when pollutants enter rivers, lakes, groundwater and other water bodies, their content exceeds the natural purification capacity of the water body, which changes the physical and chemical properties of the water body and the bottom material or the composition of biological communities, thus reducing the use value and function of the water body, which is called water pollution. A large number of inorganic and organic pollutants enter the water body, which not only destroys the aquatic ecosystem, but also harms human health, resulting in water shortage, which affects people's industrial and agricultural production and life.
To solve the water pollution problem in China, we should consider it comprehensively from many aspects and make unremitting efforts. The countermeasures are as follows:
1. Reduce water consumption: At present, the utilization of water resources in China, on the one hand, feels the shortage of water resources, on the other hand, is very wasteful. Compared with developed countries, the water consumption per unit product in China is much higher. Large water consumption not only wastes water resources, but also is an important cause of water environmental pollution.
Through the technological transformation of enterprises, it has been proved to be effective in practice to carry out cleaner production, reduce the water consumption per unit product, use more water, and improve the reuse rate of water.
2. Establish urban sewage treatment system: In order to control the development of water pollution, industrial enterprises must also actively control water pollution, especially the discharge of toxic pollutants must be treated or pretreated separately. With the adjustment of industrial layout and urban layout and the construction and improvement of urban sewer network, centralized treatment of urban sewage can be gradually realized, which can combine urban sewage treatment with industrial wastewater treatment.
3. adjustment of industrial structure: the natural purification capacity of water bodies is limited, and a reasonable industrial layout can make full use of the natural capacity of the natural environment, turn a vicious circle into a benign one, and play a role in developing the economy and controlling pollution. Shut down, stop, merge and transfer those enterprises that consume a lot of water, are heavily polluted and have high pollution control costs. It is also necessary to adjust the agricultural structure that consumes a lot of water, especially in arid and semi-arid areas to reduce the rice planting area and take the road of water-saving agriculture and sustainable development.
4. control agricultural non-point source pollution: agricultural non-point source pollution includes pollution from rural living sources, agricultural non-point sources, livestock and poultry breeding and aquaculture. It is more difficult to solve non-point source pollution than industrial pollution and domestic sewage in large and medium-sized cities, and it needs to be controlled through comprehensive prevention and control and demonstration projects of ecological agriculture.
5. Develop new water sources: China's industrial, agricultural and domestic water saving potential is not small, so it is necessary to do a good job in water saving and reduce waste, so as to reduce the water consumption per unit of GDP. The implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project plays an important role in alleviating the serious water shortage in North China. Building reservoirs, exploiting groundwater and purifying seawater can alleviate the increasingly tense water pressure, but the impact on the ecological environment and social environment should be fully considered when building reservoirs and exploiting groundwater.
6. Strengthen the planning and management of water resources: Water resources planning is the main component of regional planning, urban planning and industrial and agricultural development planning, and should be carried out simultaneously with other planning.
rational development must also be based on the supply and demand of water, and the surface water, groundwater and sewage resources should be developed and utilized in a unified way, so as to prevent the depletion of surface water sources and the decline of groundwater level, and to achieve rational development, comprehensive utilization, active protection and scientific management.
Make use of market mechanism and economic leverage to promote the conservation of water resources, and promote sewage management and recycling. In order to effectively control water pollution, the management should gradually transition from concentration management to total control management.