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What are the kitchen wastes?

kitchen waste, commonly known as food waste, is a kind of domestic waste formed by residents in the process of daily consumption, which is easy to rot and deteriorate, emits stench, and spreads bacteria and viruses. The main components of kitchen waste include rice and flour food residues, vegetables, animal and vegetable oils, meat and bones, etc. From the chemical composition, there are starch, cellulose, protein, lipids and inorganic salts.

1. Process flow

2. Technical indicators

3. Process characteristics

Introduction

The main characteristics of kitchen waste are rich in organic matter, high in water content and perishable, and its properties and odor will

have a bad impact on environmental health, and it is easy to grow harmful substances such as pathogenic microorganisms and mycotoxins.

one minute it was delicious food, and the next minute it was rubbish. Due to food culture and dining habits, kitchen waste has become a unique phenomenon in China. The table waste in China is amazing, and a huge amount of kitchen waste is produced every day. According to figures from the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Beijing produces 1,211 tons of kitchen waste every day. According to the statistics of Tsinghua University Institute of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Recycling, China produces no less than 61 million tons of kitchen waste every year.

Experts believe that nutritious kitchen waste is a valuable renewable resource. However, due to the lack of attention and improper disposal methods, it has become a potential source of danger affecting food safety and ecological safety. Although improper disposal will have serious consequences, kitchen waste is not without its merits. He Bingguang, deputy director of the Environmental Protection Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, pointed out that kitchen waste has the dual characteristics of waste and resources, which can be said to be a typical "misplaced local resources". [1]

classification

according to different sources, kitchen waste is mainly divided into catering waste and kitchen waste. The former is produced from the leftovers of restaurants, canteens and other restaurants, which has the characteristics of large quantity, many sources and wide distribution, while the latter mainly refers to the leftovers discarded by residents in their daily cooking, and the quantity is not as large as that of catering waste.

Harm

For a long time in the past, there was no special management regulation on kitchen waste in China. Some kitchen waste is fed to pigs without treatment, or recycled and refined by illegal traders, or buried with ordinary domestic waste.

kitchen waste is perishable

and feeding pigs with untreated kitchen waste can easily lead to the spread of diseases. Nie Yongfeng, director of the Institute of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Recycling of the Department of Environment of Tsinghua University, pointed out that the kitchen waste produced by the catering industry may contain a variety of germs. If livestock and poultry are directly raised without treatment, it will bring harm to human health through the accumulation of toxins and harmful substances in livestock and poultry, thus causing cross-infection between humans and animals. Therefore, this food chain form hides the great danger of pathogen transfer and diffusion. Many countries, such as the United States, Canada, and the European Union, have enacted many laws prohibiting the direct feeding of untreated kitchen waste to pigs.

experts pointed out that "gutter oil" contains aflatoxin, benzene and other toxic substances, which will cause chronic diseases and even cancer if returned to people's table through illegal channels, which will do great harm to people's health.

Zhang Yuhua, a researcher at the Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection of the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, pointed out that because kitchen waste is easy to rot and deteriorate, it will produce unacceptable bad feelings, such as pungent smell. However, the kitchen waste produced by catering industry contains a lot of leftover soup and spoiled water, which is easy to leak during collection and transportation, affecting the urban environment. The direct landfill treatment of kitchen waste will cause serious pollution of groundwater. [1]

Resources

According to the estimation of experts from the Ministry of Agriculture, kitchen waste contains a large amount of nutrients, the main components of which are oil and protein, which can

replace corn, fish meal and soybean meal to be processed into high-energy protein high-quality feed, and is also a suitable raw material for preparing biodiesel.

experts explained that according to the dry matter content, 51 million tons of kitchen waste is equivalent to 5 million tons of high-quality feed, and the energy contained is equivalent to the energy output of 11 million mu of cultivated land every year, and the protein contained is equivalent to the protein output of 21 million mu of soybeans every year. In other words, if all the kitchen waste produced in China in one year is utilized, it is equivalent to saving about 11 million mu of cultivated land.

He Bingguang pointed out that in the face of the shortage of cultivated land and food in China, a large amount of food feed needs to be imported every year. Rational utilization of kitchen waste is an effective way to increase the utilization rate of resources and solve the food problem in China to some extent. Moreover, this kind of utilization conforms to the characteristics of reduction, reuse and resource utilization, and is a vivid case of developing circular economy. [1]