description of the compilation of Guangdong local standard electrostatic cooking fume purification equipment
(draft for comments)
I. Task source
Guangdong local standard electrostatic cooking fume purification equipment is a standard project approved by Guangdong Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision in 2118. This standard was jointly drafted by Foshan Kelan Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd., Guangdong Institute of Standardization and Guangdong Environmental Protection Industry Association.
this standard is a recommended standard, which is applicable to the electrostatic cooking fume purification equipment produced, sold and used in Guangdong province, and also to the composite cooking fume purification equipment combining static electricity with other methods, except for the special parts (groups) for removing cooking fume by non-static methods. The basic performance requirements, electrical safety, electrical service life, etc. of electrostatic composite fume purification equipment are applicable to this standard.
ii. background, purpose and significance
according to the data in the 2118 China catering industry operation report issued by China cuisine association (hereinafter referred to as the report), "since 1991, the retail sales of catering industry in China has maintained a rapid growth of over 11% for 2117. In 2117, the development of China's catering industry reached a new level, and the retail sales of the catering industry nationwide totaled 1,235.2 billion yuan, up by 19.4% year-on-year. In the first half of 2118, the national accommodation and catering market continued to grow at a high speed, with retail sales reaching 721.7 billion yuan, up 24% year-on-year. It is estimated that the retail sales of the catering industry in China will reach 2 trillion yuan in 2111.
"The catering industry is a sunrise industry with huge growth. Driven by the policy of continuing to fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, accelerating the construction of a harmonious society and achieving sound and rapid economic and social development, China's catering industry continues to maintain a sound, rapid and stable development pattern. At present, the per capita consumption of catering industry in China has just reached $111. Compared with US$ 1,611 and French $1,151, there is still much room for development. Food is the most important thing for the people, and food is the foundation for life. With the influence of the government's policy to stimulate consumption, the rapid growth of urban and rural residents' income and the renewal of consumption concepts, the catering industry will remain a conspicuous consumption hotspot in the future. (Excerpted from China Catering Industry Operation Report in 2117) According to China Catering Industry Operation Report in 2117, Guangdong's catering industry ranks first in the round. However, "cooking fume pollution in catering industry has become the third largest air pollution source after industrial pollution and traffic pollution, and cooking fume pollution in catering industry has gradually become a focus topic of concern." In many cities, complaints about cooking fume pollution in the catering industry have accounted for 31 ~ 41% of environmental complaints. " (Quoted from the Development Report of China's Waste Gas Purification Industry in 2116) The traditional cooking mode in China leads to the inevitable generation of cooking fume. The characteristics of cooking fume pollution are large quantity, wide area, strong low-altitude diffusion, strong intuitive reaction of people, which directly affects human health, and at the same time, the attachment of cooking fume has a great impact on environmental sanitation and damages the image of modern civilized cities. On the one hand, soot emissions are concentrated in densely populated urban areas, which directly affects the health of residents and becomes an important livelihood issue that disturbs people. Inhalation of oil fume can directly damage respiratory mucosa, stimulate human respiratory tract and lungs, reduce human immune function, cause people to have symptoms of choking cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, airway contraction and increased respiratory resistance; In terms of genotoxicity, oil fume can cause cytogenotoxic substances with different biological effects, which are carcinogenic and mutagenic, causing gene mutation and chromosome damage. The research shows that 51.56% of lung squamous cell carcinoma and 61.99% of lung adenocarcinoma in the population should be attributed to the pollution of cooking oil smoke. The pollution caused by cooking fume in catering industry has always been the primary problem and focus of complaints from environmental protection departments. Therefore, the problem of cooking fume in catering industry is not only an environmental problem, but also a social problem. On the other hand, inhalable particulate matter (PM11) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), which are the main pollutants contained in cooking fume, are one of the chief culprits of haze weather in the Pearl River Delta. Inhalable particulate matter has complex components and strong adsorption capacity. It is the "carrier" and "catalyst" of various pollutants, and sometimes it can become a collection of various pollutants. Together with volatile organic compounds, it is the source of photochemical reactions (pollution) in the air.
The oil fume exhaust gas is insoluble in water, and will not fall to the ground with the rain, but will float in the air, forming a long-term pollution source. At present, the effective control method is purification before centralized discharge. In 2111, the State Environmental Protection Administration and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine issued GB 18483—2111 "Cooking fume emission standard", which stipulated the cooking fume emission of the catering industry and provided a legal basis for controlling cooking fume pollution. Excellent cooking fume purification equipment can not only purify the exhausted air, but also centrally recycle waste oil, which can be used as industrial raw materials for daily chemicals such as soap, thus achieving the dual effects of saving and reducing emissions. At present, the cooking fume purification technology is basically mature, and the mainstream products in the market are electrostatic purification. Electrostatic fume removal technology is also recognized as the best method for cooking fume purification with high efficiency, rapidity and meeting the current market demand. However, there is no relevant legal standard for electrostatic catering oil fume purifier at present, so the oil removal efficiency of various products in the market, all kinds of devices with "electrostatic oil removal", does not meet the national standards, and can not meet the needs of current environmental protection, which not only harms users, but also causes trouble to urban environmental governance and hinders national environmental protection. At the same time, it also disturbs the market and limits the development of related equipment manufacturing industries.
judging from the situation of domestic environmental protection equipment manufacturing industry, workshop-style production is still widespread, and it has not really achieved large-scale production. The local protection of the industry is strong, the industrial competition is insufficient, and the low-level repetition is obvious. The development of the industry needs to be guided and promoted by standards. At present, there are no relevant local standards in other provinces. If Guangdong Province takes the lead in introducing local standards, it can well guide the development of the industry and promote the environmental protection industry in our province to gain the first advantage and favorable conditions in the national market competition.
Guangdong province is one of the most developed provinces in China's catering industry. The pollution of cooking fume is relatively more serious than other places, and there are also the most complaints about cooking fume. With the increase of environmental pressure, the national oil fume emission limit is bound to be tightened gradually, and the management of environmental emissions will be strengthened continuously, which will create an excellent development opportunity for the development of environmental protection equipment manufacturing industries such as catering oil fume purification in Guangdong. At the same time, Guangdong's environmental protection equipment manufacturing industry has also developed rapidly in recent years. With the new round of industrial restructuring in Guangdong, environmental protection equipment manufacturing is expected to become a new bright spot in Guangdong's industrial development. For example, Foshan City is planning to list environmental protection industry as a new pillar industry for local economic development.
the formulation of the local standard of electrostatic cooking fume purification equipment can not only guide the development of environmental protection industry in Guangdong province, but also maintain the healthy development of the catering industry, and at the same time meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction, providing technical support for the "blue sky project" in Guangdong.
III. Compilation ideas and principles, technical basis and domestic and international situation:
1. Project technical application background
At present, the oil fume treatment technologies adopted at home and abroad are mainly divided into three categories in terms of purification mechanism: the first category is electrostatic method; The second type is to use mechanical methods such as filtration or inertial collision; The third category is wet treatment methods such as water bath, spray, impact and liquid absorption; Others include high temperature, high energy combustion, photolysis and catalysis, biological method, compound method of combination of various mechanisms and so on. From the point of view of actual market use, electrostatic method is the most widely used, and electrostatic type and composite type containing electrostatic type (generally called electrostatic composite type) account for about 81% of the market. Electrostatic method is also the most practical, most suitable method to treat catering oil fume and the best purification effect.
the principle of electrostatic oil fume purifier is to capture oil fume particles by using electrons emitted by cathode in high-voltage electric field and negative ions generated by electrons colliding with air molecules, so that the oil fume particles are charged, and then the charged oil fume particles are adsorbed by anode under the action of electric field, so as to achieve the purpose of oil fume purification. Electrostatic field has a high collection efficiency for submicron particles, which can effectively remove fine oil particles without causing secondary pollution; At the same time, ozone produced in the process of gas discharge also has a certain effect on odor removal.
The oil fume purifier has appeared in China for many years, but the development of the industry has not been standardized. Due to increasingly fierce competition, soaring material costs and rising labor costs, some manufacturers or distributors have obtained orders through irregular means. The main situations are as follows:
The first one is to exaggerate the user's on-site air volume, and then increase the handling air volume of the equipment, so that users feel that their equipment has a lower handling air volume price per cubic meter. We have encountered such a case. There are only three burners in the kitchen, and the air volume of the fan reaches 31,111 cubic meters per hour, and the matching lampblack purifier also uses a processing capacity of 31,111 cubic meters per hour. But after our measurement, the actual air volume of the system is less than 11,111 cubic meters per hour. In this case, the user chose these equipment with large air volume, which seems to be cost-effective on the surface, but it may actually be cheated.
the second is to emphasize only the treatment air volume, ignoring the treatment effect. The minimum removal efficiency requirements of large, medium and small oil fume purification facilities in national standards are 85%, 75% and 61% respectively. However, for the standard of the maximum allowable emission concentration of 2 mg per cubic meter, it is not enough to use only one equipment with the above removal rate, and the removal rate of good equipment exceeds the above standard, but through simple calculation, it can be known that the cost of the equipment with the same air volume treatment efficiency of 84% is twice that of the equipment with the removal efficiency of 61%; The cost of equipment with a removal rate of 94% is three times that of equipment with a removal efficiency of 61%. Therefore, it is unreasonable to look at the price of air volume per cubic meter without considering the removal rate of equipment.
the third way is to use short-term means to improve the removal rate of equipment to meet the acceptance of management departments. The common method is to install a high-density filter material with a certain thickness in the equipment. In this way, a high removal rate can be achieved in a short period of time, but as short as one or two days and as long as three or five days, these filter materials must be removed, otherwise the discharge will be seriously affected due to blockage.
the above practices may help these businesses to grab some orders, but in the end, it will harm the interests of users and the reputation of the whole industry. Therefore, the industry needs to be further standardized, and the country has begun to revise the national standards for oil fume emission, but there is no relevant standard for oil fume purification equipment. The local standard "Electrostatic Cooking Oil Fume Purification Equipment" formulated by our company is the standard for regulating the equipment for treating oil fume by electrostatic method. At the same time, we also hope that the industry can establish norms and restrict each other.
with the in-depth implementation of the national environmental protection administration's emission standard for cooking fume (for trial implementation) (GB18483—2111) and the technical specification for cooking fume purification equipment and testing (for trial implementation) (HJ/T 62—2111), it has promoted the continuous development of cooking fume treatment technology in the national catering industry. According to Article 5.1 of "Cooking Smoke Emission Standard for Catering Industry", "Cooking industry units that discharge cooking smoke must install cooking smoke purification facilities and ensure that they operate as required during operation. The unorganized emission of soot is regarded as exceeding the standard. " The emission standard stipulated in the standard is 2mg/m3. In order to meet this requirement, catering enterprises must adopt purification treatment. The oil fume concentration without purification equipment is about (11 ~ 21) mg/m3, which is definitely beyond the standard. It is urgent to popularize efficient purification equipment to treat cooking fume, so that its emission can meet the relevant national standards and reduce the impact on the environment. With the rapid development of catering industry and the rapid improvement of environmental protection requirements of the country and the people, it is more and more important to establish the standard of catering fume purifier.
2. Compilation ideas and principles:
Three principles are adhered to in the formulation of this standard:
1) Principle according to law: product safety meets the requirements of product quality law and environmental protection laws and regulations. According to the implementation of the Notice of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on Strengthening the Environmental Management of Catering and Entertainment Service Enterprises, the cooking fume pollution in the catering industry is effectively controlled and the environment is effectively protected. Products that meet this standard also meet the requirements of laws and regulations and the direction of environmental protection.
2) principle of protecting the legitimate interests of users: this standard regulates the appearance, structure, safety performance and other products to ensure the safety, effective handling efficiency and normal service life of products. Following this standard can eliminate fake and inferior products and ensure the reasonable service life of products, thus ensuring the maintenance of consumers' legitimate interests.
3) Maintain the development principle of the industry: This standard item is the refinement and specific requirements of the current industry standard HJ/T 62-2111 "Technical Requirements and Testing Technical Specifications for Cooking Fume Purification Equipment" (because the application scope of HJ/T 62-2111 is relatively wide, some key performance requirements are too general to actually play a better binding role). To ensure the benign development of enterprises with product advantages, enterprises with poor technical conditions should carry out technological innovation, maintain industry development, and protect the living space of manufacturers while protecting the interests of users.
3. Technical basis
This standard refers to the relevant national and Guangdong environmental protection management measures for the catering industry, etc. At the same time, the following standards are cited:
GB 4716.1 Safety of household and similar electrical appliances Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 6553 Test method for evaluating the resistance of electrical insulation materials used in harsh environmental conditions
GB 9969.1 General instructions for industrial products
GB/ T 16157 Determination of Particulate Matter in Exhaust Gas from Stationary Pollution Sources and Sampling Method of Gaseous Pollutants
HJ/T 62 Technical Requirements and Testing Specifications for Cooking Oil Fume Purification Equipment
HJ/T 397 Technical Specifications for Monitoring Waste Gas from Stationary Sources
In terms of general performance requirements of products, it combines the performance indexes of Kelan Company's cooking oil fume purification equipment, the requirements prevailing in the market and the legitimate demands of consumers.
4. Situation at home and abroad:
In view of the particularity of Chinese cooking, there is a huge demand for this oil fume purification technology mainly at home, but the technology research and development and demand abroad are not as good as at home. At present, no countries in the world have formulated emission standards for air pollutants in the catering industry, only the United States and Japan have regulated them based on fire laws and regulations:
1. Based on the fire protection standpoint, the American Fire Department has formulated the Equipment Standard for Oil Fume Removal Devices for Commercial Cooking Equipment, which mainly focuses on controlling safety and fire prevention, but does not specify the emission standards for air pollutants.
2. In the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of Japan, it is only stipulated that "if there are pollution facts, the local environmental protection authorities may require public and private places to solve the pollution problem by administrative order". In addition, Japan controls it by fire protection laws and regulations based on the fire protection standpoint, such as the Technical Standard for Oil Fume Removal Devices Attached to Business Kitchen Equipment formulated by Tokyo Fire Department.
3. Hong Kong, Taiwan and China: There are related cooking fume emission standards, such as Taiwan Province's Draft Regulation and Emission Standards for Air Pollutants in Catering Industry. Although there are emission standards in China, there are no relevant standards for equipment.
electrostatic cooking fume purification technology has been rising as early as the 1971s, and it has been relatively mature so far, and is gradually becoming the mainstream cooking fume purification technology. It is expected that this technology will continue to be the mainstream technology in the next ten years.
fourth, within the key