Eastern countries: (1) Seating and leaving

1. You should wait until the elderly are seated.

2. If there is a lady at the table, you should wait until the lady is seated. If the lady's seat is next door, she should be paged.

3. After eating, the other guests can only leave after the hostess and the man leave.

4. Sit upright and keep a proper distance from the dining table.

5. When dining in a restaurant, the waiter should show you to the table.

6. When leaving the seat, you should help the elderly or women in the next seat to drag the seat.

(2) Use of scented towels

1. Napkins are mainly used to prevent clothes from getting dirty, and also to wipe oil stains on the mouth and hands.

2. You must wait until everyone is seated before using napkins.

3. The napkin should be spread out and placed on the thighs at the upper ends of knees. Do not tie a belt or hang it on the collar of a suit.

4. Never wipe the tableware with a napkin.

(3) general etiquette at the dining table

1. After sitting down, keep your feet under your seat, and don't straighten up at will, elbow against the edge of the table, or put your hands on the back of the chair next to you.

2. When eating, be gentle and elegant, calm and quiet, and don't be impatient.

3. You should not only care about yourself at the dinner table, but also care about others, especially the female guests on both sides.

4. Avoid talking with food in your mouth.

5. Tableware for personal use should not be inserted into the common plate to pick up dishes.

6. You must eat with a small mouth, and don't stuff it with a big mouth. You can't stuff it in your mouth until the food is swallowed.

7. When fetching vegetables and scooping soup, you should use public chopsticks and spoons.

8. Eat imported food, and don't spit it out. If it is hot food, you can drink water or take a shower with fruit juice.

9. When delivering food to the entrance, the elbows should lean inward, not open to the sides, and touch the neighbor.

11. If you hold a knife fork in your hand or others are chewing food, you should avoid talking or toasting.

11. Good eating is to eat the food, not the food. Food should be brought with a meter, so you can't send it to your mouth in a hurry, otherwise the soup will drip on the tablecloth, which is extremely indecent.

12. Never pull out your teeth with your fingers, use toothpicks and cover them with your hands or handkerchiefs.

13. Avoid coughing, sneezing and vomiting at the dinner table. If you can't help it, you should say "I'm sorry"

14. Drink at will, toast with courtesy until the end, and avoid persuading, guessing and shouting.

15. If the tableware falls, please ask the waiter to pick it up.

16. In case of accident, if you accidentally spill wine, water and soup on other people's clothes, just apologize, instead of panicking and making amends, it will embarrass the other person.

17. If you want to take the condiments placed in front of other guests at the same table, please ask the guests next to you to help you pass them on. Don't reach across and drive for them.

18. If the host cooks the food himself, don't forget to praise him.

19. If you eat unclean or smelly food, don't swallow it. Take out the imported food lightly with your thumb and forefinger and put it on the plate. If you find that there are insects and gravel in the dishes that have not been eaten yet, don't make a fuss. Wait for the waiter to approach and tell him to change them softly.

21. After eating, the tableware must be put in order, not in disorder. Napkins should also be folded and put on the table.

21. It is not advisable to smoke while the staple food is in progress. If you want to smoke, you must first obtain the consent of your neighbor.

22. When eating in a restaurant, you should not rush to pay the bill and push and pull for it, which is extremely indecent. If you are a guest, you can't rob to pay the bill. You should not pay the bill for your friend without his consent.

23. The speed of eating should be synchronized with the host and hostess, neither too fast nor too slow.

24. Don't talk about sorrow at the dinner table, otherwise it will spoil the happy atmosphere.

western table manners

What must be noted at the table is:

1. Western food ordering and serving order

There are four or five categories on the western food menu, which are appetizers, soups, salads, seafood, meat, snacks and so on.

the main course should be decided first. If the main course is fish, the appetizer is meat, which is more varied in taste. In addition to eating a large amount, it is not necessary to prepare a whole meal from the single dish on the menu, as long as the appetizer and the main course are together, and a dessert is enough. You can skip the soup or the appetizer, which is also an ideal combination (but in Italian food, spaghetti is regarded as soup, so in principle, these two dishes are not ordered together).

the formal order of serving the whole meal is:

1) the first dish. The first course of western food is the first course, also known as appetizer. The contents of appetizers are generally divided into cold starter and hot starter, and the common varieties are caviar, foie gras, smoked salmon, chicken tail cup, cream chicken crisp box, baked snail and so on. Because appetizers are appetizers, appetizers generally have a special flavor, with salty and sour tastes, and the quantity is small and the quality is high.

2) soup. Different from Chinese food, the second course of western food is soup. Western-style soups can be roughly divided into clear soups, cream soups, vegetable soups and cold soups. There are oxtail clear soup, various cream soups, seafood soups, American clam soups, Italian vegetable soups, Russian Luo Songtang soups and French baked onion soups. There are few varieties of cold soup, such as German cold soup and Russian cold soup.

3) side dishes. Fish dishes are generally regarded as the third course of western food, also known as side dishes. Species include all kinds of freshwater and seawater fish, shellfish and molluscs. Usually aquatic dishes and eggs, bread and crispy box dishes are called side dishes. Because fish and other dishes are tender and easy to digest, they are placed in front of meat dishes and are called differently from the main course of meat dishes. Western-style fish dishes pay attention to the use of special sauces, including tartar sauce, Dutch sauce, hotel sauce, white cream sauce, archbishop sauce, American sauce and sailor fish sauce.

4) main course. Meat and poultry dishes are the fourth course of western food, also known as the main course. The raw materials of meat dishes are taken from the meat of cattle, sheep, pigs, cowboys and other parts, of which beef or steak is the most representative. Steak can be divided into sirloin steak (also called sirloin steak), filet steak, "T" bone steak, thin steak and so on. Its cooking methods are often roasted, fried, grilled and so on. The sauces used in meat dishes mainly include Spanish sauce, concentrated boiled sauce, mushroom sauce and Bainis sauce.

The raw materials of poultry dishes are taken from chickens, ducks and geese, and game such as rabbit meat and venison are usually classified as poultry dishes. Chicken is the most variety of poultry dishes, including pheasant, turkey and bamboo chicken, which can be boiled, fried, roasted and braised. The main sauces are yellow gravy, curry juice and cream juice.

5) vegetable dishes. Vegetable dishes can be arranged after meat dishes or served at the same time with meat dishes, so they can be regarded as a dish or called a side dish. Vegetable dishes are called salads in western food. Salad served with the main course is called raw vegetable salad, which is usually made of lettuce, tomato, cucumber and asparagus. The main sauces of salad are vinegar oil juice, French juice, dried island juice, cheese salad juice and so on.

In addition to vegetables, salads are also made of fish, meat and eggs. Generally, these salads do not add flavor juice, so they can be used as the first dish in the order of eating.

Some vegetables are cooked, such as broccoli, boiled spinach and French fries. Cooked vegetables are usually served on the plate together with the meat dishes of the main course, which is called side dishes.

6) dessert. The dessert of western food is eaten after the main course, which can be regarded as the sixth course. In a real sense, it includes all the food after the main course, such as pudding, pancakes, ice cream, cheese, fruit and so on. 7) coffee and tea. The last course of western food is to serve drinks, coffee or tea. Coffee is usually served with sugar and whipped cream. Tea usually contains fragrant peach slices and sugar.

2. Seating problem

Even if the guests have status, status and age higher than the guest of honor, please sit next to the host when arranging seating. The host sits in the main seat, the right hand is the wife of the first important guest, the left hand is the wife of the second important guest, and the hostess sits opposite the host. On both sides of her are the most important first and second male guests. Now, if it is not a very formal lunch or dinner, it is not important to sit between a man and a woman.

3. Use of knife and fork

When using a knife and fork, take it from the outside to the inside, and hold the fork in your left hand and the knife in your right hand; When cutting things, hold the fork in your left hand and hold the food, and cut it into small pieces with your right hand and send it to your mouth with a fork. When using a knife, the blade should not face outwards. When you need to have a rest in the middle of a meal, you can put down your knife and fork and put it in the center of the plate in a figure of eight, indicating that you have not finished eating and will continue to eat. After eating a dish, put the knife and fork side by side on the plate, indicating that you have finished eating, and you can take the dish or plate away. If you are talking, you can hold a knife and fork, don't put it down, but don't wave it. When you don't use a knife, you can hold a fork in your right hand, but when you need to gesture, you should put down your knife and fork, never wave it in the air, don't wipe your mouth with a napkin in one hand, and don't hold a glass in one hand and a fork in the other. Never put one end of the knife and fork on the plate and the other end on the table at any time.

4. Precautions at the table. Don't put makeup on the dining table, wipe your nose with a napkin. Burping at meals is a big no-no. When taking food, you can ask others to pass the food you can't get. Don't stand up. Don't send too much food to your mouth at a time, and don't talk while chewing. Don't wolf down your food. You should also put some food you don't want to eat on the plate to show politeness. You shouldn't leave your seat in the middle of a meal. If you really need to leave, you should whisper hello to the guests around you. When drinking and toasting, even if you don't drink, you should touch the mouth of the cup on your lips to show your respect. When someone pours wine for you, if you don't need it, you can simply say "no, thank you!" " Or cover the glass slightly with your hand to show your refusal. During the meal, don't unbutton or undress in public. If the host invites the guest take off your coat, the male guest can take off his coat and put it on the back of the chair, but he can't put his coat or things with him on the dining table.

3. How to eat western food

The specific way to eat western food is very different from Chinese food.

1. When eating bread and butter, it's usually buns and buns.

Take the bread and butter yourself, then break the bread into small pieces by hand, wipe one piece and eat one.

Eat sandwiches, small sandwiches and toast with your hands, and cut the big ones before eating. A hot sandwich with gravy needs a knife and fork.

2. Eat meat

Westerners eat meat (lamb chops, steak, pork chops, etc.) in large chunks. When eating, cut the meat into small pieces with a knife and fork, just the size of a bite. Eat a piece, cut a piece, don't cut it all at once, and never put the whole piece of meat to your mouth with a fork, while biting, chewing and swallowing.

When eating beef (steak), the waiter or host will ask you about the degree of raw and cooked beef because you can decide the degree of raw and cooked beef according to your preference.

When eating meat with bones, such as chicken, don't "do it" directly. Fix the whole meat with a fork (you can put the fork up and press the meat with the back of the fork), then insert a knife along the bone, cut the meat and eat it while cutting. If the bone is small, you can put it in your mouth with a fork, separate the meat from the bone in your mouth, cover your mouth with a napkin, spit it on the fork and put it on a plate. However, meat that needs direct "hands-on" is often served with hand washing water. Always wipe your hands and mouth with napkins.

Don't turn the fish over when eating it. After eating the upper layer, remove the fish bones with a knife and fork before eating the lower layer.

3. Eat salad

In western food, salads often appear in such occasions: as a side dish of the main course, such as vegetable salad, which is common; As a spacer, such as between the main course and dessert; As the first course, such as chicken salad.

if the salad is served in a large plate, use the salad fork. If you put it with the main course, you should use the main course fork to eat it.

if salad is a side dish, it is usually eaten with cheese, fried corn flakes, etc. First take a slice or two of bread and put it on your salad plate, then take two or three pieces of cornflakes. Cheese and salad should be eaten with a fork, while cornflakes can be eaten with your hands.

if the main salad is accompanied with salad dressing, you can pour the salad dressing on a part of the salad first, and then add the sauce after eating this part. Until it is added to the lettuce leaves at the bottom of the bowl, so it is easy to pour the juice.

The usual way to eat salad should be to cut a large piece of lettuce leaves into small pieces with a fork. If it is not easy to cut, you can use a knife and fork. Cut one piece at a time, and then cut it after eating.

4. Drink soup

5. Eat oysters and clams

Hold the shell with your left hand, take out the oyster meat with your right hand, and dip it in seasoning and eat it with the oyster fork. The mixture of shrimp and crab can also be dipped in seasoning alone and eaten with oyster fork.

6. spaghetti

to eat spaghetti, roll up the noodles slowly with a fork, and it is most convenient to roll four or five pieces at a time. You can also eat it with a spoon and fork. The spoon can help the fork control the slippery noodles. You can't suck it directly with your mouth, or it will easily spill juice everywhere.

7. Fruit

In many countries, fruit is served as dessert or together with dessert. Usually many fruits are mixed together to make a fruit salad or a fruit platter. The key to eating fruit is how to remove the stone. You can't bite the whole thing. If you have a knife and fork, you should use it carefully, cut it into four pieces with a knife, peel it and eat it with a fork. Be careful not to spill the juice. When there is no knife or fork, you can gently take the stone out of your mouth with your two fingers and put it on the edge of the fruit bowl. It is very rude to spit the stone out of your mouth.

8. Western-style fast food and snacks

Hamburgers and hot dogs are eaten with your hands, but be sure to pad them with napkins, so that the sauce will flow on the napkins, not on your hands or clothes. Just in case, you can pad it with a napkin in one hand and prepare one or two napkins in the other.

Pizza can hold the cake in hand and turn the outside inside to prevent the stuffing from falling out. But you can't see pizza on the table of a general dinner party.

tortillas are a common food to eat with your hands. You can dip it in a mixed sauce such as sweet beans or tomato sauce and eat it.

fried food and potato chips can be eaten with your hands or with a fork. If you are outdoors, of course, you can eat with your hands.

ladies should also pay attention to putting less into their mouth every time when eating. Chewing, making noise and damaging lipstick. If you get your fingers dirty when eating ordinary dishes, you can ask the waiter to bring hand washing water.

4. Handling of five special situations

1. What should I do if I meet my host and feel grateful?

Some hosts will give thanks and pray before eating, or sit or stand, and guests should be the same as their hosts. Don't eat or drink anything before thanksgiving prayer, and keep your head down quietly. Until the prayer is over, put the napkin on your lap and start eating.

2. When you plug your teeth or foreign objects

If your teeth are stuffed with vegetable leaves or sand-like things, don't pick them with a toothpick on the dining table, you can try drinking water; If not, go to the bathroom, so that you can rinse your mouth vigorously or use a toothpick.

If you encounter unpalatable food or foreign objects, you must be careful not to cause unhappiness to the people who eat together, but you don't have to eat the bad things reluctantly. You can cover your mouth with a napkin, spit on it quickly, and ask the waiter to change a new napkin. if