Interpreting the new Code for Fire Protection of Building Design

I will carefully interpret the new Code for Fire Protection of Building Design for you. Welcome to read it, I hope it will help you ~

Important changes in the new code and the Code for Fire Protection of Building Design GB 51116? Compared with the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings (GB 51145-95, 2115 edition), this code mainly has the following changes:

1. The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings were merged, and the incongruous requirements between the two standards were adjusted, so that the classification of residential buildings was unified according to the building height;

2. Two chapters of fire fighting and rescue facilities and wood structure buildings were added, which improved the requirements of fire fighting and rescue and systematically standardized the fire protection requirements of wood structure buildings;

3. The fire protection requirements of the external thermal insulation system of the building are supplemented;

4. Make the setting of fire control facilities an independent chapter and improve the relevant contents; Cancel the design requirements of fire water supply system and smoke control and exhaust system, which are stipulated by the corresponding national standards respectively;

5. The fire protection technical requirements of high-rise residential buildings and high-rise civil buildings with building height greater than 111m have been appropriately improved;

6. Supplemented the fire prevention requirements when using the covered pedestrian street for safe evacuation; Adjusted and supplemented the density of designers in building materials, furniture, lighting shops and exhibition halls;

7. The fire prevention requirements for underground warehouses, logistics buildings, large flammable gas storage tanks (areas), liquid ammonia storage tanks and liquefied natural gas storage tanks were supplemented, and the fire prevention spacing of liquid oxygen storage tanks was adjusted.

8. The relevant requirements for preventing the vertical or horizontal spread of building fires have been improved.

Interpretation by relevant experts

1. On the merger of Building Code and High Code

Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (hereinafter referred to as Building Code) and Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings (hereinafter referred to as High Code), some provisions of the two codes are inconsistent, and some of them are reasonable because External rescue? , "High Gauge" emphasizes? Save yourself? . For example, the volume of the roof fire-fighting water tank and the height of the water tank, the Building Code emphasizes that the water tank stores 11 minutes of fire-fighting water; "High Code" is to determine the volume of water tank according to the nature and standards of buildings. The "Building Regulations" stipulates that the water tank is located at the highest position of the building; "High Code" emphasizes the hydrostatic pressure of the most unfavorable fire hydrant. The setting of the fire pump adapter is emphasized in the Building Regulations. However, the "High Code" does not emphasize the setting of fire pump adapters for floors that exceed the water supply capacity of fire engines. The setting of fire pump is emphasized in the High Code. The Building Code does not stipulate that multi-storey buildings must be equipped with fire pumps. The setting of fire standby pump is emphasized in "High Code"; "Building Regulations" allows buildings with less fire water consumption not to have fire standby pumps.

However, there are some provisions that should be consistent but not consistent, such as whether the fire hydrants in the foreroom of the fire elevator are included in the total number of fire hydrants on the same floor. The provisions of the "Building Regulations" stated that it was not included. When the "High Regulations" were revised in the 1991s, the original "High Regulations" were changed. Not included in the total number of fire hydrants on the same floor? This sentence is crossed out, but it is not clear whether it is included in the provisions and descriptions of the provisions. At that time, it was considered that the engineers could decide whether the fire hydrant in the front room of the fire elevator was dedicated or used concurrently. If it is determined to be used exclusively or concurrently, corresponding technical measures should be taken. After the merger of "Building Code" and "High Code", the problem that the provisions of the two codes should be consistent but inconsistent was fundamentally solved.

the code for fire protection design of buildings and the code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings were merged into a new code for fire protection design of buildings (GB 51116-2114). Editor-in-chief of the new Building Regulations: tianjin fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security and Sichuan Fire Protection Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. Interpreter: The Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security organizes Tianjin and Sichuan Fire Research Institutes to be responsible for the interpretation of specific technical contents.

2. Examples of provisions in the new Building Regulations

1) Examples of provisions in the preface revision 1)

Examples of provisions 1:

1.1.2 This specification is applicable to the following newly built, expanded and rebuilt buildings:

1 factory building;

2 warehouse;

3 civil buildings;

4 Class A, B and C liquid storage tanks (zones);

5 combustible and combustion-supporting gas storage tanks (zones);

6 combustible material storage yard;

7 urban traffic tunnels.

article' 1.1.2' of article 1? Civil architecture? The term includes: four types of buildings included in the original "Building Regulations" article 1.1.2:

residential buildings with floors 1, 9 and below (? );

2. Public buildings with a building height of less than or equal to 24m;

3. Single-storey public buildings with a building height greater than 24m;

4 underground and semi-underground buildings (? );

it also includes two types of buildings included in article 1.1.3 of the original "High Code":

1, residential buildings with 11 floors or more (? );

2. Public buildings with a building height exceeding 24m.

example 2:

2.1.1 high-rise building: residential buildings with a building height of more than 27m and other non-single-storey buildings with a building height of more than 24m.

　? A high-rise building? The definition of the term clearly stipulates that residential buildings are divided into multi-storey buildings or high-rise buildings according to the building height instead of the number of floors. The reason is that the building height is more accurate, while the number of floors will be quite different. At the same time, it also shows that the requirements for residential buildings are wider than those for public buildings (27m for residential buildings and 24m for other buildings), and other buildings in the definition include both industrial buildings and civil buildings.

in order to illustrate that building height is more accurate than number of floors, the example is as follows: a project has 9 floors without overhead floors, each floor is 2.8m high, and the total building height is 2.8m? 9=25.2m; The other project has an overhead floor with a height of 2.1m; 9 floors, each floor is 3.1m high, and the top floor is a thermocline, with a total building height of 2.1m+3.1m? 9+3.1m=32.1m。 The two projects have the same number of floors, both of which are 9 floors, but the difference in building height is 32.1 m-25.2 m = 6.9 m.

example 3:

buildings with a building height of more than 251m should not only meet the requirements of this code, but also take more stringent fire prevention measures in light of the actual situation, and their fire prevention design should be submitted to the national fire department for special research and demonstration.

Article 1.1.6 of the third example comes from the original "Gao Gui". When compiling the 95th edition of "Gao Gui" from 1991 to 1993, it broke through the limit of building height of 111m and set the upper limit of building height of 251m m. The reasons considered at that time were:

1. The number of fires. The number of fires in high-rise buildings is generally once. When the building height is higher and its area and number of people reach the twice fire standard in Building Code, the number of fires should not be counted once again.

2. Speed of fire elevator. The speed of the fire elevator is required to be from the bottom to the top within 1min. In that year, the speed of the fire elevator was 2.5m/s, and the 251m high-rise building took 111s, that is, 1.67min, which was slightly lower than the standard requirement, but not more than 2min.

3. Power supply guarantee. The first-class building and the second-class building have clear regulations on power supply respectively. When the building height is higher, the requirements for power supply guarantee are higher, which was difficult to achieve in China at that time.

4. engineering case. At that time, the built and planned buildings in China were generally below 251m in height. High-rise buildings with a building height of more than 251m are called out-of-code buildings (referring to high-rise buildings exceeding the upper limit) and super-high buildings (referring to high-rise buildings exceeding the super-high-rise buildings), which have not been unified in China, so I prefer to call them out-of-code buildings. It is generally believed that buildings with a height of more than 111m are also called super high-rise buildings. Those that reach 152m are called skyscrapers. How to name a high-rise building with a building height of 251 m ~ 1111 m is also a problem.

example 4:

2.1.4 commercial service outlets. It is defined as: small commercial houses such as shops, post offices, savings offices and barbershops, which are located on the first floor or the first and second floors of residential buildings, and are separated from each other by fireproof partitions with a fire resistance limit of not less than 2.11h and no doors, windows and holes, and the construction area of each separation unit is not more than 311m2.

Article 2.1.4 of Example 4 specifies whether the building area is not more than 311m2, which is the total area or the area of partitioned units; Avoid ambiguity.

2) Examples of provisions in the preface revision 2)

Example 5 of provisions:

7.3.3 A passenger elevator or a cargo elevator meeting the requirements of a fire elevator can also be used as a fire elevator.

article 7.3.3 of example 5 means that there may not be one fire elevator in the future, but there may be multiple fire elevators. This involves the drainage problem at the bottom of the elevator. When the passenger elevator or cargo elevator that meets the requirements of the fire elevator is also used as the fire elevator, it should also be drained according to the requirements of the fire elevator. It also relates to the problem that the drainage pump of the fire elevator and the passenger elevator or freight elevator which is also used as the fire elevator is special and special.

example 6:

7.4.2 helipad shall meet the following requirements:? ;

4 fire hydrants should be set at proper positions on the apron; ? .

Article 7.4.2 of Article 6 is more detailed than that of the previous specifications for setting fire hydrants on the apron. The proper position referred to in the article refers to the position that does not affect the lifting of the helicopter and is conducive to the anti-freezing and fire extinguishing of the fire hydrants.

Example 7:

Chapter 8 has been added to the new Building Regulations, and there are five sections in Chapter 8 * * *. The names of the sections are as follows:

8. General Provisions on Fire Control Facilities

8.1 (This section is equivalent to Section 8.2 of the current Building Regulations? Outdoor fire water consumption, fire water supply pipes and fire hydrants? )

8.2 indoor fire hydrant system (this section is equivalent to section 8.3 of the current Building Code? Where are indoor fire hydrants set up? )

8.3 automatic fire extinguishing system (this section is equivalent to section 8.5 of the current Building Code? Where is the automatic fire extinguishing system installed? )

8.4 Automatic fire alarm system

8.5 Smoke prevention and exhaust facilities

Example 8:

8.1.2 Outdoor fire hydrant systems should be set around civil buildings, workshops, warehouses, storage tanks (areas) and storage yards.

outdoor fire hydrant system should be set on the roof used for fire rescue and fire truck parking.

For Class E factory buildings with a fire resistance rating of not less than Grade II and a building volume of not more than 3111m3, and residential areas with no more than 511 people and no more than two floors, outdoor fire hydrant system is not required.

article 8.1.2 of example 8 stipulates the conditions for installing or not installing an outdoor fire hydrant system, which is the most basic and main fire extinguishing facility, and should be installed on the outdoor ground and the roof of the fire truck. Places with not low fire resistance rating, small building volume, low production fire risk, small number of people and low building floors may not be set up. The first and third paragraphs of the provisions follow the existing provisions, while the second paragraph is newly added. Some buildings can be equipped with fire engines on the roof of the podium, which is beneficial to the fire protection of some high-rise buildings above the podium.

what are the uses of outdoor fire hydrants?

? Pressurized by fire trucks can be directly used for fire fighting in the lower floors of buildings (not limited to building height of 24m)

? Spray water on neighboring buildings to cool down and prevent the fire from spreading

? Send water to the water pump adapter through the water pump adapter

? Water supply to the upper floors of buildings

The fire hydrant system referred to in the article refers not only to individual fire hydrants, but also to outdoor fire hydrants, pipes, valves and water supply facilities? Wait.

example 9:

8.1.7 when the external wall of a building is provided with a glass curtain wall or building materials that may fall off in case of fire, outdoor fire-fighting facilities such as water pump adapters and fire hydrants for fire fighting and rescue should be set in a relatively safe position at a certain distance from the external wall of the building or safety protection measures should be taken.

Article 8.1.7 of Article 9 is different from the current code. The current code considers that the distance between outdoor fire-fighting facilities such as water pump adapters and fire hydrants and the external wall of the building is generally 5m. Consider that when falling objects fall from the upper part of the building, it will not cause injuries and firefighters. Now consider the factors such as the wall of the building leaning outward. A certain distance from the external wall of the building? It is difficult to specify the specific number, so it is changed to a relatively safe position at a certain distance from the external wall of the building or safety protection measures are taken. Safety protection measures include setting up awnings and other measures. The purpose of specifying a relatively safe position is to prevent falling objects (including glass, billboards, neon lights, curtain walls and wall decoration materials? Wait).

Example 11:

8.3.8 The following places should be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, and water spray fire extinguishing system should be adopted:

1 The capacity of a single unit is 41MV? Oil-immersed power transformers in a and above factories and mines, with a single unit capacity of 91MV? Oil-immersed power transformers for power plants of A and above, with a single unit capacity of 125MV? Oil-immersed power transformers for independent substations of A and above;

2 the test site of the aircraft engine test bed;

3 high-voltage capacitor and multi-oil switch room which are set in high-rise civil buildings and can be filled with fuel.

note: water mist fire extinguishing system can be used for oil-immersed transformers, high-voltage capacitors filled with fuel oil and multi-oil switch rooms.

Article 8.3.8 of Example 11 differs in that a note is added, that is, the provisions that can be adopted for water mist fire extinguishing systems. This is the first time that water mist fire extinguishing systems have been listed in the Building Regulations and general standards. It not only indicates that the water mist fire extinguishing system has been approved, but also indicates that the future of the water mist fire extinguishing system is bumpy. Because there is no separate clause, it is just a note. But in retrospect, it's better to be on the list than not to be on the list. In any case, this is the first time that water mist has been included in the provisions of the Building Code, and it is also the first time that water mist has been affirmed in the fire protection master code. Water mist fire extinguishing system has more outstanding advantages than water spray fire extinguishing system, but the scope of application of this provision is narrow.

example 11:

8.