1. Discuss text reading: Read the following text and complete the question 1-4. (12, 3 points for each small question)
The World Commission on Environment and Development put forward a concept: the mainstream social and cultural paradigm holds that human culture has caused such cultural changes-environmental crisis, ecological conflict and other issues, which are closely related to the western-style social and cultural concepts; This concept dominated by the west not only developed in western society, but also slowly spread to the whole world. This view has at least three characteristics: emphasizing competition and conquest; Ignoring harmony not only ignores harmony with nature, but also ignores harmony with other societies and cultures; It is the biggest mistake to make unlimited use of matter and think that resources are always limited. The industrial revolution is only a special development of these concepts, which come from the earliest western cultural concepts-the late Soviet culture in the lower reaches of the two rivers.
Professor Zhang Guangzhi, a famous archaeologist, said: "China and the western civilizations have basically been dominated by different principles from Evonne." The so-called different principles are different basic cultural concepts, that is, a continuous world outlook and a broken world outlook. He also said: "The birth of China's civilized society is not the result of the production technology revolution, nor the take-off of commercial trade, but the result of the extreme concentration of wealth caused by the gradual political process." In his view, when China culture entered the metal age from the Neolithic Age, it showed a special cultural concept called "continuation" or "continuation"; The ancestor of western culture, represented by the culture at the end of the Soviet Union, had a basic cultural concept of "fracture" from the Neolithic Age to the Metal Stone Age.
The most obvious "continuity" is manifested in the production tools, from Xia Dynasty to Shang Dynasty, bronze wares were used. Bronzes in Shang Dynasty were all used as ritual vessels, wine vessels and weapons, such as ding, jue and yi. The agricultural tools used in Shang Dynasty were stones, wood, mussels and bones used in Neolithic Age. But unlike Sumu, its bronzes were first used to grow wheat and harvest mature wheat ears with bronze knives. From the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age is a breakthrough, but also a break with the previous relationship. Western scholars often joke that you China people are so stupid that you don't need to produce bronzes. Of course, we know that bronzes are more effective and produce more, but more is not necessarily good. From that era on, we hope to live in harmony with nature and respect each other; Unwilling to destroy nature with very effective things; We believe that we are one and continuous with the universe, which has been the basic principle of our whole concept of the universe since then.
The same is true of our interpersonal relationship. From the Xia Dynasty to the Shang Dynasty, until the later feudal era, we all replaced geographical groups with clans and religious groups. Therefore, in interpersonal relationship, we continued the religious relationship, and the Soviet Union disintegrated and replaced it with geopolitical relationship. Others, such as the application of characters, the relationship between urban and rural areas and the accumulation of wealth, are all the same.
(Excerpted from Xinhua Digest, No.2, 2005)
1. The correct understanding of "more is not necessarily better" is ()
A. The emergence of civilized society in China is not the result of technological revolution, so "surplus" is not conducive to the emergence of social civilization.
The emergence of civilized society in China is not the take-off of commercial trade. At that time, there was no need for such commercial trade in society, so there was no need for "more".
C "Surplus" causes extreme concentration of social wealth, which does not meet the requirements of our civilized society.
D "Abundance" will destroy the harmony and balance of nature, and this disrespect for nature will affect the sustainable development of mankind.
2. The incorrect interpretation of the concept of "continuity" in China culture is ().
A. "Continuity" includes the idea that man and nature, others and the whole universe are one.
B. "Continuation" means maintaining a primitive state of life, so the agricultural tools used in the Shang Dynasty continued the stones, wood, mussels and bones used in the Neolithic Age.
C. "Continuity" is a continuous view of the universe, which means maintaining a harmonious and balanced relationship.
D "Continuity", as a cultural phenomenon in China, has been formed since the initial stage of civilization, which is embodied in production tools, interpersonal relationships, the use of words, urban-rural relations, wealth accumulation and so on.
3. The following statement is consistent with the original intention: ()
A Sumerian culture in the lower reaches of the two rivers promoted the industrial revolution and the development of western cultural concepts.
B. Western-style social and cultural concept is the mainstream social and cultural paradigm of modern society, which affects the whole world.
C. compared with Chinese civilization, western civilization contains more wrong ideas in terms of its characteristics.
D. Western social and cultural concepts not only affect western society, but also bring influence to developing China.
4. The following inference is incorrect ()
A continuity and discontinuity are the differences between Chinese and western civilization concepts, and these two cultures can complement each other.
B. a nation's cultural concept is not produced in the later period, but formed at the beginning of civilization.
C. The environmental changes caused by human culture today are caused by the development of western society, and we should take a warning.
D. The author holds a negative attitude towards the view that the industrial revolution leads to environmental crisis and ecological crisis.
Reading in Classical Chinese: Read the following classical Chinese and complete 5-8 questions (*** 18 points).
Tian Chou, the word Zi Tai, has no end in right Beiping. In the first year of Chuping, the righteous soldiers rose up and Dong Zhuo moved to Chang 'an. Liu Yu, a shepherd in Youzhou, sighed and said, "Thieves and ministers make an insurrection, and the imperial court plays wild. I am an old man in the imperial clan, and now I want to send envoys to the Minister's Day. How can I live up to my life? " Everyone is talking about the salty environment. Yu Nai prepared a gift and invited him to meet him, which made him happy, so he arranged for him to engage in it and have his own car to ride. When he was about to leave, he said: "Today, the road is blocked and there are many bandits, so it is called the official ambassador and the name of the audience; I am willing to do it privately and hope to get it. " Danger comes from it, and danger comes from ancestors and factions. Since the road is taken, the territory is more on the Xiguan River. When there is a traffic jam, it is next to Beishan, straight to the north and along the path, so it is fatal to Chang 'an. I'll ask you to ride a captain. You won't get the favor of Hebei Rong, and you won't accept it. The court is benevolent and noble. If the three governments merge, they will not, and they are willing to return to service. Have to report, chi also. Not yet, Yu has been injured by Gongsun Zan. When he arrived, he paid homage to Yu's tomb. Chen made a statement and left in tears. Hearing this, Zan was furious and wanted territory. He said, "Why did you cry at Liu Yu's grave instead of giving me a seal?" Zhou Yue said, "The Han family is declining, and the people are not upright, but they are faithful. As Zhang Bao said, the general is not beautiful, and I am afraid that I will not be happy, so I will not enter. " Junzhuang is right, but he can't explain it.
The territory returned to the north, and he led a clan with hundreds of people. He swept the floor and said, "I can't stand on the world without revenge!" " Then he entered Xuwushan, lived in a deep and dangerous place, and devoted himself to the arms of his adoptive parents. The people returned to it, and in a few years, it reached more than 5,000 people. Domain is a law to restrain murder, theft and litigation, and it is also a wedding ceremony to promote the business taught by the school, which is convenient for everyone and will not be forgotten. Yuan Shao sent several envoys to recruit life, just to give the general seal. However, due to the unification of Anji, all domains refused to be justified. Shao is dead, his son is still arrogant, and his domain is dying. Domain names are often angry because many thieves killed the cover of their county crown, but they failed to discuss it. Taizu marched north to Wu Huan, and the territory was covered up with a plan, so he made great gains and made Houyi a hero, which stabilized the territory. Mao knows his heart, making a promise but not taking it back. Liaodong beheaded Yuan Shangshou, so that "those who dare to cry in the three armed forces will be beheaded". The domain is dominated by taste, but it is a funeral, and there are more than 300 family members and people.
("Reflection? Shu Wei Xi ")
[Note] ① Zu: Farewell banquet. 2 Crown: Official.
5. The incorrect explanation of the words added in the following sentences is (3 points) ()
A. The court's benevolence and righteousness are high: I appreciate and think that ... is high.
B. Go straight and interesting, and follow the path to get rid of interest: pass the "potential" and run.
C. purchase domain name purchase: purchase
D. Mao knows very well that he promised not to take it back: forced change.
6. The following materials are divided into four groups, and the group that all indicates the meaning of this field is (3 points) ().
① Not only through the main road, but also on the Xiguan and out of the fortress ... ② The three governments and the monarch are neither right nor wrong.
(3) Before paying homage to the grave, Chen wept bitterly. (4) He led the clan with hundreds of people to sweep the alliance.
(5) Laws to restrain cannibalism, theft and litigation. 6 domain is given priority to with taste, is a memorial service.
A.①②④ B.①③⑤ C.②③⑥ D.④⑤⑥
7. The following summary and analysis of the original text is incorrect (3 points) ()
A. Tian Chou was ordered to leave Chang 'an without ostentation and extravagance, dressed lightly and simply, avoided the main road and took the path, and arrived in Chang 'an smoothly.
Completed the task.
B. the court sealed the official position, and Tian Chou refused to accept it. The governments of the three countries appealed, but Tian Chou also refused, which shows the political distance of Tian Chou.
Look: he has seen that the days of this court will not be too long.
C Tian Chou led many people into the mountains, on the one hand to avoid Gongsun Zan, and on the other hand to save strength for Liu Yu.
Hatred He showed high management ability in Xuwushan.
D. Yuan Shao and his son showed it to Tian Chou, but he refused. Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan, Tian Chou took the initiative to make suggestions,
Its purpose is to avenge him with the help of Cao Cao.
8. Translate underlined sentences in classical Chinese reading materials into modern Chinese. (9 points)
(1) How can we live up to our mission by sending envoys to the Minister's Day today? (3 points)
(2) Camp deep, take risks and open up, and cultivate adoptive parents. (3 points)
(3) Taste is the main domain, but it is a funeral. (3 points)
Volume II
Three. Appreciation of ancient poetry (8 points)
9. Read the following Song lyrics and then answer this question.
Good things are near? Fisherman's Ci Zhu Dunru
Shake down the first wisp of world of mortals, wake up and get drunk more happily. Green clothes and green hats are used to put on snow.
Go fishing in Ding Feng in the evening, and it's crescent moon. Thousands of days are mixed into one color, look at the lonely blue-green flash.
Note: Zhu Dunru resigned in Shaoxing, Song Gaozong in 19th year (1 149) and lived in Jiaxing, Zhejiang for a long time.
(1) A brief analysis of the role of the first sentence "Shake the first word as the world of mortals, and it is even more inappropriate to wake up drunk" in the whole word. (4 points)
(2) What kind of picture does the next segment of the word show? What kind of feelings did the poet express? (4 points)
Four, the memory of famous sentences and famous articles (8 points)
10. Fill in the blanks in the following famous sentences and articles.
(1) You didn't see Qinghai Tou, and it was loudest in the dark sky on a stormy day. (Du Fu's Military Vehicle Shop)
(2) Once hard work happens, life experiences ups and downs. (Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Dingding Ocean")
(3) Don't laugh at the farmer's mud wine, and raise enough chickens and dolphins in good years. , 。 (Lu You's Tour of Shanxi Village)
(4) Today, people's property is also under control. Happy years have been bitter for a lifetime, and fierce years are inevitable. (Mencius "The History of Qi Huan")
Language expression and application of intransitive verbs (24 points)
15. In the following sentences, the phrase with extra points is () (3 points).
A. how time flies. The success of the Olympic bid seems to be yesterday. In a blink of an eye, the world-famous Beijing Olympic Games is less than 100 days away.
B. At present, the newspaper distribution war is getting worse. Some newspapers deliberately fabricate some shocking news to attract readers, but the result is often self-defeating
C. Mr. Ji Xianlin, a famous scholar, is well versed in China and the West, is compatible with hundreds of schools, and has made outstanding achievements in many research fields. He is known as a leading figure in academic circles, which he deserves.
D. At one time, the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock indexes fluctuated greatly, sometimes rising by several hundred points a day, and sometimes falling by several hundred points a day. The fluctuation range is amazing.
16 ... The following sentence, which is not ill-defined, is () (3 points).
A. This picture shows the girls in holiday costumes singing and dancing around the blazing bonfire, and their clothes are soaked with sweat.
B According to Italian law, Berlusconi can't be the president of the club when he is prime minister, otherwise he may do something against the public interest.
C Only by organically combining labor with interests, hobbies and even ideals can we give full play to everyone's hidden imagination and creativity.
D. Our school's fund-raising activities for Sichuan earthquake-stricken areas have received positive responses from many school teachers and classmates, and raised more than 30,000 yuan in less than one day.
17. One of the following sentences is () (3 points)
The formation and development of "tacit understanding" is the result of the interaction of psychological factors such as understanding, stereotype, seeking beauty and novelty.
(2) At the same time, because of the psychological set at work, the "tacit understanding" is stable.
The creation and appreciation of any art are interdependent, mutually restrictive and mutually promoting.
④ Understanding and seeking beauty are the basis of "tacit understanding"
One of the profound manifestations of this relationship in artistic form is the tacit understanding between the creator and the appreciator.
6. Because both creation and appreciation need innovation, "tacit understanding" is not static, but changing and developing.
A.⑤①②④⑥③b .③④①⑤②⑥
C.③⑤①④②⑥ D.③⑤②①④⑥
18. Reorganize the following sentences with the beginning of the paragraph "The first shrill cry of China intellectuals" and the narrative subject. You can change the word order, add or delete words, but do not change the original meaning. ) (3 points)
Mencius, sharp and tough. Facing the real life, the first shrill cry of China intellectuals broke out, and the initial wooden fence was erected for the territory of China intellectuals.
The first shrill cry of China intellectuals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
19. Imitate sentences with reference to the rhetoric and sentence features of the following examples. (4 points)
Pastoral poetry is a piccolo of a rural shepherd boy, fresh and elegant, with a panoramic view of green mountains and green waters and solitary smoke in the sunset; Frontier poems are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Li Bai's poem is a long sword, soaring in the sky and enjoying mountains, waterfalls, wine and hibiscus; Du Fu's poem is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
20. Draw up a title for the following news, no more than 10. (4 points)
According to Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 27th, an American man, inspired by the trouble of playing an umbrella in rainy days, suddenly invented a new type of umbrella, which can help his hands to be completely "liberated" and prevent the umbrella from being blown over by strong winds. The inventor called it the first umbrella without hands in the world.
The British "Daily Mail" reported that the umbrella was named "nburella" and was made by Allen? Kaufman is 45 years old and used to be a professional tennis player.
This kind of umbrella is hemispherical and has a strap inside. When in use, the strap can be fixed by putting it on the shoulder. Just press the button and the umbrella will open automatically. This new umbrella is made of nylon and aluminum alloy, and its front cover is made of thermoplastic polyurethane. It weighs about1.2kg and costs 30 pounds (about 59 dollars). This new type of windproof umbrella has the function of keeping warm besides rain.
Kaufman said that although wearing this new umbrella will make people look "bad", "when you go out in bad weather, not many people will pay attention to your image."
2 1. 1984, Reagan, who was already in his prime, ran for president with young Mundell. After Reagan delivered his campaign speech, a reporter who supported Mundell asked him, "Don't you think age will be an issue in this election?" Reagan smiled and replied, "I won't take advantage of my opponent's youth and inexperience."
The reporter's question seems to raise a casual question, but in fact it has an implication: Reagan is old, and there may be some problems such as lack of energy and slow response, so I am afraid he is not qualified for the presidency. In the face of reporters' questions and cross-examination, the veteran Reagan answered very skillfully and tried to comment on Reagan's wonderful answer. (4 points)
Comments: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Reference answer:
First, the discussion of text reading
1.d (causality of A, B and C cannot be established)
("continuation" is not to maintain a primitive state of life. )
3.D (A) is wrong in "promoting the industrial revolution"; B The mainstream social and cultural paradigm believes that human culture has caused such cultural changes-environmental crisis, ecological conflict and other issues, which are closely related to the social and cultural concepts of the Western style; The two concepts of C are just different, and the original text does not say who is right or wrong. )
4.c) The environmental changes caused by today's human culture are closely related to western social and cultural concepts. )
2. Reading classical Chinese
5.c (purchase, not a general "purchase", but a "soliciting reward")
6.c (① shows the calculation of the domain, which has nothing to do with "righteousness". ⑤ shows Tian Chou's political talent, which has nothing to do with "righteousness". The other four items all show Tian Chou's "righteousness": (2) Miyake was built to repay Liu Yu; (3) To pay homage to Liu Yu's tomb, showing his devotion to Herry Liu and not fearing the power of Gongsun Zan; (4) Alliance with everyone is to avenge Liu Yu; ⑥ It is against Cao Cao's orders to pay homage to Yuan Shang, and the reason why he risked his life to pay tribute to him is only because Yuan Shang once asked him to be an official, which is a typical "righteous" behavior).
7.b (refusing to call up, not out of "political foresight")
8.( 1) Now (I) want to send an envoy (to the emperor) to show my integrity (to the court), but how can I find someone who can complete my mission? ("exhibition effect", 1 minute, translated as "expression"; "Dishonor the mission", 1 minute, translated as "disgrace the mission"; Andrew ...? 1, translated as "How (where) can I get ...? ")
(2) Choose a deep, dangerous and flat place to live, farm your own land and support your parents. ("Ying", 1, translated as "Xuan", translated as "Qiu", "Qiu" and "Jian" are also acceptable; "Farming", 1 min, translated as "personally farming"; "Yi", 1 min, translated as "Lai". )
(3) Tian Chou was grateful to be called up by Yuan Shang and went to mourn for the death of Yuan Shangzhi. ("for .............................................." bi, 1 min, translated as "conscription"; "Nai", 1 min, translated as "so" and "just". )
3. Appreciation of ancient poetry and prose
9.( 1) From the content point of view, it is a portrayal of the author's life after leaving the officialdom, which sets the ideological and emotional tone of the whole poem. (2 points) From the structural point of view, "out of the world of mortals" is the "poetic eye" of the whole word, which dominates the whole word. Because of the "world of mortals", there is a leisurely and detached life scene described below. (2 points)
(2) The second poem shows a beautiful, elegant, leisurely and quiet fishing picture on a moonlit night by describing the scenery such as the moonlight reflecting the river, the water and the sky being the same color, loneliness and brightness. (2 points) It shows the poet's contempt and unwillingness to go along with the officialdom of the world of mortals, and embodies the author's pursuit of a pure and noble ethics and yearning for a free and quiet life. (2 points)
4. Ancient poems written by dictation
10.( 1) In all the places where the old bones were abandoned, new ghosts wailed there, and now the mountains and rivers around the old (2) are broken and the wind is floating.
(3) there is no way to doubt the mountains and rivers. (4) Insufficient support for parents and wife.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Modern Chinese Reading (1) 1 1. "Moral standard" essentially refers to the principles of life (sentiment, realm, etc. ) poverty and self-control (happiness and pride for poverty). (2 points, if you answer "treat wealth as a cloud" or "Yan Hui lives in poverty", you will get 1 point. This moral standard lays the foundation for the artist's life and is the foundation of being a man. ). (2 points)
12.(① Fu Cong's success in Fu Lei's "moral standard" education is precisely because he can maintain the tradition of China literati and the lofty realm of transcending dust and being free from vulgarity. (2) Fu Cong can step onto the top of the world art because he has a profound cultural foundation in China, which is the success of Fu Lei's artistic edification. (3) Fu Cong's artistic path leads to nature, which enhances his spiritual realm and stimulates his artistic vitality. This is the success of Fu Lei's "advocating nature" education. (6 points, 2 points for each item, but don't answer three items. You can answer according to the sequence of Fu Lei's arrival in Fu Cong, and you can get the correct meaning. )
13.( 1) Contrary to the pianist's hand, taking "pianist's feet" as the topic has a novel perspective (1), which can stimulate reading interest (1) (2) Taking "pianist's feet" (4 points, the meaning is correct. )
14. This topic can be discussed from Chopin's life experience, artistic pursuit and musical characteristics, as well as Fu Cong's life experience, artistic accomplishment and his understanding of Chopin. Not comprehensive and profound, only reasonable.
Example: Chopin has a high cultural accomplishment, but after Poland was occupied by Germany, he began to live in exile. He has been in a state of pain because of being blocked by mountains, so his music deeply expresses his deep attachment to his motherland and his love that he can't give up. Under the education of his father, Fu Cong has a high moral and artistic accomplishment, especially a deep understanding of Li Bai and Li Houzhu's ci. In addition, he has similar life experiences with Chopin, which deepens his understanding of Chopin's music and his soul, so his performance can create a real Mazuka expression style.
(2) 1 1. Roses symbolize life and love. The rose at the beginning of the novel symbolizes the hero's life and his new love. The dying of the rose at the end symbolizes the disappearance of the hero's life and love.
12. The novel uses the misunderstanding method, and there are two misunderstandings in the plot (1 minute) (In the novel, the son misunderstood his mother's mind and ruined the happiness of two families; Because of a misunderstanding, mother paid the price of her life. )
After the death of her husband, in order to support her son, the mother agreed to the marriage, and the young and unreasonable son objected on impulse. But I regretted it afterwards and wanted to secretly promote the marriage between my mother and my classmate's father. The behavior of young people caused misunderstanding between teachers and mothers. The mother thought that her son opposed her remarriage, and his son did not understand his mother's sacrifice and fell into puppy love prematurely. In order to "save" her son, the mother was going to talk to the girl, but unfortunately, she died in a car accident. (2 points) This misunderstanding reveals a helpless view of fate and writes a misunderstanding of the fate of life, which makes people sigh. ( 1)
13. On the one hand, the novel directly describes the psychology of the characters. For example, the psychology of writing that mother is ready to agree to get married after contact with painter is expressed through inner monologue. (2 points) On the other hand, the manner, movements and language of the characters are also used to express their psychology. (2 points) For example, after the mother revealed the information to her son, "My son is eating. When I heard this, my face suddenly turned into purple eggplant." This metaphor vividly shows the son's inner dissatisfaction and disgust. For another example, after writing about a failed marriage, my mother "took out her shawl and looked at it" at home, writing about her inner nostalgia and confusion. (2 points)
14. There is no fixed answer to this question. Candidates have different opinions as long as they are reasonable.
For example, we can praise the great maternal love: the mother intends to remarry in order to better raise her son, and when she decides not to marry, she sacrifices the noble behavior centered on her son.
For example, you can criticize your mother's behavior: it is not advisable for a person to live a lifetime and completely sacrifice his own happiness; What's more, the painter is a responsible good man. Marrying him can not only get your own happiness, but also give your children a better education.
Language expression and application of intransitive verbs
15. The answer is C. With real knowledge, skills or achievements, the corresponding reputation will naturally follow. Said it was worthy of the name. A metaphor is naturally informal (more refers to articles, singing, etc. Item b is very surprising, especially the bad things that have happened in society. Item d is to praise what you see to the extreme.
16. If the predicate verb "reappearance" lacks an object, "scene" should be added at the end of the sentence; Item B is "against the will of the public" or "damaging the public interest"; Item c has no language diseases; Item D "Get positive response from many school teachers and classmates" is changed to "Get positive response from many school teachers and classmates".
17.c (put forward opinions first, which leads to the "tacit understanding" of the object; Then introduce the characteristics of "tacit understanding" in the order of first general and then second general. Pay attention to analyze the logical relationship between sentences and learn to grab keywords. )
18. The first shrill cry of China intellectuals broke out in the helpless struggle and retreat of the sharp and tough Mencius in front of real life. It erected a primitive wooden fence for the territory of China intellectuals.
19.(65438+
(2) Du Fu's poems are a string of pipa in a quiet throat stream, which is worried about the country and generous, the wind is suddenly sad, the turbid wine is runny, and the hot intestines are pleasant.
The world's first "hands-free umbrella" appeared.
2 1. This seemingly simple answer actually implies a meaning: I have enough experience and rich experience to govern the country and the people (2 points). This sentence also points out the weakness of his opponent-young, inexperienced, showing the tolerance and kindness of the elderly-and he does not intend to take advantage of his opponent's weakness, and at the same time expresses his confidence and calmness in running for president (2 points). Reagan's quip quietly emphasized his own advantages, highlighted the shortcomings of the other side, and solved the reporter's heckling (2 points).
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