The most is a year of spring benefits, the absolute victory of smoke and willow full of Huangdu - Tang Han Yu "early spring to present the Ministry of Water Zhang eighteen members outside the bamboo peach blossoms three or two branches, the spring river water warm ducks know first. ----------- Song - Su Shi "Huichong Spring River Evening Scene Two" Waiting to recognize the face of the east wind, ten thousand purples and thousands of reds is always spring. -------- Song - Zhu Xi "Spring Day" Stained with apricot blossom rain, blowing the face is not cold Yang Liu wind.

---- Bai Juyi's "Spring Walk to Qiantang Lake" The moonrise startles the mountain birds, and sometimes they sing in the spring stream. ----- Wang Wei "Birdsong Stream" The spring tide comes in a hurry in the evening with rain, and no one in the wild ferry crosses the boat.

---- Wei Yingwu "Chuzhou Western Stream" Ancient Poem Describing Summer The lotus leaves in the sky are infinitely blue, the lotus flowers in the sun are differently red -... Yang Wanli, "Seeing off Lin Zifang at Dawn from Jingci Temple" (晓出静慈寺送林子方) It rains in every house at the time of the yellow plum, and there are frogs everywhere in the grassy ponds. -------- Song - Zhao Shixiu, "About a Guest" (约客) The fragrance of the flowers is gone, so why do you need to hate them, and the shade of the summer trees is just lovely. ----------- Song - Qin Guan, "Occasional Question on a March Obscurity" (3三月晦日偶题) The flurry of reds and purples has become dust, and the sound of the cuckoo is making a fresh start to the summer season. --------- Song - Lu You, "Absolute Verse on the First Summer The ancient poem describing autumn and famous lines describing autumn The falling sun and the lone rushes fly in unison, and the autumn water **** the long sky in one color -------- Tang - Wang Bo, "The Preface to the Farewell Procession on the Autumn Day at the Kneeling Pavilion in the Hongfu Palace" The Trees are All in Autumn Colors, and the Mountains and Mountains are Only in the Fall Sunshine ------------- Tang - Wang Jie, "The Wild Hope" The Long Wind Sends the Autumn Geese for Ten Thousand Miles, and on This, One Can Soundly Seek the High Tower -------- Tang - Li Bai, "The Preserved Farewell to the School Book Shukyun at the Xieq Lou of Xuancheng Prefecture". In August, the wind is so high that it rolls up three times the thatched roof of my house --------- Tang Dynasty - Du Fu "Song of the Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind" The red candles and autumn light are cold on the painting screen, and the small fan is light enough to catch the streaming fireflies. The night sky is as cool as water, lying down to see the Altair and Vega stars ----- Tang - Du Mu "Autumn Sunset" The sky of blue clouds, the ground of yellow leaves, the autumn color even waves, the waves on the cold smoke emerald ----------- Song - Fan Zhongyan "Su Mouzhi" Ancient Poems Describing Winter and Famous Quotations Describing Winter Suddenly, the spring breeze comes on a sudden night, and a thousand trees and ten thousand trees bloom with pear blossoms --------- Cen Sen "The Song of the White Snow Sending the Wujinguan to Return to the Capital Salt in the air is poorly comparable to that of a willow floss rising from the wind. Willow flakes rise in the wind --------- Jin - Xie Daoyuan, "Snow Couplets" Snowflakes in Yanshan Mountain are as big as a mat, blowing down the Xuan Yuan Terrace ---------- Tang - Li Bai, "Walking in the North Wind" Birds fly away from a thousand mountains, and people go out of sight on ten thousand paths. The first time I saw this, it was a very good time for me to go back to the old days.

-------- -------- Tang-Liu Zongyuan "river snow" Who will be the flat earth 10,000 piles of snow, cut and carved as this even smallpox -------- Tang-Han Yu "plum flower two" Six out of the flying flowers into the house, sit and watch the green bamboo into the agarwood branch --------- Tang-Gao Pian "to the snow" Poetry - Scenery A year of good scenery you have to remember, most of the orange, yellow, orange and green time. It is the time of oranges, yellows and greens.

(Sung) Wang Anshi "Zhongshan that is" Desert lonely smoke straight, the long river sunset round. (Tang) Wang Wei (Envoy to the Seaside) The small building listens to the spring rain one night, and the deep alley sells apricot blossoms in the morning.

(Song) Lu You "Lin'an spring rain first clearing" Picking chrysanthemums under the East Fence, leisurely see the South Mountain. (Jin) Tao Yuanming "Drinking Wine its five" The sky is pale, the field is vast, the wind blows the grass low to see the cattle and sheep.

(North and South Dynasties) folk song "Cile Song" The stream is three thousand feet straight down, suspected that the Milky Way fell nine days. (Tang) Li Bai, "Looking at Mount Lu Waterfalls" The sunrise flowers of the river are more red than fire, and the water of the river is as green as blue in spring.

(Tang) Bai Juyi "Memories of the South River" boundless fallen trees under the Xiaoxiao, endless Yangtze River rolling. (Tang) Du Fu "Ascending the heights of the crowd to him a thousand degrees, suddenly look back, that person is in, the lights are out of sight.

(Song) Xin Qiji, "The Case of the Green Jade" (Yuanyu Xi) Two yellow orioles in the green willow, a line of egrets in the blue sky. （The "Mountain Walk" by Du Mu (Tang Dynasty) The rain of apricot blossoms is dripping on the clothes, and the wind of willow is not cold on the blowing face.

(Song) monk Zhinan "absolute lines" Lone sail far shadow blue sky, but see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. （The moon shines between the pines, and the clear water flows over the stones.

(Tang) Wang Wei "Mountain Dwelling Autumn All Night" Spring color annoys people can not sleep, the moon shifts the shadow of flowers on the appendage. (Song) Wang Anshi "Spring Night" south of four hundred and eighty temples, how many buildings in the smoke and rain.

(Tang) Du Mu "Jiangnan Spring" Qingming Festival rains, the road travelers want to break their souls. I'm not sure where to find a wine shop, but I'm sure I can find a wine shop. The shepherd boy is pointing to the village of apricot blossoms.

(Tang) Du Mu "Qingming" Spring tide with rain late rush, wild crossing no one boat from the cross. (Tang) Wei Yingwu "Chuzhou West Stream" The wild sky is low, the river is clear and the moon is near people.

(Tang) Meng Haoran "Su Jiande River" Alas, the landscape is green. (Tang) Liu Zongyuan "Fisherman".

五体投地、识礼知書、通書達礼、矩步方行、通文达礼等.

1, five bodies to the ground

Explanation: two hands, two knees and head together on the ground. It is one of the most respectful rituals in Buddhism. It is a metaphor for admiration to the extreme.

From: Tang Xuanzang, "Records of the Western Regions of the Great Tang Dynasty - The Three Kingdoms": "The style of salutation, its rituals are nine: First, speaking condolences, second, bowing the head to show respect, third, raising the hands in high respect, fourth, palms together in a flat arch, fifth, bending the knee, sixth, kneeling for a long time, seventh, hands and knees perched on the ground, eighth, the five rounds of all the bending, ninth, the five bodies thrown to the ground."

Translation: the ceremonies of homage, his instruments of nine classes: one, speech of condolence, two, bowing the head in homage, three, with high obeisance, four, flat arching of the palms together, five, bending of the knees, six, kneeling down, seven, crouching of the hands and knees on the ground, eight, yielding of all the five chakras, and nine, casting of the five bodies on the ground.

2. Know the rituals and books

Explanation: Know the rituals and books.

From: Qing Xia Jingqu "wild old man exposition" 58: "This is the family of the guilty minister, silence did not enter the official, the name of the wood name difficult child, gentle and virtuous, know the etiquette of the book, and math."

Translation: This is the family of the criminal minister, silent confiscation of the public, the name of the wooden name of the difficult child, gentle and virtuous, to recognize the knowledge of etiquette, and also a few studies.

3, through the books and etiquette

Explanation: refers to the poetry and books, know the etiquette.

From: Ming Feng Menglong, "Metaphors of the World", Volume 2: "It turns out that Tian is the daughter of Tian Gongyuan of the East Village, but there is a lot of color, and also through the book and etiquette."

Translation: it turns out that Tian is the daughter of the East Village Tian Gongyuan, but there is a very colorful, and communication and etiquette.

4, rectangular step square line

Explanation: Walking in a square pace. It means that the behavior is in line with the norms of etiquette.

From: Qing Dynasty - Li Lueyuan "Divergent Lights", the second time: "Such a Mr., can not be rectangular step square line, but the East and the West, chatting to save the name only."

Translation: such a Mr., can not be rectangular step only line, but the East and West, and save the name.

5, through the text of the ritual

Explanation: refers to the knowledge of etiquette.

From: Qing Dynasty - Dixian Shanren "Ping Shan Leng Yan" seventh: "Although my niece is a small village girl, but reading and writing, through the language and etiquette, talented and virtuous, not less than the ancient columns of the female, there is not on the white wall of the posture, the next on the ranks of the green clothes?"

Translation: not to mention that although the granddaughter is a small village woman, but reading and writing, through the language and etiquette, talented and virtuous, not less than the ancient women, which has up with the posture of the white walls, down to the ranks of the green clothes?

advise you more into a glass of wine, west out of the Yangguan no one.

--- Wang Wei "Send Yuan Er to Envoy Anxi" Lone sail far away from the blue sky, but see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. --- Li Bai "Sending Meng Haoran to Guangling" Peach blossom pool is a thousand feet deep, not as deep as Wang Lun sends me.

---- Li Bai "Gift to Wang Lun" The bright moon is born on the sea, and the end of the world **** this time.

A pot of wine between flowers, drinking alone without relatives. Raise a glass to invite the bright moon, the shadow becomes three.

---- Li Bai, "Drinking alone under the moon" Ten thousand trees of apricots by the river, newly opened overnight wind. The garden is full of deep and light colors, shining in the green wave of the night wind: a night of spring wind.

Tang Wang Ya "spring tour song". The same as you, the eunuchs.

A close friend in 海内存知己, 天涯若比邻. (Wang Bo: "Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou") 2.

(Li Bai: "Send a Friend") 3. The grass will be green next year. （

The next year the grass will be green, will the king return? I would like to advise you to drink a glass of wine, and then go out to the west without any old man.

(Wang Wei: "Sending Yuan Er to Anxi") 5. Cold rain and even the river entered Wu at night, sending guests to the lonely mountains of Chu in the evening. (Wang Changling: "Sending Xin Jian from Hibiscus Tower") 6.

(Gao Shi: "Farewell to Dong Da") 7. Peach Blossom Pond has three thousand feet of water, not as much as Wang Lun sends me. (Li Bai: "Gift to Wang Lun") 8. A lonely sail in the distant sky, only the Yangtze River flowing in the sky.

(Li Bai: "Sending Meng Haoran to Guangling") 9. (Cen Sen: "The Song of White Snow Sends Judge Wu Back to the Capital") 10.Beyond the long pavilion, along the ancient road, the grass is blue even to the sky.

The evening wind whisks the willow flute, and the setting sun is beyond the mountains. The sky's the limit, the sea's the corner, the acquaintance is half scattered.

A ladle of cloudy wine is all I have left to drink, and this night's farewell dream is cold. (Meng Haoran's "Sending Xidai") All are in the same robe, meet all the old (Wang Changling's "Changgexing") The high mountains can be admired, so I greeted Qingfen (Li Bai's "Gift to Meng Haoran") The old man into my dream, Ming me long memories (Du Fu's "Dreaming of Li Bai") A few heavy trees outside the clouds, but not separated from the eyes of the people (Qian Qi's "Re-recognized by the Minister of the Imperial Household, I heard that the Bazhong lying in the sick").

China is a world-renowned state of etiquette, "etiquette" is the prominent spirit of traditional Chinese culture, so to explore the "etiquette", we start from the ancient Chinese understanding of etiquette.

"Manners" is the prominent spirit of Chinese traditional culture.

The word "etiquette" consists of "ritual" and "ritual". In ancient China, etiquette was often both a ritual for sacrificing to ghosts and gods, and a code of conduct for people.

(a) ritual "ritual" in China's ancient books is very rich in content, covering almost all of China's traditional culture. Some people say that traditional Chinese culture is a culture of etiquette.

This statement is reasonable. Specifically, "etiquette" roughly includes some of these elements: 1. etiquette is the fundamental state of the state "Zuozhuan - Hidden Duke 15 years" cloud: "etiquette, by the country, the state, the order of the people, and the people, the benefit of the heirs."

Zuo Zhuan - Zhaogong 15 years: "Rites, the king's great scripture." Zuo Zhuan (左传-昭公二十五年) reads, "Rites are the scripture of heaven, the righteousness of the earth, and the behavior of the people.

The scripture of heaven and earth, and the people actually."

The Analects of Confucius - Advanced: "For the country to ritual."

There is no way to honor the gods of heaven and earth if there is no rite, there is no way to identify the position of the ruler and the ministers, and there is no way to distinguish between the male and female, the father and the son, the brother's kinship, and the sparseness of marriage if there is no rite."

...... Road to prepare for benevolence and righteousness, not a gift can not be. The first is to make sure that you have a good understanding of the situation, and that you have a good idea of what you are doing.

The division of disputes and lawsuits is not a matter of etiquette. If you are a ruler, a minister, a superior, a superior, a father, a son, or a brother, you cannot be sure of what you are doing.

Eunuchs are not close to their teachers. The first is that the first is the first to be a member of the family, and the second is the first to be a member of the family of the deceased.

Prayers, sacrifices, and offerings to the gods and spirits are not sincere or dignified. It is the gentleman who is respectful and prudent, and who makes concessions in order to be clear about his manners."

"Xunzi - Strategy" cloud: "Rites in the right country, such as the weight of the weight, such as rope and ink in the straight and narrow. Therefore, people do not live without etiquette, things do not work without etiquette, and the country is not peaceful without etiquette."

The Book of Rites - Rites of Passage: "The first king of the establishment of the rites, there is the text. Zhongxin, the basis of the rite is also.

Righteousness, the text of the rite. No text can be created without a book.

Rites are also, with the time of day, set up in the ground wealth, smooth in the ghosts and gods, in the hearts of the people, the management of all things also." From this, we can see that rites play a role in maintaining the social order, and are the basis for settling the country.

In ancient China is a very broad concept, including law, morality and ethics. 2. Rites of Passage Rituals: "The son said: 'Rites of Passage is also the reason.

Music is also, section. A gentleman does not move without reason, and he does not act without a festival."

'Shuo' cloud: "Reason, is the reason, the words of the rites to make all things in line with the reason." The Book of Rites and Music also says: "Rites are also, the reason of the non-easy."

"Guanzi - the art of mind" also said: "Rites, said to have reason." Rite through reason, it has the meaning of reason, matter.

Yuanqu "children reunion" said: "This child is impolite, the heart and liver like to know the weight of his miles." The Yuan dynasty song "Yuhu Chun" also said: "This poor guy is rude."

Here, "impolite" refers to "unreasonable". The Guangyun also said: "Ritual, to get the body of the matter also."

"To get the body of the matter" is to know the meaning of the matter. 3. Li is the respect and courtesy to the people "Li Ji - the month order" cloud: "reluctant vassals, hire famous soldiers, the gift of the wise."

The "ritual" here, as "respect" solution. Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals - Shen Daxuan - under the virtuous" cloud: "Therefore, the wise master of the animal people, not love the real people of the gift."

Here also as "respect" solution. In the Yuan dynasty song "Bamboo Leaf Boat", it is said: "This showman does not honor me."

That is, "the showman does not respect me". 4. gift refers to the gift The Book of Rites - Table Records" cloud: "The son said: 'No words do not meet each other, no gift do not meet each other, want the people's no profanity also."

'Note' cloud: "Li, said the sincere also." The "sparse" cloud: "Li, Zhi coin is also Zhi coin, Zhi coin to show their feelings, if there is no Zhi coin gift, shall not see each other."

"Rituals - Miscellaneous Records" cloud: "The deacon is not with the gift."

The "gift" in the quote is all about gifts. The former said that the folk to see each other, have to send gifts, "no gift not to see each other".

The latter is to say that in the funeral gift is too heavy, so do not dare to accept. 5. Rites refers to rituals and ceremonies "Rites" originated from sacrifices, initially a set of sacrificial rituals, and later extended to show respect or to show the solemnity of the rituals and ceremonies.

"Zhou Li - Chun Guan - Da Zong Bo" mentioned the court held at that time the five main ceremonies: auspicious ceremony, murder ceremony, military ceremony, guest ceremony, Jia Li, generally known as the "five rituals", referring to a certain scale, specifications and procedures of the ceremony behavior norms. As for the folk, families have to hold a wedding, funeral, birthday ceremony, as well as in order to entertain the guests and held a banquet, also has a certain scale, specifications and procedures, conventions, mainly for the external behavioral norms, traditionally also known as the rituals.

Here, it is difficult to distinguish between rituals and rituals, and rituals are rituals. The above five aspects, strictly speaking, do not cover all the meaning of "ritual" in ancient China.

Liu Yi Zheng said, "Therefore, the so-called 'rites' in ancient China are all-encompassing, and it is not easy to define them in a single sentence." The French Enlightenment scholar Montesquieu seems to have expressed the ancient Chinese "rites" in a more colloquial and profound way, saying, "The Chinese live their lives entirely by the rites," and "they mix religion, law, custom, and etiquette all together. together.

All these things are morals, all these things are virtues. The aphorisms of these four are called rituals.

The Chinese rulers were successful because of their strict adherence to this ritual. The Chinese spend their entire youth in learning this rite and their entire life in practicing it.

The literati use it for instruction, the officials for propaganda, and all the minutest acts of life are wrapped up in these rites, so that when people find the means of bringing about their strict observance, China is well governed." Montesquieu, observing Chinese culture as a Westerner, is right on the money when he says that the Chinese mix religion, law, custom, and etiquette.

Not only that, but institutions, education, all mixed together. "Ritual" occupies an extremely important position in traditional culture, and radiates to all aspects of national politics and people's lives, producing far-reaching effects, which is a major feature of traditional Chinese culture.

(2) ritual "ritual" in ancient times, its content is also very rich, many times with the "ritual".