1869 Jamshetji founded the first cotton mill in central India. At that time, in order to save money, I bought low-priced equipment from England. As a result, the yarn produced was of poor quality and difficult to sell, and closed down two years later. He quickly learned from his failure and established a modern textile factory in the cotton-producing area of Nagebo province. He and his friends raised 6.5438+0.5 million rupees and introduced the latest equipment from the United States, which was more advanced than the equipment of Lancashire Textile Center in England at that time. 1 877 65438+1October1,the textile factory named China-India Textile Manufacturing Company was officially put into production. Jamshetji implements a capitalist production management system in this factory, and implements technical and labor welfare measures that India has never had before. He was the first in India to implement the eight-hour working system for workers, the first to pay wages on holidays, the first to implement pensions and the first to implement dividends. As a result, the average annual profit rate of this factory reached 20% in the first 18 years, which accumulated funds for Tata to further expand its industrial investment.

1885, Nuther Wanji died, and Jamsheji officially became the head of the Tata family. He founded Swadi Textile Factory in 1886 and the world-famous Taj Mahal Hotel in 1898. Taj Mahal Hotel is one of the top ten hotels in the world. By the end of 19, the Tata family had become the richest man in India.

According to the successful experience of western developed countries, Jamsheji believes that India's industrialization must rely on steel, electricity and technology. Steel is the mother of heavy industry, electricity can provide cheap energy, and technology can drive production. /kloc-at the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, Jamshetji set out to build a steel plant. He tried to raise money while studying abroad. At first, he borrowed money from the British colonial authorities, but it was rejected. He also sought help from German and American companies, which promised to provide technicians and equipment respectively, but neither agreed to provide loans. From 65438 to 0904, Jamshetji died of illness while raising money in Germany. The task of building a factory fell on the shoulders of his two sons, Durab and Ratan, and his nephew, R.D. Tata.

Foreigners claimed that India could not produce steel and refused to lend money, so Durab turned to villagers in Mumbai to raise money. It happened that India set off a campaign to boycott foreign goods. They took advantage of this opportunity to quickly issue steel mill shares worth 6.5438+0.68 million pounds to 8,000 investors. Tata soon issued another 4 million pounds of bonds. At the same time, they sought the opinions of experts, and after geological investigation and demonstration, they decided to locate the site in a jungle in Baihaba Province. In memory of the founder Jamsheteji, they named the land Jamshepur.

1907, Tata steel company was finally established, with an initial capital of 20 million rupees and 9,000 employees, with an annual output of 0/60,000 tons of iron and 0/0,000 tons of steel. 19 14 when the first world war broke out, the British colonial authorities needed a lot of rails and steel to be transported to the battlefields in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Palestine and East Africa, and began to order from Tata Steel Works. During the war, Tata Steel Factory sold 65,438+0,500 miles of rails and nearly 300,000 tons of steel, with a profit of 23.509 million rupees.

After the war, Tata Steel Works faced dumping from European and American steel companies. By 1924, Tata steel was almost on the verge of bankruptcy, and even wages could not be paid. Undaunted by the crisis, Durab got a loan of Rs. 100000 from the Imperial Bank of India with personal property and his wife's jewelry worth rupees. 100000 as collateral, and finally the steel mill turned losses into profits. Later, because Nehru and the Indian National Congress tried hard to negotiate with the British colonial authorities, they were forced to agree to India's tariff protection on imported steel and ordered the railway tracks of Tata Steel for three years. In this struggle for existence, although none of the workers were laid off, the shareholders did not get dividends for 13 years 12 years.

In the early 1930s, due to Japan's entry into the competition, Tata Steel established friendly relations with British Steel Company, and the two sides reached an agreement that Tata Steel transported steel to Britain for tin plating, and then exported it to India to enjoy low tariff treatment. Later, Tata set up its own tinplate factory. By 1933, the output of Tata steel plate reached 427,000 tons, accounting for 72% of the domestic market supply. At the end of 1930s, steel output rose to 600,000-700,000 tons, occupying a monopoly position in Indian steel market. While running the steel plant well, Durab also inherited his father's will and founded Tata Hydropower Company on 19 10, which was the first hydropower station in India at that time. A few years later, Andhra Valley Power Company and Tata Power Company were established one after another to take on the heavy responsibility of industrial and lighting electricity consumption in Mumbai and even all India. Durab said: making a fortune is my second goal in life, and improving the industrial and knowledge conditions of our people is my first unchanging wish. He believes that only hydropower can make Mumbai a smoke-free city. By the 1960s, Tata Power System had three hydropower stations and four thermal power stations, generating 606 MW, which basically met the demand of Mumbai and realized Durab's wish.

Durab also set up a cement company in 19 13, developed a coal mine and set up a central bank in partnership with others. 19 17 the Tata family introduced the British manager bank system and founded the first manager bank Tata sons company.

Durab died on 1932, and his younger brother Ratan died on 19 18. They have no children under their knees. The Tata family is descended from the R.D. Tata family. When R D Tata was doing business in France, he married a French girl, Suni. They have five children. The eldest son, J.R.D. Tata, became the third generation descendant of the Tata family and the most talented entrepreneur in the whole Tata family. He is the founder of Tata consortium today. J R D Tata, full name Zhanhange Ratanji Dabahai Tata, was born in 1904 and went to school in France as a child. Neighbor Louis is a legendary French pilot, who is famous for 1909 being the first to fly across the English Channel. The plane is parked on the beach next to the house for tourists to watch. Little J.R.D Tata is even more fascinated and determined to fly in the blue sky like Louis when he grows up. 1923, 10, 19 In June, J R D Tata took an English class with an English teacher and prepared to apply for Cambridge University. Unexpectedly, before the tutorial period has passed, France issued a decree that all young men over 20 must perform military service. Therefore, instead of going to college, he served in the French army. After the expiration of one year, he hopes to stay in the army for a longer period of time and take officer courses. But his father disagreed and insisted that he go back to Mumbai to work for Tata Enterprises. Shortly after he returned to Mumbai, his former troops were transferred to Morocco to fight. Ambush by the enemy, no one lives. Although he thanked his father for calling him back to Mumbai, he still complained that his father didn't let him go to Cambridge University. His father thought that the degree was not important to the Tata family, and he regretted not going to Cambridge University all his life.

From 65438 to 0925, J.R.D. Tata served as assistant to the general manager of Tata Steel. His father said to Peterson, the general manager, I hope you will take care of my son more. Peterson put a table for J.R.D Tata in the corner of his office. Since then, every official document submitted to the general manager has passed through the hands of J.R.D. Tata, and every document wholesale by the general manager has been issued by J.R.D. Tata after reading it. Important conversations were also recorded by J.R.D Tata. In this way, J.R.D Tata learned a lot from Peterson, which had a great influence on his future career development.

1926, his father sent him to Tata steel works as an intern. At that time, his father was 70 years old and decided to go to Paris for the summer vacation with other children. One Saturday, his father was dancing with his daughter Sheila when he suddenly had a heart attack and fell to the ground and died. At the age of 22, J.R.D. Tata became the head of the family and began to inherit his father's position as the managing director of Tata Steel. During this period, he still loved flying. He just turned 24 and won India's first commercial driver's license with the first place. 1932, he bought two single-engine planes from England. 10 On June 5th, he made the first postal flight from Karachi to Mumbai via Ahmedabad, which marked the beginning of Air India. From then on, he began to form Tata Airlines. In the first year of opening, the company made a profit of 6,543,800,000 rupees. In the second year, the flight has reached the punctuality rate of 100%, while the punctuality rate of another imperial airline is only 80%. Starting from 1946, Tata Airlines was changed to air india, and the passenger transport business was jointly operated by the government, with the Tata family holding 40% of the shares. From 65438 to 0953, J.R.D. Tata was the chairman of air india. Until he was 82 years old, he was still able to fly by himself, and his love for flying remained undiminished. 1938, the chairman of Tata steel company, Nong Nuji, died suddenly on his way to Europe on business, and 34-year-old J R D Tata officially became the head of Tata consortium. In addition to maintaining the fine tradition of the Tata family, he also made bold innovations in business management, from family rule to professional management. At that time, there were few Indian enterprises that were not managed by family members. He showed extraordinary foresight and superhuman courage. He only served as the chairman of Tata Steel and Tata Sons, and gave the chairman positions of textile companies, power companies and other companies to others. He thinks that if he is the chairman of all these companies, he will have to hold board meetings all day instead of doing some groundbreaking work. In addition, he also hired the most talented legal experts, economists, financial experts and professional technical management personnel to work in Tata, which fully reflected his guiding ideology of meritocracy. Under the management of these talents, Tata Group continues to grow and develop. By the end of 1993, the total assets of 13 large companies in the consortium were US$ 4.478 billion, with a total output value of US$ 4.466 billion, and they always maintained the status of the first consortium in India.

J.R.D. Tata has been adhering to the legacy of Jamshetji, the founder of the consortium, and supporting the development of science education. After the outbreak of World War II, Indian atomic scientist Homi returned to India after graduating from Cambridge University. At the age of 3/kloc-0, he was elected as an academician of the Royal Academy of Sciences and studied cosmic rays at the Bangalore Institute of Science. 1943, he wrote to J.R.D. Tata for financial support, and J.R.D. Tata said that he would be assisted by the Tata Trust Fund. 1945 In June, Tata Institute of Basic Physics was formally established, and then Trombo Institute of Atomic Energy was established. It has become the cradle of India's atomic energy program. Since the 1960s, J.R.D Tata has actively expanded abroad and made great achievements in the international market. He first broke into the international consulting service market. Tata Consulting Engineering Co., Ltd. was established in 1968, and its consulting business scope includes technical and economic feasibility study of telephone, chemical industry, fertilizer, agriculture, medicine, science and technology, as well as detailed project report, project site selection, complete design, construction supervision and personnel training. The company has 1000 engineers and construction experts, and foreign business accounts for133 of the company's income. Tata Consulting Services is the second consulting company established by J.R.D. Tata, which provides the latest technical consultation on enterprise organization, market research and management. Experts 1300, mostly doctors and masters from famous universities and research institutes in Europe, America and India. Their academic background and working experience in large international companies make it a unique think tank in India. World Bank, Ford Foundation, etc. The company is often asked to provide research reports on India. Since 197 1 year, it has completed 150 consultations for 75 institutions in 24 countries, including Britain and the United States. The foreign income of 1983 is $6 million. 195 The export of software consulting services earned 90 million US dollars, accounting for 12% of the national software export revenue.

While establishing a consulting company, J R D Tata also noticed the attractive prospect of the development of the computer industry. At that time, IBM had established a solid market in India, and J R D Tata dared to enter the computer field and compete with foreign big companies. It established Tata-Burroughs Computer Company in cooperation with Burroughs Company in Detroit, USA. In addition to manufacturing computer hardware, it also compiles software and exports it to Burroughs. Shortly after its establishment, the company established a leading position in technology and market. In the early 1960s, Tata also established Tata-Elksey Computer Company in Singapore together with Elksey International Company and Singapore Development Bank, which quickly entered the computer market in Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand, the Middle East and China.

In addition, J R D Tata has also entered the international market in the export of complete sets of equipment, palm oil and commercial vehicles. Tata consortium has become one of the largest multinational groups in the third world.

J.R.D Tata has struggled for half a century as an industrialist, the founder of Air India, an economic analyst, a social critic and the founder of the Institute of Science, Culture and Management. He is a man of great foresight. Prime Minister Nehru gave priority to the development of heavy industry, criticized the Soviet model and advocated economic liberalization. He is a supporter of India's economic reform. He has made great contributions to the development of Tata consortium and even the whole Indian industry. As he grew older, J.R.D. Tata began to consider his successor. 1980 was hospitalized for angina pectoris, which further increased his sense of urgency in finding a successor. The following year, he appointed his nephew Ratan Tata as the chairman of Tata Industries, making him the second person in the group. 1991On March 25th, he officially resigned as the chairman of Tata sons. Ladin Tata is the fourth generation descendant of Tata consortium. 1993165438+1On October 29th, J R D Tata died in a nursing home in Switzerland at the age of 89. According to his last words, he was buried in the family cemetery in Paris, where his parents and two younger brothers were buried. The Indian President, Prime Minister and business circles all expressed their deep condolences for his death. Prime Minister Rao spoke highly of him: J.R.D Tata's glorious life left a mark of human struggle. (1996, Professor Zhang —— Professor of Peking University Institute of International Relations. Monograph "Pearl of Ganges River-Tata" and thesis "The Road to Success of Tata Enterprise Group". In August, 2007, the book "India Tata Group-A Successful Model of Emerging Markets" was published.