In 2006, the Czech Republic was listed as a developed country by the World Bank. Among Eastern European countries, the Czech Republic has a high human development index.
I. Physical geography of the Czech Republic
1, location and area
The Czech Republic borders Slovakia in the east, Austria in the south, Poland in the north and Germany in the west, with a land area of 78,866 square kilometers, including 77,276 square kilometers of land area and water area of 1.590 square kilometers. It consists of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia.
2. Topography
The Czech Republic is located in three uplifted quadrilateral basins with fertile land. There are Kelkonos Mountain in the north, Shumava Mountain in the south, and Czech-Moravian Plateau with an average elevation of 500-600 meters in the east and southeast. Most areas in the basin are below 500 meters above sea level, including Rabe River Plain, Bilsen Basin, Ershi Hill Basin, South Czech Lake and swamp areas. Vltava river is the longest river, which flows through Prague. The Elbe River originates from the Rabe River in the Czech Republic and is navigable. The upper reaches of the Morava-Oder River basin in the east is the zone between the Czech basin and the Slovak mountains, and it is called the Morava-Oder River Corridor, which has been the main trade channel in northern and southern Europe since ancient times. The whole country has rolling mountains, dense forests and beautiful scenery. The country is divided into two geographical regions, one is the Bohemian highlands in the western half, and the other is the Carpathian mountains in the eastern half, which is composed of a series of east-west mountains. The highest point is Grakhov Ski Peak, 2655 meters above sea level. Highlands, hills and basins appear alternately in the territory. The border is mountainous, and the elevation of Snezika Mountain in Sudede Mountain is1602m. The lowest sea level in China 1 15m.
3. Climate
It belongs to temperate climate, and it is a transition from maritime climate to continental climate. It is hot in summer and cold and snowy in winter. It is the hottest in July and the coldest in 65438+ 10. The average temperature in Prague is 19.5℃ in July and -0.5℃ in June.
4. Time difference
East 1, earlier than GMT 1 hour; 7 hours later than Beijing time.
Second, the human geography situation
1, partition
The Czech Republic is divided into 14 state-level administrative regions, including the capital Prague and 13 states.
Central Bohemia (St.? Edo? esky kraj)
South Bohemia (Jiho? esky kraj)
Plze won sky krai
Usti-sur-Rabe (→→→ Stecky Kraj)
Berec (Free Krai)
Hradec Kralov-Chladecky Kray (Kralov-Chladecky Kray)
Padubichkrai
Visokina state (Vyso? ina)
Jihomoravsky kraj
Olomuk Jordan Mutch
Zlinszky Kray
Moravia-Silesia
2. Capital
Prague is the capital and largest city of Czech Republic, located in central Bohemia and on the vltava river.
Domain. Located in the center of the European continent, this city has always played an important role in transportation and has close ties with neighboring countries (especially Berlin and Vienna, the capitals of two German-speaking countries).
In addition, there are Bilsen, Brno and ostrava. In March 2006, Prague was located in the center of Eurasia, across the banks of vltava river. It covers an area of 496 square kilometers. The population is about 12 10000. hypsography
5. The lowest altitude is190m, and the highest altitude is 380m. The climate is a typical temperate continental climate. The average temperature in July is 65438 0.5℃, and the average temperature in 10 month is 65438 0.5℃. The annual precipitation is about 500 mm.
3. Population
The population of the Czech Republic is 654.38+005.6 thousand, and the main ethnic group is Czechs, accounting for 90%. Other nationalities are Moravian, Slovak, German and Polish. The official language is Czech and the main religion is Roman Catholicism.
4. Ethnic composition
With the change of history, the ethnic composition of the Czech Republic is also changing. Today, Czechs are the main ethnic group in the Czech Republic, accounting for 94.2% of the total population. Czech nationality
From the historical development, it is divided into three branches: Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, with Bohemia accounting for 90.4% of the total population and Moravia accounting for 3.7% of the total population.
Silesia branch accounts for 0. 1% of the total population. Slovaks account for 1.9% of the total population, Poles account for 0.5% and Germans account for 0.4%.
Hungarians account for 0. 1%, Roma for 0. 1%, and other ethnic minorities account for 2.8%.
5. Rules
Dress etiquette: Czechs are more particular about clothes. On formal occasions, they wear suits or long coats. When the weather is cold, they wear hats, beautiful scarves and long and wide skirts. Women like to wear traditional black or crimson skirts. Once they get married, men take feathers off their hats.
Manners and manners: Czechs don't think it is necessary to wear good clothes and manners. They are not only polite to others, but also not casual when they are alone. They are very disgusted with frivolous people and have no affection for the phenomenon of hugging each other in public. At home, we respect our elders. Outside, people who help the elderly and take care of the young can be seen everywhere.
Meeting etiquette: Most modern Czechs only have surnames and first names, that is, a word or a paragraph of surnames and first names. In order to distinguish it from people with the same name and similar status, some people have to add middle names. When addressing, Mr. and Ms. are generally called. Meet and shake hands.
Dining etiquette: Czechs are used to eating western food and Chinese food, especially Cantonese food. When entertaining guests at home, it is often indicated in the invitation that please bring your own tableware, so guests must bring their own tableware to the party. Czech residents consume about 160 liters of beer every year, ranking first in the world.
Wedding and funeral etiquette: Every year at the beginning of the new year, a traditional ceremony to welcome newborns will be held here. /kloc-The first batch of precious citizens in the new year will be selected on October 3rd, and the winners will receive clothes, cradles and other prizes. The local people's wedding was held in the church. On this day, the bride's door is closed, waiting for the wedding team led by the groom and the matchmaker to come and marry.
Business etiquette: Czech foreign trade has developed rapidly. It has economic and trade ties with more than 100 countries and regions in the world, and the specific foreign trade import and export business is undertaken by foreign trade enterprises. When holding a local business meeting, it is usually agreed many days in advance. Be fully prepared before the negotiation, and be patient during the negotiation.
Tourism etiquette: Czech does everything possible to develop tourism. Almost all historical relics and places of interest are open to tourists, and special attention is paid to improving the quality and level of service personnel. They are polite to their guests and like to take pains to introduce the mountains, rivers, scenic spots, historical anecdotes and customs here. In general, they can tip, or ask in advance before deciding whether to tip.
Main taboos: Czechs regard roses as national flowers, and people generally taboo red triangle patterns. Hot topics are sports and so on. The unpopular topics are political issues and family chores.
Step 6 prescribe diet
The diet of Czechs is mainly pork, and the daily ethnic meals are pork chops, sweet sauerkraut and steamed bread slices. Czechs like to drink beer, and their per capita consumption is 160 liters, ranking first in the world. When you arrive in the Czech Republic, don't miss Knedliky, a foreign jiaozi with skin and meat stuffing that Czechs often eat. However, it is quite delicious with sour cabbage (Li Ze) and dipping sauce, which are popular in eastern Europe.
Czechs are carnivores and have few fruits and vegetables. The national dish of Czech Republic can be said to be roast pork (Knedliky and Li Ze), and stew is also a good choice.
Czechs are addicted to alcohol, and the locally brewed PlzenskyPrazdroj is quite famous. Pearson Brewery is open for visitors, so wine lovers should not miss it. Besides, Moravia's wine is also quite good. Pubs all over the Czech Republic offer a variety of wines, besides beer, there are also plum brandy (slivovice), herbal bitter wine (becherovka) and so on, all of which can be regarded as special tastes.
Czechs and Si Long people are used to eating western food on behalf of their guests. When they have breakfast, they should eat porridge. At dinner, there is usually soup. But they like to eat clear soup, especially all kinds of snacks made of cream [10]. Generally speaking, their tastes are similar to those of the French, and they like to eat fried and braised dishes.
The most famous food in Czech Republic is gulas, a kind of stewed beef. Moreover, this method of beef stew is also very complicated. He must add 23 different seasonings according to the time. The whole production process takes about four hours.
7. Economy
The Czech Republic mainly has machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, metallurgy, textile, shoemaking, wood processing, glass manufacturing and beer brewing.
In 2006, the Czech Republic was listed as a developed country by the World Bank. Among Eastern European countries, the Czech Republic has a high human development index.
Czech exports to EU member states, especially Germany. At present, most of the country's economy has been privatized, including banking and telecommunications. At present, the central government is planning to continue to privatize the energy industry and Prague Airport. In 2009, a survey of Czech economists by Czech Economic Association proved that most economists are willing to achieve more liberalization in most sectors of Czech economy.
The Czech Republic became a member of the Schengen Convention on June 5438+February 2 1 2007, and removed the border restrictions with neighboring countries. The Czech Republic is not a member of the euro zone at present and will not consider joining the euro zone for the time being.
The Czech Republic belongs to the former Warsaw Pact countries and is connected with western European countries.
Close ties, but also one of the countries with better industrialization and economic situation. The Czech Republic is a moderately developed country with a solid industrial base. In 2009, affected by the international financial crisis, the economy declined, 20 10, domestic production in Czech Republic.
The total value reached $65,438+$09,265,438+$52 million (ranked 45th in the world), and the per capita GDP was $65,438+$08,288 (ranked 38th in the world). 20 10 and 20 1 1 realize the recovery growth, and 20 12 realize the economy.
Down again.