Accidental injuries to others, major disasters, infectious diseases, future changes in the ecosystem may cause disease outbreaks, and the Great Lakes region of Africa may become a breeding ground for cholera due to climate change.

If a resident living in a 20-story building drops a small object, it may also cause injury or death, thus constituting the crime of causing death by negligence or even intentional injury and intentional homicide (which is determined according to the subjective culpability and objective results), and of course, it may also constitute the crime of endangering the safety of the public **** by dangerous means.

If you throw garbage on the highway and pile up garbage bags on the railroad tracks, you may cause a major disaster at any time, and the perpetrator may also constitute the crime of endangering the safety of the public **** in a dangerous way, or destroying a traffic facility.

According to the current criminal law, the intentional disposal of toxic, radioactive, infectious agents and other substances in the public **** place, endangering the safety of the public ****, may violate the crime of placing dangerous substances. This dangerous possibility exists, for example, when someone discards a small animal that has suffered from an infectious disease or died of poisoning at home in a public **** dumpster.

Another danger of littering is the pollution of nature. Article 338 of China's criminal law provides for the crime of pollution of the environment, for violation of state regulations, the discharge, dumping or disposal of radioactive waste, waste containing infectious pathogens, toxic substances or other hazardous substances, serious pollution of the environment, shall be severely punished.

Expanded:

To coincide with the implementation of the National Environmental Protection Amendment of 2017, the Italian government will help residents to dispose of bulky discarded and hazardous items for free. Residents can entrust garbage disposal centers to pick up relevant discarded items at their homes, and it is prohibited to throw them away privately.

According to the environmental protection amendment, those who casually throw away garbage will be fined from 25 euros to 99 euros; those who throw debris outward from a car can be fined up to 422 euros; those who throw away tiny garbage, such as wastepaper and chewing gum, will be fined from 30 euros to 150 euros; and those who throw cigarette butts will be fined 300 euros.

CNN - Risk of legal liability for littering

CNN - Italy strengthens management of discarded goods and garbage, and littering can be criminalized