Harbin station first generation station building
With the great increase of Japan's national strength after the Meiji Restoration, its influence in East Asia is growing. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the national strength of the Qing Dynasty declined gradually. 1896, Russian finance minister viktor suggested building a railway in Manchuria to offset the influence of Japan in Manchuria. In order to keep the land of Longxing, the Qing Dynasty immediately sent an imperial envoy Li Hongzhang to sign a secret agreement with Russia. The Qing government and Russia jointly established the Dong Qing Railway Construction Bureau, and the Qing government sent Xu Jingcheng as the first chairman. According to the Middle East Railway Contract, the railway project must be started within 12 months from the date of contract approval. Russia invested capital and technology to build a railway from Manzhouli in the north to Vladivostok in the east.
On August 28th, 1897, Middle East Railway Company held a groundbreaking ceremony for Middle East Railway near Sanchakou on the right bank of Xiaosuifen River in China (Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province). In the late autumn of this year, more than a dozen technicians from Dong Qing Railway Survey Team, such as Zabyti, Bayoin, Rusiyev and Wazny, drifted to Harbin by steamboat.
February 1898, 1 1, Russian engineer Sittrovsky led an advance team of the Engineering Bureau composed of 25 experts, starting from Vladivostok in 30 cars, passing through Sanchagou, Ningguta, Jilin, Yushu and Lalin, arriving at Xiangfang in Harbin, and staying at Jiangjiadian (near Hongqi Street) with Russia. Accompanied by engineers Potts, Visochi and Lavinsky, meteorologists Vicello Zoff, two cooks, a doctor and 20 workers, and a semi-company Cuban Infantry Guard headed by Captain Buff levski lived in Majiagou Tun and other places respectively.
On April 22nd, the director of the Middle East Railway Engineering Bureau, Gong Yugevich, issued an order in Vladivostok, dividing the Dong Qing railway trunk line into 13 sections and the south branch line into 8 sections, and assigned the construction tasks of each section. The project planning is centered on Harbin, and it is divided into east, west and south lines from Lushunkou, Houbaikal and Shuangchengzi, and it is built opposite Harbin at the same time.
On June 9th, all the staff of Dong Qing Railway Engineering Bureau, headed by Ignacious, deputy director and deputy chief engineer, took the steamboat "Hailanpao" and arrived at Harbin Wharf along Wusuli River, Heilongjiang River and Songhua River (near No.9 station on the Daoli River today). Dong Qing Railway Engineering Bureau moved from Vladivostok to Harbin, stationed in Xiangfang Yongfayuan Pot-burning Courtyard, and started its official office. It built a railway station in the west of Xiangfang, named "Harbin Station". At the same time, the construction of the entire Middle East Railway was announced. Russia later took June 9 as the day when the railway construction project in the Middle East officially started. On March 4th, 1899, the east line of Dong Qing Railway was temporarily opened to traffic from Harbin to Acheng. In the same year, Qinjiagang Station was built on Dong Qing Railway and its Nanman branch line.
190 1 On June 3rd, Dong Qing Railway was temporarily opened to traffic. The main line of the Middle East Railway starts from the border line west of Manzhouli Station and ends at the border line east of Suifenhe Station via Harbin, with a total length of1500.14km. The south branch line of the Middle East Railway starts from the center of Harbin Station and ends at Lushunkou Station, with a total length of 965.79 kilometers. 1903 July 14, the director of the middle east railway engineering bureau, Yugevich, electrified the whole railway and announced the comprehensive completion of the middle east railway. The middle east railway trunk line starts from the west border of Manzhouli station and ends at the east border of Suifenhe station via Harbin, with a total length of 15 14.30 km. The South Branch Line of the Middle East Railway starts from the center of Harbin Station and ends at Lushunkou Station, with a total length of 974.90 kilometers. The total length of the Middle East railway line is 2489.20 kilometers. The Middle East Railway from 1897 to 1903 took six years and cost 375 million gold rubles. In the same year, Harbin Station officially started construction. 1904, the station building of Harbin Station was completed and put into use, and Qinjiagang Station was renamed Harbin Station, also known as the main station or central station, which is the only first-class station in the whole line. The new station is in the Art Nouveau style, with a building area of 2,700 square meters. The central hall is spacious and bright, and there are first-class and second-class waiting rooms and restaurants on the left. On the right are the ticket office and the third-class waiting room.
1899, Qinjiagang Station (Songhua River Station in Russian) was established on Dong Qing Railway (Middle East Railway). At that time, the old station was located in the luggage room of Harbin station, just a row of temporary low-rise houses. At that time, it was only used in the stationmaster's office, telegraph room and driver's lounge.
190 1 A small building with masonry structure was built on the south side of the current exit as a waiting room and station office (the building was demolished on 1988).
1903 In July, the Middle East Railway was opened to traffic, Qinjiagang Station was officially renamed Harbin Station, Binjiang Songhua River Station was renamed Wharf Station (Daoli Station), Xianxiangfang Harbin Station was renamed Old Harbin Station, and Xiangfang Station was renamed 438+0924 in June.
1904, the first generation of Harbin Railway Station was completed and put into use, and it was a big station on the Middle East railway line at that time.
19 10 to sell platform tickets; 1911February 16, the tickets were sold in Russia and Japan.
As a railway hub in the Middle East, there are two lines in the station: the north line group (the existing line of the platform) has the east (Harbin to Vladivostok), west (Harbin to Manzhouli) and south (Harbin to Lushunkou) passenger trains 1 1 line; There are 9 lines in the South Line Group for marshalling and shunting freight trains. According to the Journal of Harbin Station, at the beginning of the establishment of Harbin Station, the passenger flow was not large. There are 6 pairs of buses and 3 pairs of mixed trains every day, with an average of 185 passengers getting on and off the bus every day.
1909 10 10 On 26th October, the first Japanese Prime Minister Ito Bowen was assassinated by the North Korean patriot An Zhonggen at the first platform of Harbin Station, which shocked the world at that time (201410 June 19, An was opened in front of Harbin Station.
1February 5, 932, Japanese troops occupied Harbin. In order to increase plunder, the Japanese army expanded Harbin Station, and successively built an underground pedestrian passage (now the old underground passage on the north side) from Platform 1 to Platform 3, as well as eight special railway lines and two branch railway lines leading to Shuanghesheng, Donghe Youfang and Fuxingheng. From August 3 1935 to June 17 and 1937, the wide gauge of Middle East Railway (1524 mm) was changed to quasi gauge (1435 mm), and the gauge in Harbin Station was changed accordingly.
From 65438 to 0934, Labin Railway was connected with Binbei Railway, and Harbin Station became the intersection of five railway trunk lines and an important hub in China.
After the Puppet Manchukuo Government 1935 acquired the Middle East Railway, Harbin Station operated 8 pairs of passenger trains every day, including the classic express train "Asia Train" at that time (which set a world record of 130km/h).
1in August, 945, the Soviet red army attacked the northeast. A group of Soviet airborne soldiers who occupied Harbin Station stood in the rain in front of Harbin Station with front guns, leaving a famous picture of the occupation of Harbin. 1June, 946, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces appointed Zhu Ziming as the military representative to take over Harbin Station.