Geographical explanation of the distribution of eight major cuisines;
(1) position
As an important symbol of China traditional culture, the eight major cuisines have a long history. Most of the ancient feudal dynasties in China were distributed in the Central Plains, which was the only place for cultural communication between East, West, North and South, and also the main area for cultural blending and collision among various ethnic groups and regions. Therefore, food culture will also absorb all aspects of culture, become a "hodgepodge" and lose its due characteristics. However, the distribution areas of the eight major cuisines are mostly located in remote areas of the feudal dynasty, with backward economy and inconvenient transportation, which is less affected by foreign food culture. Therefore, the formation and inheritance of local food culture can maintain its regional characteristics. Moreover, the coastal areas are rich in raw materials such as aquatic products, which can form a diet style different from that of inland areas.
(2) topography
The distribution areas of the eight major cuisines are mostly hilly and mountainous areas, and the distribution area of Sichuan cuisine is the closed Sichuan Basin. On the one hand, mountainous areas are influenced by zonal and non-zonal factors, forming a complex three-dimensional climate. As far as a mountain is concerned, climate change is affected by altitude, slope direction and underlying surface conditions. Generally, for every 65,438+000m increase, the annual average temperature will drop by 0.565,438+0℃, and the accumulated temperature ≥ 65,438+00℃ will drop by 65,440. Precipitation tends to decrease in a certain height range. Therefore, the mountainous area has the climatic characteristics of hot valley, warm hill, Liangshan and Hanshan. Moreover, there are differences in light, heat and water conditions between sunny slopes and shady slopes, and there are also differences in precipitation conditions between windward slopes and leeward slopes in mountainous and hilly areas, which is conducive to the growth of various animals and plants. In addition, there are many rivers in mountainous areas, which are also conducive to the growth of a variety of aquatic animals and plants, and provide rich ingredients for the formation of the eight major cuisines. On the other hand, the rugged and closed terrain is also the main factor restricting the development of traffic, which makes the communication between these areas and the outside world less, and the cooking methods of food are less influenced by foreign cultures. Moreover, the intensity of human activities in mountainous areas is small, and the growth environment of animals and plants is less affected by human activities. The growth of animals and plants can maintain their original quality, which has become an important reason for the unique characteristics of these cuisines. The regional differences between plain and plateau areas are small, the diversity of animals and plants is small, and the types of ingredients are single. Moreover, the transportation in these areas is relatively convenient, and the integration and exchange of different cultures are frequent, so it is difficult to form local characteristics.
(3) Climate
From the climate point of view, the distribution areas of the eight major cuisines are all located in the monsoon climate zone in eastern China. It is hot in summer and warm in winter, with four distinct seasons and developed monsoon. The average temperature in the hottest month is generally higher than 22℃, the average temperature in Leng Yue is between 1- 15℃, the annual precipitation is above 150- 1000mm, and the summer precipitation accounts for 70% of the whole year. [] and hydrothermal conditions are well matched. On the one hand, crops in these areas can reach two crops a year or three crops every two years, with high annual land output and abundant food and edible materials. On the other hand, it also provides superior climatic conditions for the growth of various ingredients, and also provides good conditions for the production and storage of food. However, due to the limitation of heat and precipitation, the vast northwest, Qinghai-Tibet and northern regions of China are relatively lacking in ingredients and varieties, making it difficult to form a unique food culture.
Different geographical environments have given birth to different regional food cultures. Geographical location, climate and topography are the basis for the formation of geographical environment, regional differences in environment and food culture with different regional characteristics. China has a vast territory, which has formed a very different natural geographical environment, and at the same time, it has nurtured China's food culture.