with the trend of economic globalization and the rapid development of internet information technology, consumers and suppliers all over the world can directly trade face to face, which puts forward urgent requirements for rapid, timely, accurate and high-quality material distribution. The adjustment of economic structure and the emergence of diversified consumer demand have made a qualitative change in the economic and social demand for logistics industry. After the price and quality of enterprise products have gained advantages, and the control of production and sales site costs has been relatively sufficient, the pursuit of logistics efficiency has become an important way for modern enterprises to reduce operating costs, improve efficiency and enhance their competitiveness. Logistics industry has become the "third profit source" after manufacturing profits and commercial profits. Some experts pointed out that the focus of the competition between enterprises in the future lies in the competition between logistics supply chain and supply chain, and the focus of the big competition between enterprises in the 21th century lies in the level of logistics management.

first, the present situation and level of the logistics industry in Chongqing

Chongqing is the largest city in western China, located at the western window, and also an important logistics transit center for the transportation of rich resources and industrial raw materials in the west. Chongqing has a unique terrain, but the transportation industry has a solid foundation. Sichuan-Chongqing Expressway, ports, aviation, Longhai Railway Network System and Beijing-Guangzhou Railway Network System have all brought Chongqing into the national logistics network system. Chongqing Port has also established close ties with Shanghai Port. Chongqing Port will serve as an important connecting point for Shanghai Port to extend to the west, and assume an important role in the great logistics flow at home and abroad in China. At present, the overall logistics industry in our city is small in scale, low in efficiency and few in service items, and a systematic, standardized, specialized and integrated modern logistics system is far from being formed. The annual turnover of the largest logistics enterprises is only tens of millions of yuan, which is ten times different from that of large logistics enterprises in Guangdong Province, and even more different from that of developed countries. It is not commensurate with the circulation of the annual output value of our city and the level of economic development.

Second, the problems faced by Chongqing's logistics industry and their causes

Due to the unreasonable circulation structure under the old system, the various elements of logistics have developed in isolation for a long time, and the management has been "compartmentalized". The logistics field is still a "dark continent" that has not been illuminated by the dawn. The logistics consciousness of the whole society is weak, there are no rules for the development of the logistics industry, and the guidance and investment for the development of the logistics industry are insufficient. Enterprises lack strength and enthusiasm for the construction of large-scale logistics, and the related science and technology are relatively backward.

Third, the demand and prospect of logistics industry development in our city

Since our city became a municipality directly under the Central Government, the economic development of our city has accelerated, which has created a huge demand for logistics industry in our city, mainly in the following four aspects.

1. Chongqing is an important manufacturing center in China, with an intensive urban population, expanding import and export scale and sales scale, and an urgent need for "huge" logistics channels. The total volume of foreign trade import and export in our city has maintained a substantial growth. The total volume of foreign trade import and export in the Ninth Five-Year Plan reached US$ 7 billion, an increase of 32.45% compared with US$ 5.285 billion in the Eighth Five-Year Plan. In 2111, the city's foreign trade import and export volume was US$ 1.65 billion, up by 36.4%, of which exports exceeded US$ 911 million, up by 82.7%, a record high. The scale of electromechanical industries in our city, such as mini-cars, motorcycles and medical daily necessities, is expanding day by day, in which the proportion of electromechanical products in total exports has increased from 18.55% at the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan to 49.5% now; High-tech products now account for 12.5% of total exports; Motorcycle exports increased from $15.14 million at the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan to $317 million now; It has increased by 31 times. In order to ensure the smooth sales of bulk commodities, logistics specialization is bound to be required. With the bugle call for the development of the western region and the approach of China's entry into WTO, the degree of openness is increasing, the rise of large-scale shopping malls and supermarkets characterized by mass purchase and mass sales, the introduction of chain operation, the trend of urbanization is developing day by day, the retail scale of the whole city is expanding, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods is growing rapidly, reaching 51.793 billion yuan in 1997 and 55.369 billion yuan in 1998, an increase of 9.1% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the actual growth is real. In 1999, it was 59.6 billion yuan, an increase of 7.71% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, it actually increased by 11.6%. In 2111, it was 63.4 billion yuan, an increase of 7.9% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, it actually increased by 12.2%. This means that goods move to 31 million people in large numbers, which puts forward a large number of requirements for logistics to purchase goods with various varieties. The original "small" logistics channels can no longer meet the requirements and must be established.

2. In order to be invincible, commercial enterprises urgently need to develop modern logistics. Under the trend of economic globalization, a large number of small and medium-sized commercial enterprises in our city are facing the competition and challenges of large chain enterprises or large shopping malls at home and abroad. In order to improve competitiveness, small and medium-sized retail enterprises should take reducing logistics costs and obtaining third-party profits as an important reform means to gain a place in the market. By forming a * * * assimilation logistics organization in the form of free chain, we can implement the reform of purchasing goods directly from manufacturers, or introduce third-party modern logistics enterprises, so as to obtain scale benefits, professional management technical benefits and quality benefits and reduce logistics costs. This is an urgent requirement for them to implement reform. At the same time, in the process of expansion and merger of large commercial enterprises, only by taking the establishment of an efficient logistics distribution system as the most important task can they be invincible.

3. The quality of logistics is increasingly demanding, and it is urgent to establish professional modern logistics. With the increasing of high value-added products and diversified products, logistics is required to provide more detailed services, and at the same time, it is required to improve the safety, reliability and rapidity of logistics. Intense competition among enterprises will make enterprises pay more attention to saving costs and reducing waste in logistics; With the development of information technology application, more retail stores will implement extremely detailed "single item management" and implement multi-variety and small batch inventory. Multi-variety of products and diversification and individualization of consumption will lead to multi-variety and small batch of high-quality logistics.

4. The bottleneck of e-commerce development-logistics problem needs to be solved urgently. The online payment problem of e-commerce has been basically solved, but at present, logistics delivery is still the bottleneck problem that restricts online shopping. E-commerce logistics does not mean that it can be composed of traditional MLM channels. It is the same as the requirements of modern logistics of other enterprises. To realize informationization, standardization, automation and management modernization, the future online shopping and delivery will be undertaken by enterprises with good conditions, such as professional third-party modern logistics companies and chain companies.

It can be seen that the future logistics industry in Chongqing will have great market demand and good development prospects

IV. Difficulties in cultivating and developing the logistics industry in Chongqing

Modern logistics industry is a highly comprehensive tertiary industry with high management level, high automation level and high information technology level that our city has ever faced. In the process of cultivation and development, it is bound to encounter various difficulties. As the relevant management department, it should be aware of them.

1. Facing the challenge of ideological concept and cognitive level. At present, the inertia thoughts of "emphasizing production and neglecting logistics" and "emphasizing business flow and neglecting logistics" are deeply rooted, and their concept of modern logistics is very weak. Lack of understanding of the significance of developing modern logistics industry, lack of due enthusiasm and motivation, the emergence of "price reduction wind" and "selling off wind", the management of "distribution center" as a wholesale station, and the emergence of various "chain stores" that are not worthy of the name all show that the development of enterprise logistics is not regarded as a key factor for the survival of enterprises, nor is it regarded as one of the major strategies for the economic development of our city, which also shows that there is a gap in its understanding level.

2. Facing the challenge of system transformation. The integration and specialization of logistics are the main characteristics of modern logistics, and its realization must involve cross-organizational cross-departmental cross-regional cooperation. It is an inevitable trend for the development of logistics industry in our city to flow from dispersed substances to socialized logistics. After the introduction of professional logistics system services, it will inevitably lead to the internal structure adjustment and appropriate layoffs of the enterprises receiving services. Therefore, the interests from departments and individuals will become the main obstacles to the development of specialized logistics.

3. Facing the challenges of resources such as land, equipment and funds. Operating the logistics service industry requires a lot of land and advanced storage and transportation equipment to develop the overall benefits of the supply chain. In addition, maintaining the operation requires huge investment, and its payback period is relatively long. Therefore, without government policy support and financing measures, it is difficult to effectively promote the development of the logistics industry.

4. Facing the challenge of talent shortage. The development of modern logistics needs the support of specialized talents and advanced information technology. In the past, logistics was regarded as an accessory of enterprises. At present, only universities in Beijing, Zhengzhou and Shanghai have logistics majors, while universities in Chongqing and the west basically have no logistics majors. There is a shortage of talents in the whole society, especially those who know both information technology and logistics management.

5. Facing the challenge of efficiency and market competition. In the long run, the integration and specialization of logistics will significantly improve the economic benefits of enterprises in the supply chain. But it may not be reflected quickly in a short period of time. On the one hand, enterprises should abandon some unnecessary equipment and facilities, and at the same time add some conditions to adapt to logistics integration, so as to increase some investment. On the other hand, in the initial stage of the formation of large-scale logistics, because the social demand has not yet reached the economic scale, the service price of the third logistics enterprise will not be very low, and the service may not be perfect, coupled with the difficulty for users to accept logistics; How to make the third-party logistics professional, information-based, standardized and modernized, and at the same time gain a firm foothold in the market, is also a difficult problem.

V. How to develop Chongqing's logistics industry

The basic strategy of developing modern logistics industry in Chongqing is to build Chongqing into a logistics center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and make Chongqing an important part of the logistics center in the west.

Chongqing's location and comprehensive economic advantages determine that Chongqing has the greatest development potential in the western region. A few days ago, the United Nations specially mentioned the 25 most promising cities in China in its report "Current Urban Development Index Coefficient and Development Prospect in the World", and Chongqing ranked eighth, and ranked 1th in the western cities (see the table below). Therefore, the development of modern logistics industry should first be based on Chongqing, in order to meet and adapt to the needs of Chongqing's economic development. With the further development and strengthening of Chongqing's economy, it is accompanied by the enhancement of attraction and arc force, which puts forward higher requirements for logistics. The situation of the western region in China's economic development strategy is pulling force. The success or failure of the western development determines the size of the "pull". Although the economic development of the western region is still lagging behind that of the eastern region, it can be predicted that with the in-depth development of the western region, the western economy will show an upward trend, which will inevitably bring an extremely huge amount of logistics, among which a considerable part of logistics will choose Chongqing as a transit because of its geographical advantages. Therefore, Chongqing's logistics construction must face the west from a strategic point of view. Only in this way can Chongqing really play a driving and arc role in its surrounding and the entire western region economy. The hinterland of the western region is vast, but there is still a big gap between Chongqing, Chengdu and Xi 'an in the western region and Tianjin, Shanghai and Shenzhen in the eastern coast, both in terms of economic scale and location (the economic scale is in the forefront of the country, and the coastal areas have natural deep-water ports), so their economic arc shooting ability will be restricted. In the near future, at present, no city in the west has the ability to become a logistics center in the western region. In this case, all parts of the west should combine their own characteristics and their respective regional advantages, learn from each other's strong points, unite and strengthen mutual cooperation, and jointly undertake and promote the development of the logistics industry in the west.

the so-called "know yourself and know yourself, and you will be invincible". I want to make a comparison here with the logistics industry in Chengdu, Chongqing, which is separated only by a strip of water. Chengdu's logistics industry, which is also in the initial stage of the transition from traditional warehousing and transportation industry to modern logistics industry, has low utilization rate of logistics resources and high logistics cost, and its scale, infrastructure and distribution system are extremely disproportionate to Chengdu's position as a "three centers and two hubs" in southwest China. However, this year, Chengdu's modern logistics has received unprecedented attention: on the one hand, it draws on experts and scholars at home and abroad to make plans, and on the other hand, all districts, cities and counties are working hard to cooperate with each other. Chengdu's logistics industry has basically completed the functional layout of the whole modern logistics in just half a year, and all modern logistics work is being carried out in an orderly manner. However, the development of logistics industry in Chongqing seems to be slower than that in Chengdu. Therefore, it is even more necessary for us to learn from our sister cities.

1. Chongqing's logistics industry should first break through the manufacturing industry. At present, China has become the manufacturing center of the world. As an old industrial base and equipment manufacturing base, Chongqing should first break through the development of logistics from the manufacturing industry, increase efforts to support the development of third-party logistics enterprises, realize the joint development of logistics industry and manufacturing industry, and promote the organic integration of modern manufacturing industry and modern logistics industry.

2. accelerate the cultivation of large modern logistics enterprise groups and enhance the core competitiveness of the logistics industry. Scale determines the unit operating cost and core competitiveness of modern logistics enterprises. At present, Chongqing's logistics enterprises are small in scale and weak in competitiveness. The real foreign-funded third-party logistics enterprises are basically blank, and large state-owned logistics enterprises are still in the development stage. Private logistics enterprises are now a unique group of Chang 'an people's livelihood logistics, and the tripartite confrontation among foreign-funded, state-owned and private logistics enterprises has not yet formed. To cultivate large-scale modern logistics groups, we should first cultivate state-owned logistics enterprises, give full play to the advantages of state-owned logistics enterprises in logistics network, customer resources, brand, innovation ability and social responsibility, and comprehensively promote the development of modern logistics industry in Chongqing.

3. relying on the golden waterway, build the southwest port logistics center. Chongqing, relying on the golden waterway of the Yangtze River, has a unique geographical advantage. It is suggested to achieve this goal from the following aspects: strengthening government planning and guidance, building a comprehensive port service system, and improving the comprehensive service capacity of Chongqing ports; Accelerate the informatization construction of port logistics and improve the informatization level of port logistics services; Improve the logistics service environment and develop port logistics clearance.

4. build a world-class logistics service. Because Chongqing is located inland, more than 2411 kilometers away from the sea, the logistics cost is inferior to that of coastal areas. To narrow these gaps, we should introduce world-class logistics enterprises, support the development of foreign-funded logistics enterprises, and build world-class logistics services.