After the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) in 2008, China carried out a new policy of administrative and institutional reform. The biggest reform in the area of food safety supervision and management is "the State Food and Drug Administration was transferred to the Ministry of Health to rationalize the food and drug regulatory system". The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the supervision of the production of agricultural products; the State General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine is responsible for the supervision of food production and processing and import and export food safety; the State Administration for Industry and Commerce is responsible for the supervision of food circulation; the State Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the supervision of food safety in the catering and canteen sectors. Various departments need to work closely together to form a synergy, **** with the work of food safety supervision. By the Ministry of Health in conjunction with the State Food and Drug Administration in due course to promote the integration of food safety supervision team. In the food production, circulation, supervision and management of consumer licensing work, the Ministry of Health is responsible for food production, circulation of health norms and conditions, into the food production and circulation of licensing conditions; the State Food and Drug Administration is responsible for catering, canteens and other consumer food hygiene licensing supervision and management; General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine is responsible for the supervision and management of food production licensing; State Administration for Industry and Commerce is responsible for the supervision and management of food circulation license. No longer issued food production and distribution of health licenses.
1. Ministry of Health
The Ministry of Health is a constituent department of the State Council, and its main responsibilities in food management are as follows:
①Promote the reform of the medical and health system. It formulates strategic objectives, plans and policies for health reform and development, drafts laws and regulations related to health, food safety, pharmacy, and medical devices, formulates regulations on health, food safety, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices, and formulates relevant standards and technical specifications in accordance with the law.
② assume the overall coordination of food safety, organization and investigation of major food safety incidents, the organization of the development of food safety standards, responsible for food and related products, safety risk assessment, early warning work, the development of food safety inspection agency accreditation conditions and test specifications, unified release of major food safety information.
③ Responsible for health emergency response, develop health emergency plans and policy measures, responsible for monitoring and early warning of public **** health emergencies and risk assessment, guidance for the implementation of prevention and control of public **** health emergencies and emergency response, release of information on emergency response to public **** health emergencies.
4 guide the standardization of health administration and law enforcement, in accordance with the division of responsibilities for occupational health, radiation hygiene, environmental health and school health supervision and management, responsible for public **** place and drinking water health and safety supervision and management, responsible for the prevention and control of infectious diseases supervision.
⑤ In conjunction with the State Food and Drug Administration in due course to promote the integration of food safety supervision team.
The Ministry of Health has 15 internal organizations, of which the following three are most closely related to food management.
①Department of Policies and Regulations. Drafts laws and regulations on the enclosure, organizes the formulation of health policies and standards; drafts departmental regulations; undertakes the review of the legality of the relevant normative documents of the organ; undertakes the relevant administrative reconsideration and administrative appeals.
② Health Emergency Response Office (Emergency Response Center for Public **** health time). Formulation of health emergency and emergency medical rescue planning, systems, plans and measures; guide the prevention and preparation of public **** health emergencies, monitoring and early warning, disposal and rescue, analysis and evaluation of health emergency response activities; guide the local implementation of prevention and control of public **** health emergencies and other emergencies and emergency medical rescue; organization and implementation of prevention, control and emergency response to sudden outbreaks of acute infectious diseases; major disasters, terrorist, Poisoning events and nuclear accidents, radiation accidents and other organizations to implement emergency medical rescue; release of public **** health emergencies emergency response information.
③ Food Safety Coordination and Health Supervision Bureau. Organization of the formulation of food safety standards; undertake to organize the investigation and handling of major food safety accidents; organization of food safety monitoring, risk assessment and early warning work; the development of food safety inspection agency accreditation conditions and test specifications; undertake the release of major food safety information; guidance to regulate the administrative law enforcement of health; in accordance with the division of responsibilities, responsible for occupational hygiene, radiological hygiene, environmental hygiene and school health Supervision and management; responsible for public **** places, drinking water health supervision and management; responsible for infectious disease prevention and control supervision; rectify and standardize the medical services market, organizations to investigate and deal with violations; supervise major medical and health violations.
2. State Food and Drug Administration
State Food and Drug Administration for the Ministry of Health management of the State Bureau (vice-ministerial), its main responsibilities in food supervision and management are as follows: ① formulate policies, planning and supervision and management of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, cosmetics and consumer food safety supervision and management and supervise the implementation of, and participate in the drafting of relevant laws, regulations and departmental draft regulations; ② responsible for consumer food hygiene licensing and food safety supervision and management; ③ develop consumer food safety management standards and supervise the implementation of consumer food safety surveys and monitoring of food safety in the consumer sector, and release information related to consumer food safety supervision; ④ organization to investigate and deal with consumer food safety and pharmaceuticals, medical devices, cosmetics, the development, production, circulation, use of illegal acts; ⑤ guidance Local food and drug supervision and management, emergency response, inspection and information construction work; ⑥ to carry out food and drug supervision and management of international exchanges and cooperation; ⑦ responsible for the supervision and management of health food, laws and regulations provide for other provisions of the provisions of the ⑧ by the Ministry of Health, in conjunction with the State Food and Drug Administration to promote the integration of food safety supervision team in due course.
The State Food and Drug Administration has 10 internal organizations (deputy directorate level), which has the closest relationship with the management of food policy and regulations, food safety supervision, inspection bureau.
3. Ministry of Agriculture
The Ministry of Agriculture is a department of the State Council in charge of agricultural and rural economic development. The main responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture in the area of food management are as follows: (1) to study and formulate the industrial policy of agriculture, to guide the rational adjustment of the structure of the agricultural industry, the rational allocation of agricultural resources and the improvement of the quality of the products, and to put forward proposals on the prices of agricultural products and agricultural means of production, adjustment of tariffs, distribution of agricultural products, rural credit, taxes and other measures to improve the quality of the products. Agricultural products and means of production prices, tariff adjustments, bulk circulation of agricultural products, rural credit, taxation and agricultural financial subsidies policy recommendations; organization of the drafting of planting, animal husbandry, fisheries, township and village enterprises and other agricultural industries, draft laws and regulations. ② study and formulate guidelines and policies for the industrialization of agriculture and the construction and development of bulk agricultural market system planning. Promote the integration of agricultural pre-production, production and post-production; organize and coordinate the construction of food basket projects and agricultural means of production market system; study and put forward proposals for the import and export of major agricultural products, important agricultural means of production; forecast and release of agricultural products and agricultural means of production supply and demand and other rural economic information. ③ draw up technical standards for various industries in agriculture and organize their implementation; organize and implement quality supervision, certification and protection of new varieties of agricultural plants for products of various industries in agriculture and green food; organize the domestic production and import of seeds, pesticides, veterinary drugs, fertilizers and other products related to the grade and supervision and management of agricultural machinery safety. ④ Drafting draft laws and regulations on animal and plant epidemic prevention and quarantine, signing intergovernmental agreements and accords, and formulating relevant standards; organizing and supervising epidemic prevention and quarantine of domestic animals and plants, releasing epidemics and organizing their suppression.
The Ministry of Agriculture has 16 functional divisions (departments, bureaus and offices), of which the ones most closely related to food management are the Department of Industrial Policies and Regulations, the Department of Markets and Economic Information, the Department of Plantation Management, the Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, and the Bureau of Fisheries.
4. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (full ministerial level) is the State Council in charge of the national quality, metrology, entry-exit commodity inspection, entry-exit sanitary quarantine, entry-exit animal and plant quarantine, and certification and accreditation, standardization, and other work, and the exercise of administrative law enforcement functions of the agency directly under it.
The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine mainly in the quality of food inspection and quarantine functions, *** there are 18 internal institutions (Department of Bureau level), which has the closest relationship with the management of food regulations, quality management, health and quarantine supervision, animal and plant quarantine and supervision of the Department of Inspection and Supervision Department, Import and Export Food Safety Bureau, Product Quality Supervision Department, Food Production Supervision Department, law enforcement and supervision of the Department. Supervision Division, Food Production Supervision Division, Law Enforcement Division, etc.
5. State Administration for Industry and Commerce
State Administration for Industry and Commerce for the State Council directly under the State Council, the main responsibilities in food management: ① responsible for the supervision and management of the market and administrative law enforcement work, draft laws and regulations, the development of industrial and commercial administration regulations and policies. ② assume supervision and management of the quality of goods in circulation and circulation of food safety responsibilities, organization and development of consumer rights in the field of related services, according to the division of labor to investigate and deal with counterfeiting and other violations, guidance for consumer consultation, complaints, reports acceptance, processing and network system construction and other work, to protect the operators, the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
The State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC)*** has 13 internal organizations (at the level of department and bureau), of which the ones that are most closely related to food management are the Department of Regulations, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Department of Supervision and Administration of Food Circulation and Bureau of Enterprise Registration.