First, the national ownership of enterprises;
Second, collective ownership of enterprises;
Third, foreign-invested enterprises;
Fourth, private enterprises:
Private enterprises: refers to the enterprise assets belong to the private ownership of more than 8 employees of the for-profit economic organizations, including:
(a) sole proprietorships
(b) partnership
(c) limited liability company
(d) limited liability company
Private sole proprietorship, is a person invested in the business, private sole proprietorship investor unlimited liability for the debts of enterprises.
Partnership, is established in China by law by the partners to enter into a written liability. Partnership refers to the establishment in China by law by the partners to enter into a written agreement, *** with the capital, partnership business, *** to enjoy the benefits, *** to bear the risks, and to bear unlimited joint and several liability for the debts of the partnership for-profit organizations.
Question 2: What is the meaning of the type of enterprise For reference only
The type of enterprise mainly refers to the type of company, is in accordance with the scope of responsibility of the shareholders of the company for classification. China's Company Law limits companies to limited liability companies and joint-stock companies, and limited liability companies include wholly state-owned companies. In addition, China's law also provides for partnerships and sole proprietorships of a non-corporate legal person nature. The types of enterprises include: individual, sole proprietorship, partnership (general, special general partnership, limited partnership), company (limited "one person, wholly state-owned", shares), and farmers' professional cooperatives.
According to the national standard "National Economic Industry Classification and Code" (GB / T4754-94) based on the basic classification, with reference to the relevant national departments of the economic management of the customary law, the state-owned capital statistics are divided into seven categories.
(a) According to the division of industrial structure: divided into primary industry, secondary industry, tertiary industry.
(b) According to the role of industry: divided into basic industries, general production and processing industry, trade services and other industries.
(C) according to industrial characteristics: divided into monopoly industries, competitive industries, public welfare and other industries.
(D) divided by industrial management: agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries, forestry, industry, construction, geological survey and water conservancy, transportation, post and telecommunications, trade and catering, finance and insurance, real estate and social services. Among them: industrial industry, including: coal industry, petroleum industry, metallurgical industry, building materials industry, chemical industry, forest industry, food industry, tobacco industry, textile industry, petrochemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, machinery industry, military industry, electronics industry, electric power industry, municipal utility industry and other industries; trade and catering industry, including: domestic trade, foreign trade, food, oil, food and beverage.
(E) by specific industry: According to the State Bureau of Technical Supervision issued the national standard "National Economic Industry Classification and Code" (GB/T4754-94) in the large, medium and small class identification division.
(F) divided by economic zone: divided into the eastern coastal areas, central inland areas, western remote areas.
(VII) by administrative region: divided into North China, Northeast China, East China, Central and South China, Southwest China and Northwest China.
Question 3: Please briefly explain the definition and classification of enterprises in economics Enterprises are engaged in production, circulation and services and other economic activities of the profit-making organizations, enterprises through a variety of production and management activities to create material wealth, to provide products and services to meet the needs of the public material and cultural life, in the market economy occupies a very important position.
Enterprise, "enterprise" means attempt, "industry" means cause, enterprise is an attempt to cause, as the name suggests, but exclusively in the field of business, said that the attempt to risk engaging in a profit-making business, enterprise as an organization refers to Enterprise as an organization means "an economic organization entity that applies capital to earn profit". In English for enterprise. the concept of enterprise reflects two meanings, one is operational, that is, according to the input and output of economic accounting, to obtain more than the input of funds and property surplus, the purpose of the operation of the enterprise is generally the pursuit of profitability; the second is to reflect that the enterprise is an entity with a certain nature of business. It can be seen that the enterprise is basically belongs to an economic concept, rather than a legal concept.
Types of enterprises:
1, according to the form of property organization of enterprises can be divided into: individual enterprises, partnerships, cooperative enterprises and corporate enterprises
(1) sole proprietorship
The sole proprietorship refers to the individual capital to set up, fully owned and controlled by the individual enterprise.
The advantages of a sole proprietorship are: easy to set up, transfer and close, the capitalist has absolute decision-making power, and flexible management.
The disadvantages of a sole proprietorship are: unlimited liability, high risk; limited by capital and personal management ability, limited scale.
(2) Partnership
A partnership is an enterprise that consists of two or more partners who *** with the capital, *** with the business, *** enjoy the income and *** bear the risk.
Advantages of partnership: it can be expanded because it can be financed by a large number of partners***; it also reduces the risk of the lender because of the unlimited liability of the partners*** to pay the debt; it is easier to grow and expand.
Disadvantages of partnership: partnership is an unlimited liability enterprise, partners are jointly and severally liable for the operation of the business, and the risk is high; the partners can represent the company, the power is decentralized, the leadership is multiple, the opinions are easy to produce differences, and the decision-making is slow.
(3) Company
A company is an enterprise invested by two or more natural or legal persons, with independent legal personality and legal property.
The advantages are: easy to raise funds; the company has an independent life, not affected by the life of the contributors; easy to expand. The disadvantages are: complicated procedures, high transparency, and vulnerable to "insider control.
2, according to the combination of enterprises can be divided into: a single enterprise, diversified enterprises, economic associations, enterprise groups, chain enterprises
3, according to the form of ownership can be divided into: the national ownership of enterprises, collective enterprises, private enterprises, mixed ownership of enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises (including Sino-foreign equity joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative joint ventures, and wholly foreign-owned enterprises)
4. According to the nature of the industry of the enterprise can be divided into: industrial production enterprises, commodity business enterprises, service enterprises
5. According to the field of production and operation of the enterprise can be divided into, industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises, production-oriented enterprises, distribution-oriented enterprises, service-oriented enterprises and financial enterprises.
6. According to the size of the enterprise can be divided into, large enterprises, medium-sized enterprises, small enterprises.
Question 4: What types of enterprise certification types of enterprise certification or a lot of. iso9000 quality system certification, iso14000 environmental system certification, six sigma and so on, zhexi these are the quality of the arc and the environmental aspects of the special industry also need special certification.
Question 5: What does the type of business registration mean? Refers to the nature of the enterprise. Specifically including domestic enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises.
Domestic enterprises include limited liability companies, joint-stock companies,
unincorporated business corporations, sole proprietorships, partnerships.
Foreign-funded enterprises include Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises, joint ventures and wholly foreign
owned enterprises.
Question 6: What is the significance of marketing categorization for businesses Answer 2
Marketing in the true sense of the word is Marketing. This position is divided into two types, one is called front-end marketing (Filed Marketing), one is called back-end marketing (Factory Marketing), both of which have different roles and positioning, and require different qualities and abilities. Front-end marketing is in the sales and service-oriented sales company, responsible for market development and promotion, stimulate customer demand, they do not care how the product is manufactured, only to promote the product. Of course, a good front-end marketer will promptly feed customer needs into back-end marketing to help back-end marketing understand the dynamics and customer needs of each target market. The back-end marketing, in the R&D and manufacturing-centered division, is responsible for defining the product and researching and developing the pre-market research, i.e., to understand the market, to understand the competition, to understand the target customers, and to complete the definition of the new product according to the market, the users, and the competition - a complete description of the product-specific document. Without this product definition, no product concept will move to the R&D stage." "In other words, front-end marketing helps the 'combat troops' and back-end marketing helps the 'arsenal'; front-end and back-end add up to a complete marketing concept. "
Understanding the concepts of front-end marketing and back-end marketing makes it easy to explain what qualities and competencies are required of two different kinds of top marketing officials. Let's first look at what kind of special requirements there are for a front-end marketing executive. As a front-end marketing executive, the goal of his or her job is to assist the sales team in accomplishing sales tasks, so this role must have a strong sense of service and be willing to play a supporting role. Another character is to develop new markets, for the sales department to play a front-end, so that the sales team to complete the harvest of a region, a market, you can have a new region, a new market to operate. The last task is to put my good market dynamics, collect market users, competition and other aspects of the relevant information, and summarize the regularity of things, for the company to develop strategies to provide data support.
The back-end marketing director is the key to a company's ability to market-oriented, so the back-end marketing director is responsible for the front end of the source to provide a steady stream of good products for the daunting task. This involves two tasks: one is to complete the definition of new products, for R & D staff to develop products to lay the foundation; two is the existing product life cycle management, what products when on-line, what products when off-line, how the product pricing, how to improve or improve the product, are the back-end marketing director concerned about the problem.
This is yet another way of deconstructing marketing. It's also a simpler way of explaining that a back-end support system and a front-end charge; one to make sure the ammunition is good and one to make sure it hits the target. This is another simple way to explain the marketing and how companies do marketing, but indeed not suitable for most of the local enterprises, and, also need the support of the corresponding professionals, which should be a large system under the marketing system. The former is equivalent to sales management, the latter is equivalent to the product management manager, but ignored the brand building functions and promote the role of the brand, may also be due to the HP marketing and brand building separate departments responsible for the reason. I have always believed that a perfect marketing should be for the construction of the brand and services.
Again, look at the descriptions of the positions and specific job competencies of all marketing change and chain of command - marketing executives.
From an executive search firm's perspective, we typically divide marketing into two distinct areas, one for sales and one for marketing. Marketing combines the competencies of both. As a salesperson, the more important qualities should be that he needs to have a high level of endurance, the ability to overcome difficulties and aggressiveness, as well as the ability to solve problems at work. In addition there is an important aspect is the ability to withstand pressure, because sales need to withstand a lot of pressure. And the qualities involved in doing marketing, as we will, include sensitivity to numbers, the ability to analyze problems, and personal creativity.
Marketing executives must have the skills and experience - first of all, the leadership ability, including the ability to plan, supervise the implementation of the ability to integrate resources, the ability to build systems and culture. As a team leader, you must be able to formulate a work plan for the entire team and supervise the implementation of the work plan, solve problems in the process of implementing the plan, integrate internal and external resources, coordinate with other functional departments, and complete the department's goals and tasks. As executives, also shoulder the heavy responsibility of system construction and culture construction, to form a good working atmosphere; rely on the system rather than authority, rely on the ability rather than ...... >>
Question 7: There are many main types of business enterprises are divided into which 10 points (1) State-owned enterprises. This refers to enterprises whose entire property belongs to the state and is financed by the state. The scope of state-owned enterprises, including the central and local state organs at all levels, institutions and social organizations to use state-owned assets invested in enterprises, including the implementation of entrepreneurial management, the state no longer allocated funds or part of the funds issued by the institutions and social organizations engaged in production and management activities, but also includes the above enterprises, institutions and social organizations to use state-owned assets invested in enterprises.
(2) collectively owned enterprises. This refers to a certain range of working masses funded enterprises. It includes urban and rural workers to use the collective capital investment in enterprises, and some individuals through the collection of capital voluntarily give up ownership and according to the law by the industrial and commercial administrative organs recognized as collectively owned enterprises.
(3) private enterprises. This refers to the assets of the enterprise belongs to private ownership, there are more than the statutory amount of employees of the profit-making economic organizations, in our country this kind of enterprise by the individual citizens funded by their own ownership and domination, and its mode of production and operation is based on hired labor, the number of employees should be more than 8 people. This type of enterprise was operating mainly in the tertiary industry, has been involved in the primary and secondary industries, science and technology-based, production-oriented, export-oriented direction.
(4) joint-stock enterprises. The property of the enterprise by two or more contributors *** with the capital, and in the form of shares and constitute the enterprise. China's joint-stock enterprises mainly refers to the limited liability company and limited liability companies (including wholly state-owned companies) two forms of organization. Certain state-owned, collective, private and other economic organizations, although operating in the form of shareholding, but not in accordance with the relevant established restructuring norms of the company law, not registered with the shares of limited liability company or limited liability company, is still according to the nature of the original ownership of the economy under the economic type.
(5) Associated enterprises. This refers to enterprises or enterprises, institutions between the joint venture, the formation of new economic entities; with the conditions of legal person of the joint venture, independent civil liability; does not have the conditions of legal person, by the joint venture parties in accordance with the proportion of the capital or the agreement, with their own or management of property to bear the civil liability of the enterprise. If in accordance with the provisions of the law or the agreement is jointly and severally liable, it is jointly and severally liable.
(6) foreign-invested enterprises. This type of enterprise includes Chinese and foreign joint venture in China after China *** approved the establishment of Chinese and foreign joint venture *** with the investment, *** with the operation, *** enjoy the profits, *** share the risk of Chinese and foreign joint venture; also includes foreign enterprises, other economic organizations in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit, according to China's laws to cooperation agreement on the rights and obligations of both parties, approved by the relevant Chinese authorities and set up the Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises; also includes in accordance with Chinese law set up in China, all the capital by foreign enterprises, other economic organizations or individuals to invest alone, independent operation, self-sustainable foreign-funded enterprises.
(7) Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment enterprises. This refers to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan investors in accordance with the provisions of the Chinese people's *** and the country's relevant foreign economic laws and regulations, in the form of joint ventures, cooperation or sole proprietorship in the mainland enterprises. In the application of the law, are based on the Chinese people's *** and the country's foreign-related economic laws and regulations, in the economic type it is different from the type of foreign investment in the economy.
(8) joint-stock cooperative enterprises. This refers to a combination of capital and labor union as the basis for its establishment and operation of economic organizations, it is the capital and labor force, the two basic elements of productive forces effectively combined with the advantages of joint-stock enterprises and cooperative enterprises of the emerging forms of business organization.
Question 8: Company type: 210 means Company type code, indicating the type of company registration.
210 means joint venture (Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan)
Code Type of enterprise registration
100 Domestic enterprises
110 State-owned enterprises
120 Collective enterprises
130 Joint-stock cooperative enterprises
140 Joint venture enterprises
141 State-owned Joint Ventures
142 Collective Joint Ventures
143 State-Owned and Collective Joint Ventures
149 Other Joint Ventures
150 Limited Liability Companies
151 Wholly State-Owned Companies
159 Other Limited Liability Companies
160 Joint Stock Companies
170 Private Enterprises
171 Private Sole Proprietorships
172 Private Partnerships
173 Private Limited Liability Companies
174 Private Limited Liability Companies
190 Other Enterprises
200 Enterprises Invested by Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Businesses
210 Jointly Owned Enterprises (Hong Kong or Macao, Taiwan)
220 Co-operative enterprises (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan)
230 Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan sole proprietorships
240 Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan joint-stock companies
300 Foreign-invested enterprises
310 Sino-foreign equity joint ventures
320 Sino-foreign cooperative joint-stock ventures
330 Foreign-invested enterprises
340 Foreign-invested joint-stock companies
Question 9: What is a business type? Circulation type and non-circulation type Non-circulation type of enterprise refers to: production-oriented enterprises have self-managed import and export rights.
Non-circulation type of enterprise means the opposite of circulation type of enterprise.
Circulation-type enterprises: mainly to the circulation of goods as the core of its Internet applications around the logistics, information flow, capital flow, commodity flow to start, the main performance: online stores (B2C), large-scale enterprise online procurement platform, online distribution management system, based on the WEB model of sales management system.