Guanzhong refers to the Weihe River alluvial plain at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province (around the Weihe River Basin), with an average elevation of about 500 meters, so it is called Weihe Plain, Weihe Valley, Guanzhong Basin and Guanzhong Plain. Its northern part is the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, and its southern part is the mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi and Qinba Mountain. Shaanxi is a developed industrial and agricultural area with dense population and rich land, so it is called "Qinchuan in 800 Li".

The name of Guanzhong began in the Warring States period. It is generally believed that there are three passes in the west (Daguan Pass), Hangu Pass in the east, Wuguan Pass in the south and Xiaoguan Pass in the north, among the four passes (Tongguan Pass in the east and Jinsuo Pass Pass in the north). The pass extending in all directions, coupled with the two natural barriers of the northern Shaanxi Plateau and the Qinling Mountains, has made Guanzhong a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. The ancients used to call the area west of Hangu Pass Guanzhong. "The Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong wants to be the king of Guanzhong and make Zi Ying the phase." "On Qin": "The heart of the first emperor thought it was fixed in Guanzhong."

Guanzhong is located in the Guanzhong area from the west of Tongguan in Shaanxi Province to the east of Baoji City. Now it is five prefecture-level cities: xi 'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Xianyang and Weinan. Guanzhong has fertile land, criss-crossing rivers and mild climate, which is called "Huang Jincheng Thousand Miles", "Land of Abundance" and "Land of Four Blocks" in history books. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, 13 dynasties have established their capitals here, which lasted for more than 1 100 years. In addition, the cradle of Chinese civilization is in the Yellow River basin, and the cradle of Yellow River civilization is in the Weihe River basin. Guanzhong area is not only the earliest place called "Land of Abundance" in history, but also the earliest place called "Land of Abundance" in history. According to the 40 th volume of the Book of Pre-Han Dynasty, Sean suggested that Liu Bang make Guanzhong his capital, saying, "Fu Guanzhong has a letter on the left, Shu on the right, and fertile land is thousands of miles away ... This so-called city of gold is thousands of miles away, and it is a land of abundance." Chengdu Plain was called "Tianfu" around 208 AD, and Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Dui" mentioned Sichuan as "the land of abundance", which was more than 500 years later than the "Tianfu" in Guanzhong. Calling Sichuan "Land of Abundance" first appeared in Chen Ziang's article, which was more than 800 years later than calling Guanzhong "Land of Abundance". From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Guanzhong area was once called "Land of Abundance" or "Land of Abundance", but after the Qing Dynasty, no one linked Guanzhong area with "Land of Abundance".