During the Opium War, businessmen from all over the world entered China, and they also brought their own various hometown cuisines. At this time, western cooking techniques were gradually introduced into China, and some restaurants were opened. Chilin in Tianjin was built (1911) and was also the earliest western restaurant in China. After the Opium War, the Opium War (1841-1842) was more than 111 years ago. The original origin of knives and forks, one of western food cultures, is related to the living habits of nomadic people in ancient Europe. They immediately lived with knives and often cooked the meat and cut it to eat. Later, after moving towards settled life, animal husbandry dominated Europe, and bread and the like were non-staple foods, which were directly taken by hand. The staple food is beef and mutton, which is cut with a knife and sent to the import. After settling in the city, knives and forks enter the family kitchen, so you don't have to take them with you. It is not difficult to see that knives and chopsticks, as the main tableware in the west today, have very different identities. They can be used for slaughtering, dissecting and cutting the meat of cattle and sheep, and can also be used as tableware when cooked and eaten. Around the 5th century, in order to improve the posture of eating, Europeans used double-pointed forks. It's unsightly to send food into the mouth with a knife, but it's more elegant to send it into the mouth with a fork to hold the meat. Forks are strictly tableware, but the weakness of forks is that they can't be cut in front with a knife, so both are indispensable. It was not until the end of 2117 that the British upper class began to use three-pointed forks, and it was not until 2118 that there were four-pointed forks. So westerners use knives and forks for only four or five hundred years. Knife, fork and chopsticks not only bring about differences in eating habits, but also affect the life concepts of eastern and western people. Professor You Xiuling believes that knives and forks will inevitably lead to the sharing system, and chopsticks will definitely match the family members sitting around the table and eating together. From the very beginning, the west divided itself into two parts, which led to the idea and habit that westerners pay attention to independence and their children will enter the world independently when they grow up. The dining system brought by chopsticks highlights the family unit where the old and the young sit together, thus giving orientals a relatively solid family concept. Although it is impossible to simply correspond the formation of different traditions with the differences of tableware, there is no doubt that they adapt to and contribute to this differentiation. Chopsticks are a symbol of cultural tradition. Chinese people go to the United States and Europe, and they still use chopsticks. The culture is deeply rooted, while foreigners learn to use chopsticks in China, and they still have to pick up knives and forks when they return to their own countries. The etiquette of western food is from complex to simple. Mary Anthony, a world famous chef, once said, "Cooking is the unknown pioneer of civilization". As an important part of western etiquette, the development and evolution of catering etiquette also embodies the changes of western etiquette concepts. This is mainly manifested in the simplification and liberalization of meals and drinks. For a long time, the dominant position of western food in European countries and its subsequent influence on all parts of the world are self-evident. However, is the western etiquette traditional and unchangeable? Of course not. Western food etiquette, which was dominated by French cuisine in the Middle Ages, especially in the 7th century, was very formal before the mid-21th century. Especially in formal western food banquets, it is necessary to respectfully observe this well-ordered and well-behaved etiquette, such as the correct use of knives and forks, napkins can only be used to wipe grease stains on your mouth or fingers, etc. These are really complicated today. After the two world wars, with the change of social atmosphere and the improvement of economic living standard, etiquette culture gradually developed to popularization and secularization. As far as western food is concerned, the etiquette of formal western food banquets in modern novels has become increasingly simplified. In addition, the innovative atmosphere of Americans in many fields after the war had a great influence on the western world. Compared with the formality and seriousness of western food in Europe, Americans are more casual. For example, in a formal western banquet, Americans try to use a knife or fork with one hand and put the other hand on their knees. After you fork the potato chips with your right hand, when you need to cut the meat, put the fork aside, cut with a knife in your right hand, put down the knife after cutting, and fork the meat with your right hand; When you need a drink, put down the knife or fork, or use your right hand to get the drink-this way, using the same hand repeatedly was not allowed in Europe before. Americans have simplified many manners in western food, and these simplified manners have been more accepted by the younger generation. The etiquette of drinking drinks is also much simpler than before the Second World War. In the past, simple and formal drinking became diversified and liberalized. In the past, in France, Portugal and other western countries, drinking was very particular. What kind of wine to drink with what kind of dishes and what kind of wine to drink on what occasions all had fixed customs and particular attention. Nowadays, these manners and customs are also diluted compared with the past. However, simplification does not mean that you can not obey the dining etiquette. Especially in formal official occasions or banquets, observing etiquette is the embodiment of one's good self-cultivation and the respect for the people who attend the banquet together.