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Although it is often into the open business network! However, up to now, I am still very vague about the scope of the concept of the circulation industry! The interpretation of the circulation industry is too much! Said it includes what retail industry ah, wholesale industry ah and .......... But what it actually is I'm not very clear!
Read the book will have this feeling! Such as learning marketing, said marketing and includes logistics ah, financial ah, and anything else. Then learn logistics, and said logistics is not our understanding of the narrow sense of logistics, is to include other what what! In short, did not learn a what section, the feeling is that the researcher will be their own scope of this discipline is constantly expanding! Constantly exaggerating the importance of their own discipline! Really got me very fuzzy!
In fact, the categorization of these disciplines should be from their different perspectives of observing things! Then they all observe the same thing!
First, on the division of labor and definition of disciplines
Any discipline has a clear positioning, division of labor and functions, rather than a boundless hat. Therefore, you say "marketing and logistics ah, finance ah, and everything else", this is absolutely not true. Marketing is marketing, logistics is logistics, this is absolutely not together.
Only, between different disciplines, there is a certain attribution. For example, marketing and logistics, can be categorized under the management discipline. At the same time, there is a liaison between the disciplines, for example, the establishment of marketing channels should take into account the characteristics of logistics, but this is only a liaison, but can not say that marketing includes logistics. They are two completely different things.
Simply put, marketing is how to find ways to impress the buyer, to sell the product or service, to achieve business purposes. Camp, is to think of ways, marketing, is to sell. The key to this is "selling".
And logistics, mainly the flow of physical goods, including commodities. It emphasizes the "flow", that is, the physical transfer of goods. Think about it, the whole country or the world, every day, how many physical in the flow to and fro, this is a number of interesting and huge project ah. For example, when the United States fought Ithaca, it was logistics to move so many weapons, household goods, and other supplies, such as medical care, from all over the world in a limited amount of time.
Walmart wants to distribute the goods it purchases from South China to shopping malls all over the world, and how to do it quickly, cost-effectively, and accurately, and that's logistics. Coca-Cola wants to deliver the beverages it produces in Guangzhou to all parts of South China in a timely and error-free manner, and that's logistics.
Obviously, logistics is not marketing. When a company finds a buyer through marketing, the process of getting the product to the buyer is logistics. Marketing is more of a "way to sell things".
Second, the hierarchy of disciplines
Different disciplines are different levels, that is, high level and low level. The same is true of concepts, as well as industry.
Circulation is a wide range of industrial division, and it corresponds to the manufacturing industry and other large industrial division.
All industries can be categorized into three major industries, i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary. The tertiary sector is also known as the service sector. The service industry can be categorized from different perspectives, such as according to the service object can be divided into production services, living services, public **** services, etc., and at the same time, according to the classification of service products, such as intermediary services, education services, etc.. The circulation industry is classified according to the function of the service, it is the tertiary industry or service in the sub-classification.
Of course, the reference to the circulation industry is not consistent with that of foreign countries, which is related to the four links of production, circulation, distribution and consumption in the Chinese economic system. In the Western economic system, generally not so divided.
Third, the circulation industry of multiple meanings
Circulation industry, as the name suggests, is engaged in the flow of goods or services and trading industry. In other words, after the goods or services are produced from the enterprise, the whole process from the enterprise to the consumer, is the circulation. The former is production, the latter is consumption, and the middle is circulation.
In China, the circulation industry is divided into three categories: generalized, broad and narrow, selected according to need.
The narrow sense of the circulation industry only includes retailing, wholesaling and logistics.
The broader distribution industry includes retailing, wholesaling, logistics, catering, and tourism.
In addition to the above five sub-sectors, the circulation industry in a broad sense also includes the hotel industry, leisure and entertainment industry, auction industry, pawnbroking industry, thrift industry, monopoly industry.
In China's official statistics, the circulation industry currently only includes retail, wholesale and catering.
The logistics industry, which we are more concerned about, is currently a big problem in statistics, because it is really difficult to define the division of labor between the transportation industry and the logistics industry.
In the traditional statistical system, due to the "heavy production, light circulation", therefore, the understanding of the circulation and statistics are quite incomplete, therefore, to get accurate information on the circulation industry is almost impossible.
At the same time, because the circulation industry reflects the quality and level of the economy, the contribution of a city or region's GDP is not very obvious, so the current local *** to its importance of insufficient understanding.
Here is some theoretical knowledge, commodity circulation.
I. Explanation of terms.
1. Scale of commodity circulation
In terms of the circulation of commodity value, the scale of commodity circulation refers to a certain period of time the total amount of commodity exchange or the total amount of commodity buying and selling (the scale of commercial flow); in terms of the circulation of commodity use value, it refers to a certain period of time the turnover of commodities.
2. Circulation possibility boundary
refers to a certain period of time when all the production into the field of circulation scale, that is, the theoretical scale of commodity circulation.
3. Commodity circulation capacity
Commodity circulation capacity refers to the quantity and quality of social labor occupied in the field of commodity circulation in a certain period.
4. Commodity circulation channels
Commodity circulation channels refers to the process of commodity circulation by commodity producers, distributors and consumers, such as the composition of the circulation institutions of the organizational series.
5. Commodity distribution dominance
Commodity distribution dominance refers to the control of commodity distribution channels, and make the channel on the composition of their own marketing strategy.
6. The main channel of commodity circulation
The traditional main channel refers to the state-owned commodity circulation enterprises; the real main channel refers to the realization of more than 50% of the volume of commodity circulation of the enterprise group (for a particular type of commodity).
7. Commodity circulation links
Commodity circulation links refers to the process of commodity circulation, due to the transfer of ownership of commodities and the movement of commodity entities and a number of transit stations.
8. Commodity circulation market system
Commodity circulation market system refers to the market system and its role in the scope of the constraints and influence on commodity circulation activities.
9. Market
The original market refers to the lack of a fixed time and a fixed place for the occasional exchange of goods. Narrow meaning refers to the place where goods are exchanged. Multiple meanings include (1) the market is the place of commodity exchange; (2) the market is the field of commodity circulation; (3) the market is the sum of commodity exchange and commodity buying and selling relations; (4) the market is the link of economic contacts between producers.
10. regional market
Regional market is to economic contacts and market transactions to the scope of the formation of a larger space of the market, by the economic region inherent in the economic forces of the organic organization.
Second, short answer.
1. What is the scale of business flow and the scale of logistics respectively?
(1) the scale of business flow: the total value of social commodity sales, can be used to indicate the total retail sales of social commodities, total exports of goods, total sales of means of production. (2) the scale of logistics: macro view of the flow of goods, available freight volume, freight turnover to indicate that the freight turnover is more appropriate.
2. The actual scale of commodity circulation is smaller than the theoretical scale of the reasons
After the production of products, not all into circulation, the formation of "product precipitation". That is, the average rate of production and sales of social products is always less than 1.
3. The reasons for the precipitation of products
(1) selling: the buyer to give the price is lower than the normal price or the equilibrium price; expected price increases. (2) stagnant sales: no buyer stagnant sales; can not find a buyer stagnant sales. (3) Normal reserves: the level of normal reserves is also determined by the development of the distribution industry. (4) their own consumption: such as agricultural products.
4. Factors Determining the Scale of Commodity Circulation
The factors determining the scale of commodity circulation are production capacity, circulation capacity and consumption capacity. In different periods, different factors play a dominant role.
5. Evaluation indexes of the capacity of commodity circulation
(1) the number of commodity circulation institutions and personnel; (2) the quantity and quality of commodity circulation infrastructure, devices; (3) the regional distribution of commodity circulation institutions and outlets set up; (4) the level of operation and management of the commodity circulation enterprises, the quality of the personnel, the level of circulation technology; (5) the amount of funds occupied in the area of commodity circulation and the difficulty of financing.
6. The connotation of circulation force
Circulation force is the circulation of productivity. Circulation productivity should be the ability of society to transport products to the field of consumption (including life and production). Specifically, it is in a certain period of time spent in the circulation of live labor and material labor and has been transferred to the field of consumption of products between the number of comparative relationship. The less live and materialized labor is spent, the more products are transferred to the field of consumption, the greater the circulation productivity, and vice versa, the smaller it is.
7. Characteristics of commodity circulation channels
(1) The commodity circulation channels are composed of various types of institutions, organizations and people involved in the process of commodity exchange, each of which is a member of the channel. (2) Through the organized activities of these institutions, commodities can be transferred from the field of production to the field of consumption. (3) The starting point of a commodity distribution channel is the producer and the end point is the user or individual consumer. (4) When commodities are transferred from the field of production to the field of consumption, the ownership of commodities must be transferred at least once, through which the business objectives of the enterprise can be realized.
8. Types of dominance in the distribution of goods
Producer dominance, wholesaler dominance, retailer dominance and consumer dominance.
9. The method of obtaining the dominant power of commodity circulation
(1) the method of vertical union, that is, the various links in the circulation channel are united. (2) Circulation serialization method, that is, the commodity distribution industry to choose with their own special cooperation manufacturers or intermediaries, constitute their own distribution channel method. Including the contract method and investment method. The contract method is now more talk about the strategic alliance, partnership; investment method is mutual equity participation, belonging to the asset bond relationship.
10. Functions of the main channel of commodity circulation
The functions of the main channel are to ensure market stability, behavioral orientation, improve the scale efficiency of commodity circulation and reduce management costs.
11. Commodity distribution main channel selection basis
To have a large market share; to have standardized business practices; to have an effective form of organization.
12. The basic concept of building the main channel of commodity circulation
The criteria for determining the members of the main channel should not be the nature of the enterprise, and those who meet the conditions can become the main channel, regardless of whether they are state-owned or non-state-owned distribution enterprises; reduce the number of members of the main channel, the number of members of the main channel is inversely proportional to the effectiveness of the management; the type of members of the main channel includes large-scale distribution enterprises, large-scale production enterprises, or large-scale industrial and commercial joint ventures; the main channel members include large distribution enterprises, large-scale production enterprises, or large-scale industrial and commercial joint ventures. or large industrial and commercial joint venture; a number of policies of the main channel.
13. Types of circulation links
Commodity business link (business link), the number of commodity business link, to adapt to the characteristics of commodity production and consumption, can not be generalized that more links is good, or less links is good; commodity transit link (logistics link), the number of commodity business link, to adapt to the characteristics of commodity production and consumption, can not be generalized that more links is good, or less links is good. The number of links should be adapted to the characteristics of commodity production and consumption. Circulation link should be the principle of saving logistics costs.
14. Methods of rationalization of commodity circulation
(1) to carry out network planning of commodity circulation; (2) to establish and improve the information system of commodity circulation; (3) to eliminate the power economy; (4) the promotion and introduction of advanced logistics technology and management methods.
15. The significance of the rationalization of commodity circulation link
On the macro view, it is the key to adjust the industrial structure of the city or region, optimize the allocation of resources in the city, and improve the speed of development of the industry; on the micro view, it is related to the operation and management of the enterprise, that is, how the enterprise chooses its own circulation channel.
16. The main circulation links of agricultural products
(1) agricultural products distribution companies; (2) agricultural products logistics and distribution centers; (3) agricultural products wholesale markets; (4) agricultural products retail links; (5) agricultural products distribution companies.
17. The main functions of agricultural products distribution companies
Agricultural products distribution companies are professional wholesalers engaged in the circulation of agricultural products, and are the main channel for agricultural products to enter the Beijing market in the future. Its main functions are (1) intensive function: centralized purchase, reduce the number of transactions, simplify the circulation links, reduce the cost of circulation of agricultural products. (2) Gateway function: blocking the important gateway for agricultural products that are toxic, harmful and affect the public's health to enter the retail market. (3) Standardization function: to propose acquisition standards such as quality and safety of agricultural products. (4) Guidance function: timely feedback to producers of agricultural supply and demand information and price information, etc., the development of order agriculture.
18. Types of agricultural logistics distribution centers
Agricultural logistics distribution centers are logistics hubs for the circulation of agricultural products, undertaking processing, distribution, storage, transportation and other functions. Its main types are ① agricultural distribution company set up logistics distribution center. Mainly for the company's customers to provide logistics and distribution services for agricultural products. ② chain group set up logistics distribution centers. Mainly for the chain group of supermarkets, chain stores to provide logistics and distribution services. ③ Third-party logistics distribution center. Mainly for small and medium-sized supermarkets or other customers who have not set up logistics distribution centers to provide specialized logistics distribution services.
19. Agricultural products site selection program
① within or near the wholesale market of agricultural products. ② Agricultural products near the production base. ③ planning to determine the specialized logistics distribution area.
20. The main functions of the wholesale market for agricultural products
The wholesale market is the basic channel for agricultural products from the recent production areas (including the suburbs of Beijing) to enter the downtown area of Beijing. The main functions are (1) collection and distribution function: the origin of agricultural products to Beijing in the concentration here, and then transported to the urban retail market. (2) Gateway function: all agricultural products entering the wholesale market must be inspected. (3) Standardized function: agricultural products entering the wholesale market should be graded and packaged standardized products. (4) Vehicle interception function: the transportation of agricultural products into the Beijing Municipal District of large vehicles intercepted outside the city center.
21. The basic classification of the market system
According to the formation process of the market: (1) underdeveloped market: the original germinal state of the market; (2) underdeveloped market: under the conditions of the underdeveloped commodity economy of the market; (3) the more developed market: the developed market under the conditions of the commodity economy.
According to the attributes of commodities according to the order of commodity circulation can be divided into wholesale market and retail market.
According to the transaction mode can be divided into spot market and futures market.
According to the circulation space can be divided into rural market, urban market, regional market, domestic market and international market.
According to the different degrees of competition in the market: the market is divided into a fully competitive market, a fully monopolized market, a monopolistically competitive market, and an oligopolistic market.
According to the market commodity transactions involved in the supply and demand sides of the power contrast to points, the market can be divided into seller's market, buyer's market and equilibrium market.
Third, thesis statement.
1. The relationship between the ability of commodity circulation and urban development
The city is the center of business flow, logistics, information flow, capital flow and human flow; the more developed the circulation, the more prosperous the city, the more competitive, vitality and radiation. A city's core competitiveness = productivity × circulation. Under the condition of relatively stable production, circulation power becomes the determining factor. Circulation force less than 1, not only the local production capacity can not be realized, and internal and external exchanges blocked, which greatly weakened the competitiveness of the city; circulation force is greater than 1, not only can make up for the lack of local production capacity, and through the promotion of internal and external exchanges, complement each other's strengths, the combination of configurations, which can greatly improve the city's radiation and influence. The development of urban economy relies on the general appreciation of factors such as land, property, labor and infrastructure brought about by business prosperity. The development of a city should not only pay attention to the development of production, but also must pay attention to the investment and cultivation of circulation force. Therefore, the modern circulation industry developed or not has become one of the important symbols to measure the level of economic development of a city.
2. Commodity circulation channels on the impact of commodity circulation
(1) the diversification of the form of commodity circulation channels, on the social needs of a variety of commodities can be successfully and economically complete the circulation process has a decisive impact. (2) The length of the commodity circulation channels, the circulation of commodities has an important impact on the time, the scope of circulation. (3) The width of commodity circulation channels, the flow of commodities, flow and flow rate will have an important impact. 14. What is the length and width of commodity circulation channels? A: The length of the commodity distribution channel refers to the number of institutions or links in the circulation of a commodity through the process. Wide and narrow channels of distribution of goods refers to the number of circulation organizations operating the same type of goods.
3. Influencing factors for the selection of commodity distribution channels
(1) commodity factors. If the commodity perishable, perishable, suitable for direct circulation channels; if the volume and weight of the commodity bulky, suitable for direct circulation channels; if the commodity technology and service requirements are high, suitable for direct channels; if the degree of commodity standardization is low, suitable for direct channels. (2) Market factors. If the nature of the market is the market for means of production, the circulation channel is generally shorter; if the market capacity is large, it is suitable for indirect circulation channel; if the market is wide geographically, it is suitable for indirect circulation channel. (3) Producer factors. Including the producer's circulation policy, whether it is willing to control the circulation channel. (4) Circulators' factors. It is mainly the circulator's pursuit of scale efficiency. (5) Consumer factors. Such as buying habits, changes in lifestyle.
4. The content of the commodity market and factor market
(1) Commodity market: the commodity market is the earliest market in the development of the market system; the commodity market is the basis for the development and formation of the market system. The commodity market plays a decisive role in the operation of the market system. Commodity market can be divided into consumer goods market and means of production market. Consumer goods market refers to the market for the means of living or final products; the market for the means of production refers to the market for the provision of the means of production to satisfy the consumption of production. According to the different purchase characteristics of the consumer goods market, the consumer goods market can be divided into daily-use consumer goods market, consumer goods market, high-grade durable consumer goods market.
(2) factor market: refers to the market formed by the circulation of factors of production. Including the labor market, financial market, technology market, information market, real estate market and so on. Financial market: the financial market is the supply and demand for funds to use financial instruments, to take a variety of financing methods to carry out independent trading activities, the realization of the place of capital financing, is the sum of the economic relationship between the creditors and debtors of funds. The labor market is a place for the circulation and exchange of labor. Financial market is an important part of the market system, is the hub of all kinds of market execution. The financial market is adapted to the requirements of the development of the commodity economy and the emergence and development of the credit system is the product of the high degree of development. Financial markets include the following: interbank lending market, treasury bond market, corporate bond market, stock market and so on. Technology market refers to the place of transferring technical commodities in the form of knowledge, which is the sum of technical exchange relations reflecting commercialization. The trading activities of the technology market include technology transfer, technology introduction, technology contracting, technology consulting and technology training. The information market refers to the sum of exchange relations of information as commodities in accordance with the principle of equivalence. Such as economic information center, science and technology information center, information service center. Real estate market property and land sales, exchanges, leases, auctions, mortgages and other trading activities of the place and the sum of economic relations. The main forms of real estate transactions are sale, lease, swap, mortgage.
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I hope my answer can satisfy you~
What is the steel distribution industry PMI1?PMI is one of the internationally accepted macroeconomic monitoring indicator system, purchasing managers index involves the manufacturing industry, the service industry, the construction industry, some countries to take the manufacturing industry, non-manufacturing industry classification. The non-manufacturing PMI does not have a comprehensive index, usually with the business activity status index to reflect the overall changes in the non-manufacturing economy and the production and supply situation. Therefore, the PMI index for the steel distribution industry is based on business activity (total business = sales volume) as the total index.
The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) often uses 50% as a cut-off point for economic strength: when the index is above 50%, it signals economic expansion. When the index is lower than 50%, especially when it is very close to 40%, there is a fear of contraction and depression. LGSC-PMI is higher than 50%, reflecting the rising prosperity of the steel distribution industry; lower than 50%, reflecting the downturn of the industry.
1 LangeSteel.com investigated the steel circulation industry purchasing managers' index (LGSC-PMI) as the main citation for evaluating the state of the steel industry's prosperity.
What do you mean by circulation industry generationIndustry generation: business representatives. Businesses are generally divided into direct business generation and distribution business generation. Respectively responsible for the management of the directly operated stores and dealers.
Circulation: generally refers to logistics.
Circulation industry on behalf of: circulation business representatives.
Circulation salesman is
Circulation salesman is to face the lower line of dealers, that is, you have to face the terminal market, go down with the car and the regional dealers in charge of your communication.
A monthly plan: the company's overall goals and plans, combined with last month's data analysis of the sales situation, to make the month's products, promotions, displays, competing strategies for the work of the plan, and the plan is subdivided into each brand, each barcode, each customer, the monthly sales task allocation.
2. Weekly plan:
1, according to the month's work plan and last week's visit to get the actual situation, to arrange for this week's visit, and check the frequency of visits to meet the needs of customers. Every Saturday afternoon back to the company meeting time to report to the company. (Key stores shall not be visited less than three times a week, should be visited every other day; general stores shall not be visited less than once a week)
3. daily plan: the end of the day's visit to the end of the work of the company informed of the key emergencies, and in accordance with the week's visit plan, combined with the actual situation of the work (store's demand for goods time, important matters to be dealt with, the store's requirements, the store's related personnel) to arrange for the next day's visit Arrange the next day's visit plan. For the weekly arrangement of the visit plan do not arbitrarily change, distinguish the priorities of the matter to be dealt with, so that the plan is greater than the change.
Second, vivid display 1. display: strive for stores in the good (customer flow direction from the end of the shelf) display position, strive for shelves on the good (1.4 - 1.7 meters) display level, more and more large display surface. Display state should be greater than competitors and better than competitors. Keep the goods on the shelves easy to distinguish, easy to recognize, centralized display, rich merchandise, product outward, first-in-first-out, clean and tidy, no residual, inferior, pollution and damaged goods. Key recommended products, new products and promotional products account for the best display position, and the single product display surface shall not be less than three.
2. Price tag: all products have the corresponding price tag, price tag to correctly reflect the product price, price tag should be clear and eye-catching. Special attention to the starting and ending date of the special goods, the price tag timely replacement.
3. Vividization tools: strive for the opportunity to set up vivid tools, such as hanging strips, POP, round paper, product labels, etc., to the customer is easy to see the place. Vividization tools and point-of-sale advertisements have to be maintained in a timely manner. Check whether it is intact, clean, old, timely replacement.
Third, clean up inventory According to the recent sales situation, to maintain a safe inventory of each bar code of the customer. Each barcode according to the type, brand, flavor, price sequential inventory count, check the shelves whether there is off-sale or large inventory of goods, according to the situation has been to determine whether there is still stock, ask the store whether there is still stock, will be placed in the warehouse, cardboard boxes or other inconspicuous place of goods to get the shelves to the eye-catching location and the customer is easy to get to the place where the display, to help customers to digest the large inventory as soon as possible.
Fourth, the sale of products
According to the product's existing inventory and the recent average daily sales, the number of rows on the shelves, visit interval, promotional activities, seasonal and other factors to arrange a comprehensive safety stock, to the customer proposed order. Handle the store's objections about poor sales, large inventory, and so on, fully utilizing sales information, profit contribution to the customer, ranking in the peer group, and promotional activities to support the persuasive approach.
In terms of inventory arrangement, it is necessary to ensure that the items are complete and not in stock during the next visit. Adopt the principle of 1.3 times order quantity.
The current order quantity = (last inventory + last order quantity - current inventory) × 1.3 - the current inventory V. Promotional activities and implementation of the plan
The company requires the implementation of the promotional activities: according to the company's inventory and manufacturers to support the application of the corresponding channels of the monthly planning promotional programs, accounting audit, general manager approval and implementation. The general manager to approve the implementation.
Special customer support promotions: understand the purpose and impact of promotional activities, budget the personnel/materials/expenses required and other support needed by the company, compare the support and inputs that the customer will give our company to determine the reasonableness of the company to fill out the promotional application form, approved by the auditor to the store feedback information and strict supervision of the implementation of the premise that not to disrupt the interests of other customers. The company does not give auditing. The company does not give the audit of the situation, to the store personnel to apologize, explain the situation.
What is the difference between retail and distribution?Retail should be part of the circulation industry, the scope of the circulation industry is much larger than the retail industry, for example: wholesale, transportation, warehousing, information services, distribution of financial services, etc. are all part of the circulation industry, while the retail industry is a relatively small scope, mainly including a variety of different formats, such as hypermarkets, convenience stores, department stores, e-commerce and so on.
The formal term for "logistics industry" should be:
Logistics Industry
Is Shunheida's ERP suitable for the distribution industry?Yes, Shunhoda ERP is suitable for both manufacturing and distribution industries.
What is the Japanese word for "distribution industry"?The middle of the producer and consumer of goods, the intermediary's service cuts, and the industry. Unloading 売業? Small sales industry of the ほか, transportation industry? Warehouse industryなども含む。 (Dictionary of the National Language)
The intermediary role between producers and consumers, including loading and unloading, retailing, transportation, warehousing, etc.
The distribution industry is completely competitive.
Is the distribution industry a perfectly competitive industryDistribution industry? That industry
Commodities in circulation in several links, logistics, primary agents, secondary distribution, retail terminals, etc.;
Now, in addition to the emerging industry, there would not have been many people can say clearly, we are groping for, in addition to monopoly industries, basically the other are completely competitive, the spell is the service