history of lotus:

the scientific name of lotus is Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, and the lotus belongs to Nelumbo of Nymphaeaceae.

Nelumbo Adans. is one of the earliest species in angiosperms. According to the fossils studied by paleobotanists, 135 million years ago, lotus plants were distributed in many water areas in the northern hemisphere. At that time, in the late period of the sharp decline of giant reptile dinosaurs, it grew on the earth much earlier than the appearance of human ancestors (2 million years ago). According to Paleobotany (1965) by A.H. Christophevich of the former Soviet Union, lotus fossils were found in the Cretaceous in the Arctic of North America and the amur river Stream in Asia (i.e. Heilongjiang), and in the Oligocene and Miocene strata in Europe and East Asia (Sakhalin Island) and Japan. In those days, the temperature on the earth was warmer than it is now, and there were about 11~12 species of lotus plants distributed in five continents. With the advent of the post-glacial Ice Age, the global temperature dropped, which made many plants extinct, while others were forced to drift away, completely breaking the original geographical distribution. Due to this disaster, two species of Nelumbo survived, and their distribution range was reduced. Chinese lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is distributed in Asia and northern Oceania, and N.lutea, which drifted to North America. Paleobotanists also pointed out that the lotus fossils from Pleistocene to Holocene (2 million years ago) excavated in Hokkaido and Kyoto, Japan, are similar to modern Chinese lotus; In China, what are you doing? Fossils of lotus leaves from 1 million years ago are similar to modern Chinese lotus. In the 1971s, China Petroleum Exploration and Development Planning and Research Institute of the Ministry of Petrochemical Industry and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences recorded in the book "Early Tertiary Sporopollen in Coastal Areas of Bohai Sea" that two species of lotus pollen fossils were found in Panshan, Liaoning Province, Beidagang, Tianjin, Kenli, Guangrao, Shandong Province and Cangzhou, Hebei Province. Fossils of lotus plants have also been found in the strata of Changchang basin in Qiongshan, Hainan Island, China, in the Tertiary tropical plant geographical area. At present, the original wild lotus is still distributed in the lakes and swamps of Fuyuan, Hulin, Tongjiang and Shangzhi counties in Heilongjiang Province. The above shows that the lotus is an ancient plant before the ice age, and it belongs to the representatives of relict plant, such as melasequoiagly plostroboides, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron chinese in China, Sequoia sempervirens, etc., which were not swallowed by the ice age glaciers and survived.

water hibiscus is lotus. Qunfangpu: "Lotus is also called lotus and water hibiscus." Because woody frost-resistant flowers are as bright as lotus flowers, they are called "hibiscus" and "Manglietia". In order to clarify their differences, they are also called water hibiscus. Call the frost-resistant flower hibiscus mutabilis.

grass hibiscus lotus. "Guang Qun Fang Pu" "Lotus flower: lotus flower hibiscus, a water hibiscus." Note the cloud: "Du Fu's poem notes the cloud: those who are born on land are called hibiscus mutabilis, and those who are born in water are called hibiscus fragrans."

a splash is a lotus. Also known as water bloom, Hua Gu Tong Hua. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica: Explanation of "Lotus": "Lotus, Lotus and Water Bloom" Song Zhuxi's poem "Gui Fu buys wine for Yan Ji on the White Lotus Marsh, and Yan Ji has poems, which are presented to all the friends on the seat because of its rhyme": "Poor Bai Le" has a clean splash and leans away from the cloak to cover it. "

another name for Shuizhilian. "Vegetation" in Pu Cuibao's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times: "Furong is an Iowa, a Shuimu, a Shuizhi and a Shuihua." Compendium of Materia Medica: "The Classic refers to lotus seeds as' Shuizhidan'." Jin Yuanhao asked "Boating on Daming Lake": "It's cool in the evening, and the water is dark and there is no way. Jiang Fei does not hesitate to smell the water, and the autumn wind and autumn dew are messy. " Qiu Jin, the heroine of Jianhu Lake, wrote the poem "The Clear Rhyme of Dui Dui": "I am fond of spreading my wealth and praising Ren Xia, and I am fond of reciting Ci and Fu as a bookworm. Turbid flow is in the original and clean state, and the former life is similar to Shuizhi. "

another name for Zezhilian. "Lei Ju" 82 quoted Guo Pu's "Er Ya Tu Zan Fu Rong Zan" as saying: "Fu Yung Lai grass is called Zezhi, ..." The ancient and modern notes also contained the lotus alias Zezhi. Liu Song Bao Zhao's "Fu of Furong": "Interview with Qunying is brilliant, and the elevation is named Zezhi." Liu Song Yan Yanzhi's Ode to Bi Furong: "Zezhi is gorgeous and good at strange water." Liang Jiangyan's "Lotus Flower Fu": "If its Huapu has different names, its roots and leaves are different, that is, it is called Lotus, and it is also called Zezhi." Another name for Lingcao Lotus. Wei Caozhi's "Fu of Furong": "Looking at the glory of Baihui, there is no unique spirit of Sihua." Wu Minhong's preface to the fu of hibiscus: "There is hibiscus lingcao, which is planted in Zhongchuan." Therefore, it is called "Lingcao".

another name for Yuhuan Lotus. "Materia Medica" contains: "Lotus is also known as Yuzhi."

uses of lotus:

lotus is a hypertrophy rhizome of perennial aquatic plants of Nymphaeaceae, which originated in India and China. It has been cultivated in China for about 3,111 years and has been planted in all parts of China since then. It is a high-carbohydrate and low-fat food, which contains not only protein, starch, vitamins, carotene and asparagine, but also asparagine, amino acids, fenugreek, pyrocatechol, etc. Lotus roots are harvested in autumn, winter and early spring, with fat, white and pure sweetness as good, fresh and tender when eaten raw, and strong and old when cooked.

The effective components of lotus seed can inhibit hemodynamics, inhibit myocardial contractility, slow down heart rate, dilate coronary artery, relax blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and have anti-arrhythmia and anti-myocardial ischemia effects. ● The alkaloids of lotus seeds have anti-free radical effect. The water decoction of plumula Nelumbinis has been proved to have therapeutic and preventive effects on this model by the experiment of ventricular blood cell aggregation. ● Lotus seeds have the function of anti-aging and prolonging life. ● Lotus seeds contain xanthophylline oxide, which can inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ● Alkaloids in lotus seeds have inhibitory activity on ADT enzyme on rat brain cell membrane.

Lotus leaves (lotus leaves) can clear away heat and detoxify; Rhizome node (lotus root node) can stop bleeding and remove blood stasis; Stamens (lotus whiskers) can strengthen kidney and astringent essence; The receptacle (lotus room) can remove blood stasis and stop bleeding.

Lotus seed is a good food for all ages. According to the research of scientists, the carbohydrate content of dried lotus seeds is as high as 62%, and that of protein is as high as 16.6%. The contents of fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins B1, B2 and carotene are also quite rich. As a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effects of invigorating spleen, benefiting lung, nourishing heart, consolidating essence and tonifying deficiency, and is suitable for palpitation, insomnia, nocturnal emission, excessive leucorrhea and chronic diarrhea. Medical books contain "nourishing the middle energizer" and "treating insomnia and dreaminess". Eating a bowl of lotus seed soup in the evening, or stewing lotus seeds and pig hearts, or cooking porridge with lotus seeds and glutinous rice can calm the mind and promote sleep.

Application: In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the ancestors used lotus as a tonic, and the medicinal use of lotus has a history of more than 2,111 years in China. Lotus is the representative of holiness, but also the symbol of holiness and purity of Buddhism. Lotus leaves the dust and is clean and flawless. Therefore, the people of China and the majority of Buddhist believers take the noble quality of lotus as the motto to motivate themselves to lead a totally clean life. Lotus is the symbol and messenger of friendship. In ancient China, there was a tradition of giving away plums in spring and picking lotus flowers in autumn. Since ancient times, people in China have regarded lotus seeds as precious food, and they are still high-grade nourishing nutrition. Many places specialize in lotus seed production. Lotus root is the best vegetable and preserved fruit. Lotus leaves, lotus flowers, lotus plums and so on are also the favorite medicated foods of China people. Visible lotus food culture is rich and colorful. Traditional lotus seed porridge, preserved lotus seeds, lotus seed powder, lotus root slices with meat, steamed pork with lotus leaves, lotus leaf porridge and so on are numerous. In China's flower culture, lotus is the most interesting object of flower-chanting poetry and the theme of flower-and-bird painting; It is the most beautiful and colorful dance material; It is also the most commonly used and most beautiful pattern decoration and modeling on various architectural decorations, sculpture techniques and living utensils. Lotus is a famous traditional flower in China.

lotus, also known as lotus, lotus flower, whiplash, water hibiscus, Shuizhi, Shuiyun, Shuidan, and Shuihua, is known as Xike and Yuhuan, while the unopened buds are called cymbidium, and the blooming flowers are called Gentiana. It belongs to the perennial aquatic perennial herb of Nymphaeaceae, and its underground stems are called lotus root. It is one of the top ten famous flowers in China. It is the national flower of India.

Chinese scientific name: Lotus

Latin scientific name: Nelumbo nucifera

alias: Lotus, Lotus, In ancient times, they were called hibiscus, lotus and Daphnia

kingdom: plant kingdom

phylum: angiosperma

class: dicotyledonous plant class: Magnoposida

order: Protales

family: Nelumbonaceae

genus: Nelumbonaceae. Herb, the rhizome is as small as a finger at first, with a transverse rhizome, which is the lotus root we eat every day. The leaves are round, above the water, with long petioles and thorns, and grow in a shield shape. Flowers solitary at the top of pedicel, with a diameter of 11 ~ 21 cm; Calyx lotus

piece 5, caducous; Petals are mostly red, pink or white; Most of them are stamens; Carpels are many, free and embedded in sponge receptacle points. Nuts are oval or oval, commonly known as lotus seeds, and are 1.5 ~ 2.5 cm long. China's northern and southern provinces are widely cultivated. Lotus is a treasure all over the body. Lotus root, leaf, petiole, lotus stamen and lotus house (receptacle) can be used as medicine to clear heat and stop bleeding. Lotus plumule (embryo of seed) has the effects of clearing away heart fire, strengthening heart and lowering blood pressure; Lotus seeds (nuts) have the effects of invigorating spleen, stopping diarrhea, nourishing heart and benefiting kidney. Lotus root can be used as a vegetable or to extract starch (lotus root powder). Lotus originally refers to its fruit, commonly known as lotus; The later flowers and fruits are commonly called lotus. The hypertrophy part of its underground stem is called lotus root. It is widely planted in the north and south of China, especially in Wuhan and Hangzhou. Lotus is one of the earliest species and genera of angiosperms. According to the fossils studied by paleobotanists, 135 million years ago, lotus plants were distributed in many water areas in the northern hemisphere. It grew on the earth much earlier than the appearance of human ancestors (2 million years ago). Lotus is an ancient plant before the ice age, and it, together with Metasequoia glyplost roboides, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron chinese in China, Sequoia sempervirens, etc., are representatives of relict plant who survived the ice age. [1]