Residents in their daily lives in the organic class of living waste solid food, eggshells, fruit peel kernels, tea dregs and other food waste and farmers' markets, wholesale markets of agricultural products discarded fruits and vegetables, etc. belong to the food waste, can be divided into a narrow sense and a broader sense of the food waste to show that.
Narrow sense of food waste:
Discarded unused leftovers, small bones, animal offal, tea dregs, fruit shells and melon peels, eggshells, tea dregs, bones, etc., these wastes are a kind of organic waste, and its main source is the family kitchen, restaurants, hotels, canteens, markets and other food processing-related industries. processing related industries. In addition, plant debris, wilted flowers, discarded cooking oil, etc. also belong to the food waste, the above are several kinds of food waste that can be easily ignored.
Broad food waste:
Used chopsticks, food packaging materials, etc. are also common types of food waste.
Specific classifications are as follows:
1. Ingredient waste:
Grains and their processed foods (rice, rice, pasta, bread, beans); meat and eggs and their processed foods (chicken, duck, pork, beef, mutton, eggs, eggshells, animal offal, bacon, luncheon meat); aquatic products and their processed foods (fish, shrimp, crab, squid); vegetables (green leafy vegetables, root vegetables, mushrooms); waste edible oil and grease, etc.
2. Leftovers:
Fish bones, broken bones, crab shells, shrimp shells, tea leaves, coffee grounds, leftovers and other food residues.
3, waste food seasoning:
Cakes, candies, nuts and other snacks; all kinds of canned food contents; milk powder, flour, bread flour, sugar, spices and other powdered edible products; jam, ketchup and other kinds of condiments; pet feed and so on.
4, melon peel and kernel:
Fruit pulp, fruit peel, fruit stems and branches, fruit kernel, etc..
5, family green plants and flowers:
Family flowers, family potted plant residues and leaves.
These garbage is easy to decay and produce a bad smell, so it should be cleaned up in time. Its main sources are household kitchens, restaurants, hotels, canteens, markets and other industries related to food processing. Food waste contains very high moisture and organic matter, which can easily spoil and produce a bad odor.
Food waste use:
Community food waste composting:
Food waste and other organic waste, by the community centralized treatment and application of composting, the organic fertilizer obtained (can also be understood as farmyard manure) can be appropriately allocated to the use of the resource recycling and reuse.
Special strains of principle materials:
Home to prepare two can be completely closed, the bottom with a filter, grooves and drainage with a special faucet of the food waste bucket. Organic fertilizer deodorizer, natural rice bran, soybean meal as a medium, containing lactic acid bacteria, radiolytic bacteria and photosynthesis bacteria and other strains. The food waste is large and small, meat and vegetables, raw and cooked are not taboo.
The four major classifications of garbage:
1, food waste:
Food waste generated for the kitchen as well as fruit peels and so on. Mainly includes leftovers and western food pastries and other food residues, vegetable stalks and leaves, animal bones and offal, tea leaf residue, fruit residues, fruit shells and melon peel, bonsai and other plant residues and leaves, waste cooking oil and so on.
2, recyclables:
Recyclables of high value, can enter the waste recycling channels. Mainly include: paper (newspapers, flyers, magazines, old books, cardboard boxes and other uncontaminated paper products, etc.), metal (iron, copper, aluminum and other products), glass (glass bottles and jars, flat glass and other glass products), in addition to plastic bags outside the plastic products (Styrofoam, plastic bottles, hard plastics, etc.), rubber and rubber products, milk cartons and other Tetra Pak packaging, beverage bottles (cola cans, plastic beverage bottles, beer bottles, etc.), waste clothing and other textiles, waste electrical appliances, etc.
3. Hazardous garbage: garbage containing toxic and hazardous chemical substances.
Mainly including: electric hazardous waste including waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water thermometer, expired drugs, etc., these wastes need special safety treatment. Waste nickel-cadmium batteries and waste mercuric oxide batteries: rechargeable batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, storage batteries, button batteries Waste fluorescent tubes: fluorescent (daylight) tubes, halogen lamps Waste medicines and their packaging: expired medicines, medication capsules, tablets, medication inner packaging Waste paints and solvents and their packaging: waste paint buckets, hair dyes shells, expired nail polish, nail shampoos
Waste mineral oil and its packaging. Waste mercury-containing thermometers, waste mercury-containing sphygmomanometers: mercury sphygmomanometers, mercury thermometers, mercury thermometers. Waste insecticide and its packaging: rat poison (poisonous rat poison), insecticide spray cans. Waste film and waste photo paper: x-ray film and other photographic film, photo negatives.
4. Other garbage:
The so-called other garbage means other household garbage except recyclables, hazardous garbage and food waste. Other garbage includes napkins, toilet paper, diapers, mops, rags, disposable chopsticks, cigarette butts, large bones, hard shells, hard fruits, hair, masonry ceramics, slag, and other wastes that are difficult to recycle.
Other main types of waste:
Polluted and unsuitable for recycling paper: soiled paper cartons, adhesive sticker paper, wax paper, fax paper, etc..
Types of household items not suitable for recycling: plastic wrap, flexible hoses, stained lunch boxes, garbage bags, mirrors and other glass products with plating, nylon products, woven bags, old towels, underwear, disposable dry batteries, LED lights, toothpicks, dental floss, kitty litter, pet feces, cigarette butts, broken footwear, desiccant, hair, Band-Aids, eyeglasses and so on.
Bones and hard shells: sheep and cattle and other large animal bones, oyster shells, shells, snail shells, durian shells, coconut shells, walnut shells, etc.
Unidentifiable category: garbage whose category cannot be accurately determined by the residents.?
Food Waste Related Regulations:
On May 1, 2020, a new version of the Beijing Municipal Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste (hereinafter referred to as the new Regulations) was officially implemented. In order to cooperate with the implementation of the Regulations, Beijing has also issued the Beijing Municipal household garbage classification work action program, as well as four implementation methods, "flexible" policy to promote in a sequential manner.
Directly related to food waste regulations are as follows:?
Article 26:
Prohibit the production and sale of ultra-thin plastic bags in the city. Supermarkets, shopping malls, marketplaces and other places where goods are retailed shall not use ultra-thin plastic bags, and shall not provide free plastic bags.
Catering operators, catering delivery service providers and hotel operators shall not take the initiative to provide consumers with disposable chopsticks, forks, spoons, toiletries, etc., and shall set up eye-catching reminder signs. The detailed catalog of disposable products shall be formulated by the municipal urban management department in conjunction with the municipal market supervision and management, culture and tourism, commerce and other departments, and announced to the public.
Catering operators in the process of providing services should prompt consumers to reasonable consumption, moderate order; provide buffet, you can make a reminder, after the leftovers over a reasonable limit of charges.
The catering industry associations should play a role in food waste reduction industry self-regulation and services, guide corporate behavior, promote advanced technology, and supervise the implementation of the city's food waste management regulations.
Article 27:
The city has taken measures to gradually implement the listing of net vegetables. Specific measures shall be formulated by the Municipal Department of Commerce in conjunction with the Municipal Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. Conditional residential areas and households can install food waste disposal devices that meet the standards.
Article 33:
Units and individuals generating domestic garbage are responsible for sorting and putting out domestic garbage, and shall sort and put out domestic garbage in accordance with the following provisions:
1. According to the categorization of food waste, recyclables, hazardous garbage, and other garbage, and put them into the collection containers of the corresponding labels respectively;
2. The volume of waste furniture and home appliances, such as larger waste items, shall be put into separate piles. Larger discarded items such as used furniture and home appliances are piled up separately in the place designated by the person responsible for the management of domestic waste classification;
3. Construction waste is piled up separately according to the time, place and requirements designated by the person responsible for the management of domestic waste classification;
4. Ash and soil generated in the daily life of rural villagers are put into the corresponding containers separately or in the place designated by the person responsible for the management of domestic waste classification;
5. Other regulations of the State and the City concerning the classification and placement of household garbage.
Article 36:
The person responsible for the management of classification of domestic garbage shall set up containers for the collection of classified domestic garbage in accordance with the following provisions:
1. Office or production and business places of party and government organs, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and other units shall set up containers for collection of four types of food waste, recyclables, hazardous garbage, and other garbage according to need;
2. p>2, residential neighborhoods and natural villages should be set up in groups in the public **** area of food waste, other garbage, two types of collection containers, and at least one domestic garbage drop-off point to set up recyclables, hazardous waste collection containers;
3, other public **** place should be set up according to the need to set up recyclables, other garbage, two types of collection containers. The person responsible for the management of the classification of domestic garbage can set up collection containers according to the types of recyclables, hazardous waste and disposal and utilization needs, refinement.
The municipal urban management department shall formulate specifications on the color, graphic marking, setting standards and location of the collection containers for the classification of domestic garbage and make them known to the public.
Article 43:
Vehicles transporting household garbage shall obtain a permit to transport household garbage. Transportation of food waste or construction waste such as slag, gravel, earth, mortar, etc., shall be dedicated to a special vehicle and comply with the relevant provisions.
Article 47:
The people's governments of cities and districts shall accelerate the construction of centralized food waste treatment facilities, improve the treatment capacity, and promote the local treatment of food waste at source in accordance with the principle of combining centralized and decentralized treatment, and shall give guidance and economic subsidies for the construction and operation of local treatment facilities for food waste. Specific measures are formulated by the city's urban management, development and reform, finance and other departments.
Food service units should collect food waste separately, and entrust the qualified domestic waste collection, transportation, treatment of professional services for centralized treatment; reach a certain size and have the conditions for local treatment, should be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the city construction of food waste in accordance with the standards of the local treatment facilities for food waste, local treatment and resource utilization of food waste.
It is prohibited to use food waste that has not been harmlessly treated to feed livestock and poultry; it is prohibited to produce, sell and use edible oils and fats made from food waste; and it is prohibited for unqualified units and individuals to collect and transport food waste.
Article 48:
New large-scale vegetable and fruit wholesale markets, farmers markets, logistics and distribution centers, the construction unit shall be in accordance with the planning, standards and simultaneous configuration of discarded vegetables, fruits, on-site treatment facilities. Has been built large-scale vegetable and fruit wholesale markets, farmers markets, logistics and distribution centers are not configured waste vegetables, fruits on-site treatment facilities, the construction unit or management unit should be built; do not have the conditions for the construction of the replacement, management unit should comply with the provisions of Article 35 of the Ordinance, to fulfill the responsibility of the responsible person for the management of classification of household waste. Landscaping department shall organize the construction of treatment facilities, centralized treatment of gardens, public **** green space, parks in the abandoned branches and leaves, flowers.
Article 49:
District people's governments may establish teams for the collection and transportation of domestic garbage in rural areas, or entrust units with professional and technical conditions through public bidding and other means, to be responsible for the collection and transportation of classified domestic garbage in rural areas.
Food waste generated in rural areas shall be treated locally or centrally using biochemical treatment and other technologies in accordance with the requirements of agricultural waste resource utilization. Ash generated in the daily life of rural villagers should be selected in a suitable location away from water sources and settlements, and should be treated by filling pits to create land and other means.
Article 73:
Food service units that collect and dispose of food waste in violation of the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 47 of these Regulations shall be fined from 10,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan by the comprehensive law enforcement department of the city; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be ordered to suspend their business and rectify the situation.
In violation of the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 47 of these Regulations, the use of food waste without harmless treatment of livestock and poultry, or the production, sale and use of food waste edible oil as raw materials, by the agriculture and rural areas, market supervision and management of departments in accordance with their respective responsibilities shall be investigated and dealt with according to law; constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility.
Unqualified units and individuals in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 47 of these Regulations to collect and transport food waste, by the comprehensive law enforcement departments of urban management to suspend their vehicles, confiscate the illegal collection and transportation of food waste and its containers, and impose a fine of 10,000 yuan or more than 100,000 yuan. Violation of road traffic safety laws and regulations on road traffic regulations, the vehicle on the road, by the public security organs of the traffic management department shall be investigated and dealt with according to law.