Section I Main Features of Hengyang City Culture

A unique city is because of its unique culture. The cultural personality of a city is the inherent and permanent charm of a city, and it is the distinctive internal and external characteristics of a city different from other cities. Urban culture shows the unique historical and cultural style, natural geographical features, economic and social development patterns and levels of the city. By combing the main contents of modern Hengyang urban culture in detail, we can sum up the following characteristics of Hengyang urban culture:

1. In terms of cultural attributes and development, the landscape features are distinct, the ecological geographical environment, natural landscape resources and public places play a unique role in the formation of urban culture, and culture and nature are highly integrated and harmonious. The occurrence and development of urban culture has a strong material dependence.

Water system and mountains play a natural decisive role in the formation of urban texture and urban layout. The close relationship between Hengyang's ecological geography and Hengyang's urban culture is not available in other cities. As analyzed in the first chapter, Hengyang's unique eco-geographical environment is displayed through its close connection with urban structure, urban form, urban function and urban culture. The structure and function of the city determine the characteristics of urban culture, and the eco-geographical environment determines the structure and function of the city.

The Eight Scenery in Hengyang is a collection of superior natural scenery and the singing remuneration of literati and poets in past dynasties. Since the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu, Li Bai and others have left beautiful poems, which have gradually formed the symbol of the city in the long-term historical development process and become a cultural place where citizens gather. Artificial public places mainly include temples, halls, temples, stages, halls, shops, streets, martial arts venues (Yanwuping) and so on. A large number of cultural events are closely related to specific public places. Natural landscapes and urban public places bear a lot of historical and cultural information. The city god temple in the central area of the city and various temples specializing in one field and industry naturally attract people from different industries to admire and worship because of their sacredness and sublimity. Most of the trade and local guildhalls distributed in all parts of the city have stage, and the plays that are often performed also provide convenience for people to gather. In the process of frequent gathering and conversation, people's different values gradually converge and unify, and heterogeneous cultures gradually blend. With the development of modern industry and commerce, the street with increasingly strong commercial atmosphere has become a place of peak popularity, impacting the leisure mode under the conditions of traditional production methods. The pursuit of fashion will increasingly erode people's inherent frugality. In the era of underdeveloped media, people's behavior and life pursuit depend on face-to-face communication and diffusion. Public places have become an important place and way for the continuation, spread, integration and innovation of urban traditional cultural customs. Therefore, in Hengyang's urban cultural characteristics, the material attributes of culture are strong, and the occurrence and development of urban culture show great dependence on material carriers.

2. In terms of content and status, it is profound and inclusive, and it is the radiation center of southern Hunan culture and an important source and component of Huxiang culture.

Chuanshan culture has a far-reaching influence. The connotation of Chuanshan spirit can be summarized as the theoretical courage of "six classics blame me for opening up the face, seven feet beg from the sky and bury me alive", the national integrity of "the breeze intentionally makes it difficult to keep me, and the bright moon unintentionally shines on others", the clank of "the body can be humiliated, the life can be damaged, and the ambition cannot be taken away", the practical attitude of "heaven and earth are real, and it is imperative to follow the prophet's advice", and "to enter the country" Its core is patriotism and practical application. As a great thinker in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi made outstanding contributions in philosophy, history, literature and geography. His knowledge and thoughts pushed Huxiang School to the academic peak and had a great influence on Zeng Guofan, Tan Sitong and Mao Zedong. No matter in times of national crisis or during the period of peaceful construction, Hengyang people have carried forward this idea to the fullest. The revolutionary spirit of not fearing sacrifice and the patriotic spirit of destroying the family and relieving difficulties were particularly prominent in modern Hengyang. The anti-Westernization Movement, the Enlightenment Movement during the May 4th New Culture Movement, the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal activities during the Great Revolution, and the Zhang-Zhang Movement, which constantly emerged in modern history, are all concentrated manifestations of this spirit. In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, the people of Hengyang swore to defend their country and the soldiers and civilians defended the isolated city of Hengyang for 47 days, which was the peak of this spirit. Chuanshan thought is an important source and prominent core of Huxiang culture and the source of Huxiang spirit.

urban culture is strongly religious. In the history of Hengyang's urban development, religion, especially Taoism, has a profound influence on Hengyang's culture. The street name of Hengyang, which was introduced earlier, is named after the serial number in the Taoist "Thousand Characters", which is similar to heavenly stems and earthly branches. Historical records of Hengyang (Records of Hengzhou Prefecture, Records of Hengyang County, Records of Qingquan County, and Report of Hunan People's Customs, etc.) all introduce Taoist temples and Taoist priests distributed in Hengyang City. More importantly, in the daily life of modern Hengyang people, the influence of Taoism can be seen everywhere. Taoism can be seen from daily sacrifices, official worship and legendary stories. The Taoist common gods in the Taoist immortal system, such as Leigong, Fengbo, Guandi, Wenchang, Door God, Kitchen God, Town God, Land, athel Loren, Medicine King, and God of Wealth, have profoundly influenced Hengyang people's folk worship activities, such as Town God, Land, Kitchen God, etc., and the general public are in great awe of them, lest they be disrespectful. Worship and worship of these gods has actually become a folk custom. Therefore, Taoism is mainly closely related to folk customs, and through the connection with belief customs, it further affects the customs and entertainment customs at the age of 21. Buddhism is also widely spread in Hengyang. There are Buddhist temples in Huiyan Peak, Dongzhou Island, Anther Mountain and Xianglin 'an. In the development of past dynasties, many literati and poets left immortal poems because of the existence of Buddhist temples and resorts. It has become a unique part of Hengyang city culture. Of course, because Hengyang's urban culture is deeply branded with religion, there are also many superstitious elements. So far, some superstitious things and phenomena are common, such as burning paper money everywhere in the city on July 15th, and the number of fortune tellers in the streets.

Prayer culture has a long history and longevity culture is far-reaching. Prayer culture includes praying for social peace, good weather and a long life in Nanshan. Centered on the main peak of Nanyue and echoed by Huiyan Peak, people often go to nearby temples to burn incense and worship Buddha during traditional religious and folk festivals. This tradition is first related to the advocacy and attention of rulers of past dynasties. In ancient society, productivity was underdeveloped, and human beings' resistance to nature was relatively weak, so they hoped that the gods would protect the world from peace. In modern Hengyang prayer culture, praying for good health and longevity is the main thing. The culture of longevity is related to Taoism, but it also shows certain local characteristics in Hengyang, with praying for longevity as the main content. In the whole southern Hunan area, especially along the Xiangjiang River, there is a custom of worshipping Nanyue, with Hengyang as the representative. Residents mostly pray for health and longevity in Chaoyue, which shows people's awe of life and dependence and worship of nature under the circumstances of short life expectancy and underdeveloped medical and health conditions at that time. This tradition is still profound, and the author was fortunate enough to experience a strong and spectacular atmosphere of prayer. In our daily life, we also attach great importance to health preservation. Traditional health preserving methods such as Qigong are widely spread in Hengyang. Compared with other places in Hunan, Hengyang people have a lighter diet and a more peaceful personality. I am afraid this is also related to Hengyang's longevity culture. Nowadays, the longevity culture in Hengyang has influenced the whole Southeast Asia.

The educational culture of the academy has distinctive features and a long history. The development of modern Hengyang Academy education ranks first in Hunan. With Shigu Academy as the representative, a relatively dense academy group has been formed in the dual-core range of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue and Hengyang City. Taking these academies as the center of activities, it attracted a large number of scholars to dance, discuss academics and spread Confucian classics. This in itself is an important content of Hengyang city culture. At the same time, the concentration of academies and culture has greatly enhanced the taste and popularity of Hengyang city. Academic prosperity leads to talent prosperity. Education brought forth many talents in modern Hengyang, leaving Hengyang with a fine tradition of attaching importance to education, talents and knowledge. So far, Hengyang's basic education is in a leading position in Hunan.

Modern Hengyang urban culture is the radiation source of southern Hunan culture. On the one hand, as the actual political and cultural center of southern Hunan for a long time, Hengyang has gathered a large number of political and cultural resources. On the other hand, Chenzhou, Yongzhou in modern southern Hunan and the western region of Jiangxi have not been fully developed for a long time because of the harsh geographical environment. The relative development of Hengyang will inevitably have a strong radiation and demonstration effect on its region. Since modern times, Hengyang has concentrated educational resources, such as academies, test sheds, yamen, schools, etc., all of which are oriented to the whole southern Hunan area. Hengyang's drama and shadow play are often active in southern Hunan, and Hengyang's newspapers radiate to Chenzhou, Yongzhou, Shaoyang and even western Jiangxi. Hengyang became the center of the student movement in southern Hunan and the center of the spread of Marxism during the May 4th Movement and the Great Revolution. Hengyang is also a fortress of foreign missionary forces in southern Hunan and even central Hunan. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Hengyang once became the anti-Japanese cultural center of Hunan. Cultural activities in Hengyang City are numerous and varied, and revolutionary literary and artistic activities are full of vitality. There are frequent painting exhibitions, more literary and artistic publicity performances, and more literary and artistic groups and social groups. With the development of these activities, a large number of literary and art celebrities and political dignitaries have come to Hengyang. The arrival of literary and art celebrities and political dignitaries, as well as the prosperity of various literary and art activities, play an important role in promoting the city's status, raising its visibility and expanding its influence. Hengyang became a cultural city of the Anti-Japanese War overnight, comparable to Guilin, Kunming and Chongqing, which were the rear areas at that time, and should also be a history worthy of writing and pride for Hengyang people. Combining the advantages of all aspects, Hengyang has formed a centripetal force and cohesion in the region.

The urban culture of modern Hengyang is very extensive. Prosperous commercial culture, developed guild culture, philanthropic spirit of fraternity, rich folk literature, unique local beliefs and strong religious background constitute the profound foundation of Hengyang city culture. It not only has the general characteristics of Huxiang culture, but also shows its unique personality and charm. Hengyang urban culture is not only an important source of Huxiang culture, but also an important part of Huxiang culture.

3. The spirit of the city is high and vigorous, but the people are gentle and elegant, and the overall style of urban culture is peaceful and pure, inclusive, elegant and vulgar.

In the history of Hengyang, Zhao Fang resisted gold, and Pingfan, a generation of Confucian scholars, was unbeaten in 2111. Li Fei fought against Yuan, and was ordered to destroy his family and die in a crisis. Wang Fuzhi sublated the traditional culture of China and raised the cultural Kunlun; Peng Yulin left a reputation for being upright and upright for his "three noes" (not going to the official, not supporting his salary, and not insulting his sacred life). Tang Qunying, who spent all her efforts to fight for women's rights, is known as a generation of female souls; Xia Minghan's generosity inspired latecomers to join the revolution; Luo Ronghuan's military service ranks among the founding fathers of the Republic of China. There is a high-pitched and exciting spiritual vein flowing in urban culture.

but from the overall style, Hengyang's urban culture is peaceful and quiet, inclusive, elegant and vulgar. There is not only the prosperity of neo-Confucianism, but also the prosperity of street culture; There are both elegant and inclusive literati demeanor and honest and simple folk customs. There is both the greatness of once upon a time in america and the peace of clouds and clouds. The prosperity of academy culture, the development of folk literature and art, the prosperity of calligraphy, painting and poetry, and the excitement of Nanyue Temple Fair are the best footnotes of this cultural style. The overall style of Huxiang culture is relatively rigid and rapid, but Hengyang people's life rhythm is elegant and free, and their style is slightly weaker than Huxiang culture, which is probably due to the profound cultural influence for thousands of years.