Abstract: In modern home, tableware is an indispensable part of us, and we always use it to serve food and rice. A good set of tableware not only provides convenience for us, but also plays an effective role in decoration. But now there are many kinds of tableware and various brands. How should we choose? And what kinds are it divided into? Below, let's take a look at the material classification and characteristics of tableware with Xiaobian. Types of Tableware Materials Classification and Characteristics of Tableware Materials
What kinds of Tableware Materials
1. Ceramic Tableware
Ceramics used to be recognized as non-toxic tableware, and reports of poisoning caused by the use of porcelain tableware. It turns out that the beautiful coat (glaze) of some porcelain tableware contains lead. If the temperature is not enough when firing porcelain or the glaze ingredients are not up to standard, it may make the tableware contain more lead. When food comes into contact with tableware, lead may overflow the surface of glaze and mix into food. Therefore, those ceramic products with prickly and mottled surfaces, uneven enamel and even cracks are not suitable for tableware. When choosing porcelain tableware, you should pat the porcelain lightly with your index finger. If it can make a crisp sound, it means that the porcelain embryo is delicate and well-fired. If the snapping sound is dumb, it means that the porcelain is damaged or the porcelain embryo is of poor quality.
2, glass tableware
clean and sanitary, generally does not contain toxic substances. But glass tableware is fragile and sometimes "moldy". This is because the glass will be eroded by water for a long time, which will produce substances harmful to human health and should be washed away with alkaline detergent frequently.
3, enamel tableware
Enamel products have good mechanical strength, strong, not easy to break, and have good heat resistance, which can withstand a wide range of temperature changes. Smooth texture, compact and not easy to be contaminated with dust, clean and durable. The disadvantage of enamel products is that they are often cracked and broken after being hit by external forces. What is coated on the outer layer of enamel products is actually a layer of enamel, which contains substances such as aluminum silicate. If it is damaged, it will be transferred to food. Therefore, when purchasing enamel tableware, it is required that the surface is smooth and flat, the enamel is uniform, the color is bright, and there is no bottom powder and embryo phenomenon.
4. Wooden tableware
The biggest advantage of bamboo and wood tableware is that it is convenient to obtain materials and has no toxic effect of chemicals. But their weakness is that they are more prone to pollution and mildew than other tableware. If you don't pay attention to disinfection, it is easy to cause intestinal infectious diseases.
5, copper tableware
Many people use copper tableware, copper pots, copper spoons, copper hot pots and so on. On the surface of copper tableware, you can often see some blue-green powder, which is called copper rust. It is an oxide of copper, which is non-toxic. But for the sake of cleaning, it is best to polish the surface of copper tableware with sandpaper before loading food.
6. Iron tableware
Generally speaking, iron tableware is non-toxic. But iron is easy to rust, and rust can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, upset, poor appetite and other diseases. In addition, it is not advisable to use iron containers to hold cooking oil, because oils are easy to oxidize and deteriorate when stored in iron for too long. At the same time, it is best not to cook foods and drinks rich in tannins in iron containers, such as juice, brown sugar products, tea and coffee.
7, aluminum tableware
non-toxic, light and durable, good quality and low price, but aluminum accumulates too much in the human body, which can accelerate aging and have a certain adverse effect on people's memory. Aluminum tableware is not suitable for cooking acidic and alkaline foods, and it is not suitable for long-term storage of meals and long-term storage of salty foods.
iron and aluminum tableware should not be used together, because aluminum and iron are two metals with different chemical activities. When water exists, aluminum and iron can form a chemical battery, which will cause more aluminum ions to enter food and bring greater harm to human health.
8. Alloy tableware
Alloy tableware mainly refers to tableware made of PPS and SPS materials. PPS has the advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, flame retardancy, balanced physical and mechanical properties, excellent dimensional stability and excellent electrical properties. Alloy tableware in the market is mainly alloy chopsticks. Compared with chopsticks made of other materials, alloy chopsticks have the advantages of no deformation at high temperature, easy cleaning, no mildew, no absorption of microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, durability and corrosion resistance. Alloy chopsticks are safe and hygienic, and will not produce harmful substances at high temperature. PPS and SPS are imported materials, so the price is slightly higher. In China, most of them are gifts and alloy chopsticks made of this imported material in high-end hotels.
9. Stainless steel tableware
is attractive, light, easy to use, corrosion-resistant and rust-free. Stainless steel is made of Fe-Cr alloy mixed with metals such as nickel and molybdenum, so care should be taken not to hold salt, soy sauce and vinegar for a long time, because the electrolyte in these foods will react with stainless steel for a long time, so that harmful substances will be dissolved.
11. Tableware made of titanium
Using the characteristics of intelligent metal titanium combined with special physical and chemical surface coloring process, it has a unique gold-titanium tableware luster, and its texture can be comparable to that of silver tableware. Titanium tableware is the trend of tableware materials in the future. Because of its light weight and light use, it has excellent characteristics such as non-toxic, tasteless, non-radiation, no rust, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, good toughness and good biological affinity. Titanium tableware is both practical and collectible, and it is a good product for your gift to relatives and friends and for home use. It has long been highly favored by people from all walks of life.
11, melamine tableware
Melamine tableware, also known as Jingmei melamine products, is formed by heating and pressing melamine resin powder. It is widely used in catering industry and children's catering industry because of its lightness, beauty, low temperature resistance and non-fragility.
Melamine tableware belongs to high polymer, abbreviated as MF, and its monomers are formaldehyde and melamine. 37% formaldehyde aqueous solution was used in the reaction, and the molar ratio of formaldehyde to melamine was 2~3. The results show that with the increase of formaldehyde dosage, the binding amount of formaldehyde also increases, and the reaction is easy to carry out. Melamine resin obtained from different hydroxymethyl melamine can be prepared by changing the amount of formaldehyde. When the pH of the reaction system is 8.5, there are fewer side reactions and the reaction is easy to control. High temperature, fast reaction speed, and little influence on formaldehyde binding capacity in the range of 54~81℃.
12. Plastic tableware
Commonly used plastic tableware is basically made of polyethylene and polypropylene. This is a non-toxic plastic recognized by most countries' health departments. Sugar boxes, tea trays, rice bowls, cold water bottles and baby bottles on the market are all of this kind of plastic. However, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with similar molecular structure to polyethylene is a dangerous molecule. A rare hepatic hemangioma has been found, which is almost related to people who often contact PVC. Therefore, when using plastic products, we must pay attention to what the raw materials are. When there is no product manual at hand, it can be identified by the following methods: all plastic products that are smooth to the touch, flammable in case of fire, and have yellow flame and paraffin smell when burning are nontoxic polyethylene or polypropylene. Any plastic that feels sticky to the touch, is difficult to burn in case of fire, has a green flame when burning, and has a choking smell is PVC, and cannot be used as a food container. Don't choose brightly colored plastic tableware. According to the test, the release of heavy metal elements such as lead and cadmium in the color patterns of some plastic tableware exceeds the standard. Therefore, try to choose a colorless and tasteless one without decorative patterns.
13. Couples' tableware
As the name implies, it is a pair of tableware, exclusive to couples. It captures the idea of seeking witness between modern couples, and thus designs and creates a practical, beautiful and unique tableware to express love.
14. Antibacterial tableware
Also known as bactericidal tableware, antibacterial agents are added to the raw materials of tableware to sterilize the tableware without any treatment. The main materials of sterilization tableware are melamine sterilization tableware. Stainless steel sterilization tableware, alloy sterilization tableware and ceramic sterilization tableware. This kind of tableware can kill bacteria on the surface of tableware by using the principle of nano-silver sterilization.
15. Disinfected tableware
refers to tableware that has been disinfected by special methods to kill pathogenic microorganisms. Don't choose to paint chopsticks. Paint contains many toxic substances such as lead and cadmium.
16, disposable tableware
is made of plastic, high foaming materials, coated paper and so on, which is discarded once used.
Country classification
Tableware can be divided into Chinese tableware and western tableware according to the country. Chinese tableware is the tableware used by ordinary people in China, such as chopsticks. The so-called western tableware is the special tableware for eating western food, which generally includes knives and forks. Due to the developed catering industry in China, hotels and restaurants are generally public tableware, which is unsanitary, so various disinfection tableware have appeared one after another, showing a number of enterprises taking disinfection appliances as an example.