Ancient Buildings in Yichang, Hubei Province —— Wudang Mountain Ancient Architecture Complex
Brief introduction of ancient buildings in Wudang Mountain;
The Gongque Temple in the ancient buildings of Wudang Mountain embodies the architectural artistic achievements of Han secular architecture and religious architecture in China during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient architecture is located in the picturesque foothills of Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province, and gradually took shape in the Ming Dynasty. Among them, the Taoist architecture of Wudang Mountain can be traced back to the 7th century. It combines exquisite architectural structure and exquisite carving art, and fully demonstrates the intelligence and artistic creativity of the working people of the ancient Han nationality. These buildings represent the highest level of art and architecture in China during the Han Dynasty in the past thousand years. The ancient architecture complex of Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province was listed in the World Heritage List in February.
Ancient Buildings in Yichang, Hubei Province —— Wudang Mountain Ancient Architecture Complex
Architectural features of ancient buildings in Wudang Mountain;
plan
Wudang is unique in its architecture. Wudang has the largest Taoist temple complex in China. According to records, Judy used 300,000 craftsmen to practice martial arts, which lasted 12 years and there were about 8,000 temples. Statues, offerings, utensils, treasures, sacred tents and other facilities in Wudang Mountain Temple are mostly handed down by the royal family and magnificent. At that time, it was widely rumored that Wudang Mountain Dojo was a world of "gold and silver". Later, due to continuous expansion, there were as many as 20,000 Taoist buildings in Wudang.
The architecture of Wudang Mountain is arranged according to the myth of cultivating immortals of Zhenwu Emperor, and is built according to the intention of integrating politics with religion, which embodies the "solemn", "mighty", "mysterious" and "magical" atmosphere needed by imperial power and Taoism. From the foot of the mountain to the Golden Hall of Tianzhu Peak at the top of the mountain, a 70-kilometer-long "Shinto" is paved with monochromatic bluestone, and huge buildings such as Bagong, Erguan, 36 Antang, 72 Rock Temple, 39 Bridge and 12 Pavilion are built on both sides of the Shinto. /kloc-for 0/2 years, Judy has always paid attention to talking, and has issued more than 60 imperial edicts before and after, ranging from dispatching manpower to examining and approving design drawings to handling building surplus materials. Judy repeatedly urged him to obey nature and not to make any changes to the mountains. This is another feature of Wudang Taoist architecture, which embodies the Taoist thought of "advocating nature".
Wudang architecture makes full use of majestic peaks and steep caves, and each temple is built in a suitable position between the peaks and caves, so that it blends with the surrounding trees, rocks and streams, which is like a natural picture.
Wudang Mountain, as a famous Taoist mountain, is still burning incense. Its vicissitudes of life, melodious Taoist music, rich myths and legends, and those devout pilgrims convey an ancient cultural atmosphere.
Although many temples have become ruins, the existing buildings are still magnificent and exquisite, and there are many wonders that are amazing. For example, a five-story building has a unique masterpiece, with a pillar supporting twelve beams; The nine-bend Yellow River Wall can transmit sound, similar to the echo wall of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. Turn to the big bell in the temple, it strikes silently, and the bell outside the temple is clearly audible; The Golden Temple at the top of the mountain, which is cast in copper and plated with gold, is a treasure of craftsmanship. There are several wonders around it, one of which is the Hall of Thunder and Fire. In ancient times, the Golden Temple had no lightning protection facilities. During a thunderstorm, lightning and fireballs often roll around the Golden Temple, and the scene is colorful. After every lightning strike, the Golden Temple is not only intact, but also as bright as new ... All these make people sincerely admire the wisdom of the ancients.
From the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, Taoism gradually flourished on Wudang Mountain, and many Taoist temples were built, but by the end of the Yuan Dynasty, most of the ancient buildings on Wudang Mountain were destroyed by soldiers. Most of the palaces on the mountain were built in the Ming Dynasty. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it took nearly ten years to build 33 large buildings, such as Yuxu Palace, Zixiao Palace, Yuzhen Palace and Taihe Palace. The design makes full use of the topographical features, with ingenious layout, unique features and mutual echo.
The official investment in the construction of Wudang Mountain Taoist Temple began in the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty and has continued to this day. However, at present, most of the Taoist temples, such as the Eight Palaces and Nine Views represented by the 72 Rock Temple in Antang, were built in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644).
From Jingle Palace to Tianzhu Peak, there are 33 groups of large buildings in Wudang Mountain. These buildings are arranged in strict accordance with the rules and regulations according to the grades. According to legend, Jin Dian, the main hall of Tianzhu Peak, is the place where Zhenwu dominates the world, so it adopts the highest level of architecture-double eaves temple, nine-step bucket arch and yellow.
The huge Taoist temple palace also adopted the unique architectural specifications of the royal family. Daxiong Hall is a single-eaves or double-eaves mountain with seven arches on the upper eaves and five arches on the lower eaves, painted beams and ceilings. The main hall of Yuzhen Palace and the Hall of Supreme Harmony are under one roof. In the architectural combination, the main axis is emphasized, especially the large palace on the platform and the peace. The guiding ideology of "the central axis of imperial power" is very clear. For example, the Yuxu Palace is almost completely built according to the pattern of "three dynasties and five gates" of the royal palace, with three walls: the Outer Luocheng, the Forbidden City and the Inner Luocheng. Just like the three dynasties of the Forbidden City, the five gates were built according to the emperor's etiquette.
Ancient Buildings in Yichang, Hubei Province —— Wudang Mountain Ancient Architecture Complex
Taihe palace
Hall of Supreme Harmony: Located on the south side of Tianzhu Peak, covering an area of 80,000 square meters. There are more than 20 ancient buildings with a building area of more than l600 square meters. The main buildings are:
Jin Dian: A bronze-cast wood-like palace building in the Ming Dynasty, located in the middle of the stone platform at the top of Tianzhu Peak, with an area of about 65,438+0.6 square meters and an orientation of 8 degrees east of south. The main hall is three rooms wide and deep, with a width of 4.4m, a depth of 3. 15m and a height of 5.54m There are 65,438+02 columns around it, with overlapping frames and foreheads. There are double-inclined and single-inclined arch arches on the columns to support the upper and lower eaves respectively, forming a double-eaves basement roof. Dragons cast at both ends of the main ridge face each other.
Four doors plastered with plaster, with four walls installed between columns. The ceiling of the hall adopts a flat chess ceiling with soft and smooth lines. The ground is covered with purple stone, washed and polished. The characteristic of the roof is "pushing the mountain". There is an altar in front of the screen on the back wall of the temple, carved with a statue of the great warrior. On the left, the golden boy holds a book, and on the right, the jade girl holds a treasure. Fire and water will hold a flag and hold a sword to guard the hatchback.
There is a Xuanwu statue under the altar, which is a combination of gold and ten thousand. In front of the altar, there is an incense table and an offering. Above the altar hung a goldsmith's forehead, on which were cast the words "Golden Light and Wonderful Phase" written by the holy father of Qing Dynasty, Michelle Ye. The gold medal of dragon barrel distillation is hung on the eaves of the temple, and the word "Golden Hall" is vertically cast on it. All parts of the temple are cast by lost wax method, and all parts are distilled with gold. Whether it is ceramic tile or wood, it has a rigorous structure and precise joints. After more than 500 years of cold and hot changes, it is still as brilliant as ever, showing the high level of China's foundry industry, and it can be called a bright pearl in the existing ancient architecture and foundry technology.
Ancient Buildings in Yichang, Hubei Province —— Wudang Mountain Ancient Architecture Complex
Zixiaogong
Zixiao Palace is located at the foot of Zhanqi Peak in the southeast of Wudang Mountain. It was built in the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D.119-125) and rebuilt in the 11th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 14 13) and the 31st year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty.
Zixiao Palace was built in the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty and rebuilt in the Yuan Dynasty. It was built in the tenth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (14 12) and was named "Taixuan Zixiao Palace". In the thirty-first year of Jiajing (1552), there were 806 temples. The layout of the building makes full use of the terrain. On the steep and spacious terrain in the longitudinal direction, the central axis building is built, step by step, rising step by step, forming a three-way courtyard. Dragon and Tiger Hall, Monument Pavilion, Tang Shifang, Zixiao Hall and Parents Hall are built from bottom to top, with affiliated halls, East-West Palace and East-West Taoist Garden on both sides, which are distinct in primary and secondary, solemn and solemn, and very royal Dojo style.
Zixiao Palace is the best preserved palace in Wudang Mountain, and its main building has lasted for more than 590 years. The first hall that entered the palace was the Dragon and Tiger Hall. Statues of Qinglong and White Tiger enshrined on both sides of the main hall are more than ten feet high, with exquisite shapes and superb skills, and have a legacy of the Yuan Dynasty. When you leave the Dragon and Tiger Hall, you can climb the stairs, which is the worship hall, also known as Tang Shifang. Behind the main hall is a courtyard with a bluestone pier, and in the middle is the main hall of the palace-Zixiao Hall.
Zixiao Hall is the largest and most well-preserved wooden structure in Ming Dynasty. Located on the three-story decorative column Danyong punching platform, it skillfully uses the terrain drop to make it more magnificent. The main hall is the top of the mountain with nine ridges and two eaves, with glazed tile roof, in the empty Quelan. The whole hall has double eaves and carved beams and painted buildings. It is magnificent and fully furnished. Sacrifice Taoist immortals and various utensils and utensils. It is exquisite in craftsmanship, vivid in shape and lifelike.
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