The National Stadium "Bird's Nest", one of the iconic buildings of the Beijing Olympic Games, is located in the southern part of the Beijing Olympic Park, on the east side of the Central Axis, and is the main stadium of the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. It covers a total area of 21 hectares with a building area of 258,000 square meters. There are about 91,000 spectator seats in the stadium, including about 11,000 temporary seats.
The opening and closing ceremonies of the 29th Olympic Games and the 13th Paralympic Games, as well as the finals of the track and field and soccer competitions, were held here in 2008. After the Olympic Games it will become a comprehensive large-scale venue for culture and sports, fitness and shopping, catering and entertainment, tourism and exhibition, and a landmark sports building and Olympic legacy.
The Water Cube is one of the iconic buildings of the Beijing Olympic Games, located in the southern part of the Beijing Olympic Park, west of the central axis, and is the main swimming pool of the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.
The Water Cube is the only swimming venue for more than 10,000 people, with a pledged amount of RMB 960 million.
During the 2008 Olympic Games, the National Aquatics Center assumed the competitions of swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water polo, with a capacity of 17,000 seats for spectators, of which 6,000 seats for permanent spectators, which is a water paradise integrating swimming, fitness and leisure. The National Stadium is one of the three main competition venues of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, which looks like an unfolded fan, and is adjacent to the "Bird's Nest" (National Stadium) and the "Water Cube" (National Aquatics Center), making up a very distinctive architectural complex. It is located in the southern part of Beijing Olympic Park. It is located in the southern part of Beijing Olympic Park, with the Central Axis Plaza in the east, the National Aquatics Center ("Water Cube") in the south, the Digital Beijing Building in the west and the National Convention Center in the north. It covers a total area of 6.87 hectares, with a total construction area of 81,000 square meters, a volume of 510,000 cubic meters, and a maximum capacity of about 20,000 spectators, making it the largest indoor comprehensive stadium in China.
The main stadium area is 30,000 square meters, and the main stadium is connected to the warm-up hall of the same size as the main competition venue. The third floor of the stadium is the VIP box level,*** there are 19 large, medium and small boxes with an area of dozens to hundreds of square meters, and there are restaurants, special elevators and other facilities.
The National Stadium project, with its metal roof and glass curtain wall, is a stadium with Chinese characteristics jointly designed by the Institute of Architectural Design of Domestic Facilities and the Beijing Urban Construction Design and Research Institute, and constructed by the Beijing Urban Construction Group.
As a first-class sports facility in Beijing, the National Stadium is a civic activity center integrating sports competition, culture and entertainment and providing multi-functional services. The seven unique courtyards with Chinese characteristics in the sunken garden of the Olympic Park are a perfect interpretation of the "open Forbidden City". Located 9 meters below the ground in the central area of the Olympic Park, the Sunken Garden is flanked by large shopping centers and subway entrances, and consists of seven courtyards connected together over a 700-meter-long space. From south to north, they are the Palace Gate of the Royal Road, the Hall of Ancient Wooden Flowers, the Gate of Ritual and Music, the Crossing of Yingzhou, the Harmony of Harmonious Courts, and the Watermark of the Everlasting Sky.The seven courtyards are highlighted by Chinese elements, which fully demonstrates the cultural inheritance of China's history and modernity.
Courtyard No. 1: Palace Gate of the Royal Road
The Palace Gate of the Royal Road is the southern entrance space of the sunken garden, with the 18-meter wide Royal Road steps guiding people into the 9-meter sunken plaza, and the entrance of the large steps is designed with a palace gate of the Noon Gate, with a flying eave structure at the top to express the traditional architectural imagery, and the 36-meter square plaza between the large steps to the palace gate is simple and dignified; this is a multi-functional open space, which is the gathering place of the Chinese history and the modern cultural heritage. This is a multi-functional open-air space, it is a distribution space, but also a performance stage, it is the palace gate as the background, in the palace gate opening on both sides of the electric high-definition LED display screen, can play 18 meters wide and 5 meters high giant screen, with the complete function of the amphitheater, the southeast side of the square is a tree line, water, fountains composed of recreational space, the 50-meter long and 6-meter high iterative wall of the water to form the effect of the rising tide and ebbing tide.
No.2 Courtyard: Ancient Wooden Flower Pavilion
The Ancient Wooden Flower Pavilion is a group of three systems of quadrangles that are representative of Beijing residents. It maintains the basic spatial pattern of the traditional quadrangles, expresses the traditional tiled roofing of the quadrangles as well as the system of practice of supporting the roofing, opens up the traditional closed space to the open external space, and adds the elements of hollowed-out tiled walls, reflective ponds, and standing tiled paving to inject new language of expression into the traditional space. Injecting a new language of expression into the traditional space.
Yard No. 3: Lilac Heavy Gate
The Lilac Heavy Gate yard is a transitional space with underground commerce under the dragon-shaped water system on the east side, the subway's Olympic branch line and part of the commercial space on the west side, and the north and south ends connected to the front and back yards. There are red walls and hundreds of "drums" supported by red steel structures. The drum surface can be knocked, the drum inside the lamp, the day is the drum, the night is the lamp, drum and lamp combination for the Olympic Games set up a festive red door. Here also in the pavement next to set up a row of "copper Xiao", tube on the empty, the wind can be sounded, tube under the light, to guide passers-by. There is also a bell tower, which is filled with bells and bells of rituals and music hung on a steel frame, swaying in the wind, and the clear sound can be surrounded. In addition, in front of the window, thin cords are pulled up, like strings that can be plucked, and the generator under the strings sends out beautiful notes, and through man-made percussion and the flowing wind, the bells and pans ring and the drums chant along with the xiao.
Courts 4 and 5: Crossing Yingzhou
Courts 4 and 5, as well as the Datun Road Pedestrian Tunnel, are the connecting spaces between the north and south gardens, and the subway entrances and exits of No. 4 and the Datun Road transportation hub generate a large number of people, so that traversal constitutes the theme of the space. This traversing transportation space combined with the green leisure space expresses the yearning for Terra Nova Wonderland.
Yard 6: Harmony - Courtyard
Yard 6 Harmony - Courtyard is a typical type of residential architecture in northern China, which is found in both rural and urban areas. The original purpose of the courtyard is to integrate historical and cultural factors into the creation of architecture.
Courtyard No. 7: Watermark Changtian
Courtyard No. 7 of the Sunken Plaza is located at the northernmost end of the Sunken Garden, and the overall spatial planning reflects the prosperity of the country and peace of the people.
The Olympic Park Sunken Garden is operated and managed by the Beijing Xinao Group, and is planned for commercial development. The Olympic Park Tennis Center is located in the Beijing Olympic Park, adjacent to the North Fifth Ring Road in the north, Beichen West Road in the east, Baimiao Village Road in the west, and the archery range in the south. The whole project covers an area of 16.68 hectares; the total construction area is 26,514 square meters,*** setting up 10 pieces of competition venues. Among them, the center field serves as the final venue, which can accommodate 10,000 spectators, the No.1 field can accommodate 4,000 spectators, the No.2 field can accommodate 2,000 spectators, and the No.2 platform has 7 preliminaries fields, each of which can accommodate 200 spectators, with a total number of 17,400 seats. There are also 6 practice courts.
Soon after the 1990 Asian Games, Beijing began to prepare to bid for the 2000 Olympics. the bid report submitted in 1992, proposed the expansion of the existing Olympic Sports Center as the main sports center, in the southern part of the Olympic Sports Center to reserve land for the construction of a new 100,000 people stadium, to the north of the expansion of the Olympic Village; in the western part of the five pines to build " 21st Century Sports Center", including swimming pools, gymnasiums and tennis courts. At the time, international sports organizations had low requirements for venues, and Beijing only needed to build seven new venues to meet those requirements.
However, Beijing lost the bid for the 2000 Olympics to Sydney by one vote. After five years, in November 1998, the Central Committee and the State Council approved Beijing's bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games, and on March 31 of the following year, the Beijing Municipal Government and the State General Administration of Sport set up the "Beijing Bidding for the 2008 Olympic Games Planning and Coordination Group" to study the layout of the Olympic venues and the Olympic Center. The central area of the total site **** after four stages of site selection work, the first stage **** there are 15 programs, to the third stage of the Olympic Sports Center, Dingfuzhuang, the district and Yizhuang four directions, to the fourth stage of the selection of the Olympic Sports Center and the southeastern part of the Yizhuang two directions, refined to five programs. Finally, in order to give the jury the best impression in the bidding process, the municipal government decided to give up the southeast direction compatible with the direction of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, and chose the northern part of the city, which was more maturely constructed due to the Asian Games, to build the Olympic Center, expanding the Olympic Sports Center to the north, and using the land reserved for the administrative center originally planned for the northern extension of the Central Axis Line to be converted into an Olympic Park.
This piece of reserved land was originally within the boundaries of Datun Township and Wulili Township. Wulili was named for its low-lying terrain, while Datun was named for the ancient battlefield between Song and Liao, where the Song army stored grain. Originally farmland, the site was planned as a science city in the 1960s and the 917 Building was constructed to house several research institutes under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since the site was reserved for planning, Beijing did not build anything on it, so it became an area for transient people and even a market for waste paper at one time. Immediately after the site selection, the municipal government started to collect proposals for the planning of the Olympic Center, and in early March 2000, the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission held an international competition for the planning of the Olympic Center, and in July, 12 finalists were selected after expert evaluation. Subsequently, after synthesizing the various proposals, the bidding program was formed.
The planning scope of the bidding program includes the former Olympic Sports Center, the Chinese Nationalities Park, the central area, the Nationalities Avenue and the Wuli Forest Park, covering an area of 1,215 hectares. In the central area, a new stadium, swimming center, gymnasium, tennis center, field hockey rink, archery range, and the use of the exhibition hall of the new exhibition center as a competition venue and the main press center, international broadcasting center. Including the existing venues, *** set up 14 venues, which can hold competitions in 15 sports. The stadium, gymnasium and swimming center are distributed on the east side of the central axis, connected by a podium; the exhibition center is located on the west side of the axis, and the east side of the sports buildings in a symmetrical layout, the middle of the central axis to set up a plaza 800 meters long and 400 meters wide, the north end of the set up a twin towers, the tower is 500 meters high, with a floor area of 600,000 square meters, as offices, hotels and other functions, to mimic the Vatican's St. Peter's Basilica in front of the door The obelisk shape was intended to introduce Western architectural styles, but it was criticized for ignoring traditional cultural features. The Olympic Village is set up in the northwest corner, with a total floor area of 470,000 square meters, three restaurants, and containing 360,000 square meters of athletes' apartments. A forest park was set up in the north. After the bid was successful, the 500-meter Twin Towers proposal was abandoned, taking into account factors such as safety, funding, and feasibility. Subsequently, under the authorization of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission conducted another call for proposals for the planning of the Olympic Park in March 2002, and held an exhibition of the planning and design proposals from July 16th to 29th at the Beijing International Convention Center. The final winner of the first prize was the joint design of Sasaki Architects of the United States and Tianjin Huahui Engineering Architectural Design Co., Ltd. of China, which became the blueprint for the final design of the Olympic Park. In this proposal, the designers put forward the concept of the "5,000 Years of Chinese Civilization Memorial Boulevard", which extends northward along the central axis, with five memorial plazas for the People's Republic of China, the Song Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, and the Three Kings and Five Emperors, the last two of which are located in the Olympic Forest Park, with the axes eventually disappearing into the forest park. The last two of them are located in the Olympic Forest Park, and the axis finally disappears into the Forest Park, implying that the ancient civilization of China started in nature; the part of the Forest Park located on the northern side of the fifth ring road is mainly mountains, implying the Kunlun Mountains; the southern part is mainly water, implying the East China Sea, and the central part of the park is set up with an island, implying the Penglai Immortal Island. The lake in the forest park serves as a "dragon head", causing a dragon shaped water system in the entire Olympic Park, bringing nature into the city.
In November 2003, a call for landscape design proposals for the central area of the Olympic Park and the Forest Park was held, and the joint proposal of Sasaki Architects and Beijing Tsinghua Urban Planning and Design Institute won the competition, naming the central axis as the "Axis to Nature" for the first time. On the basis of these proposals, the designers deepened the project, eliminating the concept of the "5,000 Years Memorial Boulevard" after much discussion, moving the main hill of the Forest Park south of the Fifth Ring Road, and reducing the area of water surface in order to compress the investment. The first project of the Olympic Park, Xindian Road, started on June 7, 2003; on December 24 of the same year, the construction of the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube began; the subway Olympic branch line started in May 2005; and the Forest Park started on June 30 of the same year. In 2008, these projects were completed. The Water Cube was completed on January 28th; the Bird's Nest was officially completed on June 28th, marking the completion of the construction of the Olympic Park and competition venues; and the Olympic Spur Line was opened on July 19th.
Subsequently, between the opening of the Olympic Games on August 8, 2008, and the closing of the Paralympic Games on September 17, 2008, the Olympic Park hosted a large number of competitions as the main venue. After the closing of the Paralympics, the Olympic Park was closed to the public; from September 28 to October 6, it was open free of charge (with tickets issued to control the crowds) and became Beijing's most popular attraction; it was closed again for 2 days before being opened to the public free of charge and without tickets.