At the southeastern end of Kunshan, one of the top 100 county-level cities in the country, there is a small, picturesque town called Dianshanhu Town. Her east and southeast sides are neighboring with Shanghai Qingpu District, north side with Kunshan's Qiandeng Town and Shipu Town, while the northwest side is bordering with Dashi Town. Most importantly, it is connected to Dianshan Lake.
Dianshan Lake, people often think she is a lake in Shanghai , in fact, this is a misunderstanding. Dianshan Lake, not only of Shanghai, but also of Kunshan, mainly Dianshan Lake town. Of course, people do have reason to have this misunderstanding of Dianshan Lake. From the spatial distance, Dianshan Lake is only 60 kilometers away from the center of Shanghai, at the same time, it is also the source of Shanghai's mother river - Huangpu River. Dianshan Lake, belonging to the Taihu Lake basin, is also connected to Qiandao Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province by a lake island. With a total area of up to 62 square kilometers, equivalent to 11.5 West Lakes, it is the largest natural freshwater lake in Shanghai. Among them, the water surface area under Shanghai's jurisdiction is 47.5 square kilometers, accounting for about four-fifths of the entire lake area. The most rare thing is, in the highly developed urbanization and industrialization of Shanghai-Suzhou intersection, located in the Huangpu River, the main water intake upstream of the Dianshan Lake, its water quality has been maintained at the national level, become the world-class city's most important water source protection and one of the ecological conservation area.
Dianshan Lake Town, is named after the Dianshan Lake, which is highly entangled with Shanghai. According to the information learned from the research, the total area of the town is 56 square kilometers, jurisdiction over 10 administrative villages, 5 community neighborhood committees. Now,2 the town's household population is about 25,000, and the foreign population is roughly 54,000, totaling roughly around 80,000 people.2016 GDP was 8.65 billion yuan, the disposable income of the residents was 35,225 yuan, the public **** budget revenue exceeded 1 billion yuan, urban and rural public **** service expenditures accounted for 82% of the proportion of financial expenditures. .
Compared with other townships in Kunshan such as Zhouzhuang, Huaqiao and Qiandeng, Dianshanhu Township is not only unknown, but also far from being the star of Kunshan's economic development. In 2016, for example, its total economic output ranked sixth among Kunshan's eight towns, less than 3% of the city's gross regional product.
Size is short, size is long. For the town of Dianshan Lake, economic growth is not its strong point, but in the public **** service management innovation and expenditure, is its strength. In fact, Dianshan Lake Town's emphasis on public **** services has been reflected in its expenditure on public **** finances, that is, urban and rural public **** service expenditure accounted for as much as 82% of financial expenditure . In comparison, in 2016, more than 75% of the province of Jiangsu's public **** financial expenditure is used for people's livelihood; Suzhou's urban and rural public **** service expenditure accounted for 76.5% of public **** financial budget expenditure.
Hundred filial piety goodness first. Elderly care, always one of the main directions of financial support for urban and rural public **** services in Dianshan Lake Township, which is also related to the age structure of the population in Dianshan Lake Township. The survey shows that among the town's 25,000 household population, the elderly who have entered the stage of social support, there are about 10,000 people, roughly around 40%. Here, it should be clarified that the elderly here, consists of two parts: one is aged over 60 years old; the second is female retirees aged between 50 and 60 years old. The latter, although not yet old enough to meet the criteria for the elderly, have become a socially dependent population because they have left the workforce.
In the face of the surging population aging society, how to maximize the old people in the limited financial conditions, so that the old people have a sense of dependence, old people have a sense of support , in the last stage of life, live with dignity and decency, can really enjoy the sunset unlimited good, has always been the party committees at all levels of government to try to break the major problems. This is also in the five-level state administrative system, located in the most basic level of the Dianshan Lake town government in the thinking and exploration of the problem.
Exploration, both the surface of the spread, but also a bit of experimentation and breakthrough . In Dianshan Lake Township, around the pension in the focus and difficult, that is, elderly pension problem , the township party committee and the township government to carry out a positive attempt to form a by the elderly and their children, social forces and the government *** with the participation of mutual promotion, each other to monitor the innovative experience. This exploration, focused on the Shengtai village of "away from home not away from the village" type of pension model, can be referred to as the old age of the "Dianshan Lake experience".
In Shengtai village "not away from the village" pension exploration, the object of its services, mainly 80 years of age or older. These old people, not only older, lower mobility, but also originally are villagers. As we know, driven by urbanization and industrialization, in places like Kunshan, the traditional sense of the countryside and farmers, basically no longer exist. Through relocation, most of them have moved into centralized town locations. The elderly people in the Shengtai Village Retirement Center are basically those from the relocated administrative villages. Because of the advanced age and children are not around, how to their old age service has become a real problem.
Dianshan Lake Township Party Committee and the government, from the actual situation of the old people, put forward a new pension model of "leaving home without leaving the village". The so-called "away from home", is not to let the old people in the state of living alone, to avoid and social disengagement brought about by the care of insufficient accidental risk; The so-called "not away from the village", is to put these in the empty village of the village of the old people in the state of living alone.
As a mode of care for the elderly, "leaving home without leaving the village" is not difficult, the difficulty is how to make the elderly subjectively willing and objectively able to accept "leaving home without leaving the village".
Thrifty and frugal, and the blessing of our children and grandchildren has always been a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. For the elderly who have spent their youth and prime years in the new China, these virtues are still part of their bloodline. These virtues will also have a significant impact on their preferences and behaviors in old age.
One of the most important things is that most elderly people in ordinary families don't want to spend too much on their own old age. I would like to point out here that with the increasing income of the population and the continuous improvement of living standards, it is true that some people are no longer sensitive to the cost of old age, but for the majority of the elderly, money, is still a sensitive reality. The reason for this sensitivity to the cost of old age, has both psychological and cultural reasons: on the one hand, the elderly tend to think that, in the last stage of life, this is a journey towards the end, there is no need to have too much waste. On the other hand, family inheritance has always been one of the basic characteristics of Chinese culture. This kind of inheritance is not only reflected in the generational succession of bloodline, but also in the generational handover of wealth. Elderly people want to leave their children and grandchildren with a little something to think about after they leave this world, even if this kind of material thought is not of great significance, just symbolic, but for the old people, it is in their own powerlessness, inability to feel the strongest sense of the old age, almost the only thing they can do. In order to realize this purpose, the old people would rather spend their old age in hardship. Of course, this material hardship will be exchanged for their psychological sense of fulfillment. In fact, this is also the psychological and cultural reason, which also explains, to a considerable extent, why the old people are reluctant to go to the institutions for their old age.
Let the elderly subjective willingness, objective ability to accept "not leave the village" , I think, this is Dianshan Lake Township in the elderly pension on the most significant innovation and exploration, cracked the current flood of the elderly subjective unwillingness to old age of the objective material reasons.
The experience of Shengtai Village can be centrally summarized as " cost-oriented". In Shengtai Village, there is a clear account of the composition of the cost of old age. According to the calculations, the elderly's old-age costs are roughly composed of four aspects:
One is the rent of the house. The monthly cost of each bed is roughly about $125.
The second is utilities. Since each house has a hot water boiler, and each room is equipped with an air conditioner, a bathroom, and a public **** bath, the monthly cost is around $130.
Thirdly, hygiene and cleaning supplies, miscellaneous expenses, all kinds of activity supplies, and some other unforeseen costs . That's about $130 a month.
Fourth, staff salaries. Based on an average annual salary of $50,000, that's roughly $347 per month when spread evenly over the beds.
Aggregating, you can see that the average monthly operating cost per bed is $732. The actual operation of Shengtai Village No. 1 Senior Living Apartment shows that the final cost is probably more than $650.
According to the local situation, Dianshan Lake Township government proposed cost "6:2:2" sharing mechanism , that is, the elderly family to bear 60%, the township finance and village committees each bear 20%.
On this basis, and according to the age of the elderly for the sectional charges:
(1) 80 to 85 years of age between the elderly , the monthly payment of operating costs of about 390 yuan (different types of housing varies slightly);
(2) more than 85 years of age to the age of 90 years old , monthly payment of operating costs of about 390 yuan (different types of housing varies slightly);
(2) 85 years of age to 90 years old, monthly payment of the operating costs of about 390 yuan (different types of housing varies slightly).
(3) At least 90 years old to 100 years old, the monthly operating fee is reduced by 20%;
(4) At least 100 years old, it is totally free of charge.
In the cost of old age, there is another cost, namely, the cost of renovation of the elderly center, which is borne by the government.
In order to further reduce the costs of the elderly , Dianshan Lake Township continues to make an article on the operating funds raised in the elderly center, put forward the operating costs of the "three old sharing" innovative initiatives, that is, by the "elderly and their children", "the boss", "the elderly and their children", "the boss", "the elderly and their children", "the elderly and their children", "the elderly and their children", "the old man". "The boss" and "the old people" to **** the same apportionment.
(1) "Elderly and their children" share: roughly one-third of the operating costs, roughly $260 per month.
(2) "Boss" share of the part: refers to the Dianshan Lake local private entrepreneurs and social caring people, they are to "adopt the whole apartment or bed" way to fund, on average, each bed The average annual subsidy is 3,000 yuan, and the monthly cost is 250 yuan.
(3) "The people" share part: After the above sharing, the remaining funding gap is about 180-200 yuan per month. In practice, the Dianshan Lake Township government has adopted a very innovative approach, whereby the shortfall in operating costs is not collected in the form of cash, but rather is filled by the people volunteering to reduce operating labor costs.
In addition to recruiting retired female workers for the elderly center to provide cleaning, daily entertainment and other basic services, other services, all the old people volunteers to provide , including: Sunday service, clothes washing, the elderly bathing, weekly hygiene, seasonal hygiene, bed hygiene, birthday celebrations, tourism activities, games and other activities. It is reported that in these volunteer activities, there is a very important content, is to let the children of the elderly also participate. In this way, service programs such as bathing for the elderly can be addressed.
It can be seen that after the total control and decomposition of costs, in the end, the elderly and their families pay in monetary terms for the operation of the elderly is only about $260 per month. Of course, for the elderly, in addition to the operating costs, there is another basic expense, which is the cost of three meals a day.
For this cost, the government also subsidizes. According to estimates, including ingredients, labor, etc., the cost of Chinese food for the elderly is about 12 yuan a little more. Dishes a meat, two veggies and a soup, in the style of seasonal adjustments, and also take into account some of the personalized preferences of the elderly, such as, do not eat spicy, do not eat seafood and other special circumstances, customized. In this 12 dollars, the elderly only need to pay 3 dollars, the other by the government subsidies (of course, this elderly measures, currently only limited to the elderly over 80 years old).
According to this calculation, the elderly people pay for their own food and beverage expenses, about 10 dollars a day, a month is only 300 dollars. If you add the operating costs, the elderly in the "home from the village" of the elderly center, the actual expenditure of their own money a month, less than 600 yuan. It can be said that less than six hundred dollars, inclusive of food, accommodation and care , this is the Dianshan Lake town in the elderly on the completion of the new answer to the aging of the population, but also for Jiangsu and even China's elderly people to make a new exploration of the old age.
The stone of the mountain, can attack jade. Dianshan Lake Township in the elderly service, out of a "low-cost, excellent service" of the new road . We know that cost and service is always a pair of contradictions: control costs, you can not improve service; improve service, you can not control costs . This is almost a universal problem, however, Dianshan Lake Township gave a new attempt to let people see a new hope of solving the problem.
Currently, the aging society is coming. Family has the elderly, everyone will be old . Caring for the elderly, caring for the elderly, is a problem that everyone is bound to encounter, which is also from the central to local governments are in urgent need of cracking the problem. In most places, there is a "scarcity of waste" phenomenon in old age.
What is "scarcity waste" ? I mean, in the case of the pension mission is so heavy, the pension pressure is so huge, the pension resources are so tight, the party committees and governments at all levels from the limited financial funds squeezed out of the money, and did not use in the pension on the knife edge, there is a serious "wastefulness", "inefficiency "The government has not been able to use the money from the limited financial resources on the edge of the sword.
"Take care of your own elderly" . If you look a little closer, you can see that in order to meet the wave of aging, create a good old age for the elderly, and comply with the national policy, there is a very unhealthy phenomenon of comparison in the provision of old age care: all are more advanced than those who have more old age care facilities, but no one cares about whether these advanced facilities, which are heavily invested in, are in line with the needs of the elderly.
The elderly, is the whole society's needs, however, once this demand is detached from the people's actual ability to pay, it will become ineffective demand . In Nanjing, for example, now a low-end retirement center, the cost of a month to be in 2000 yuan or more. However, how much is the average city worker's monthly pension? In particular, in this low-end elderly care center, the care of the elderly, basically "waiting for death" care. It is understood that in some of these elderly centers, driven by efficiency, the nursing staff simply do not have the patience to take care of the elderly. We know that the elderly have low mobility and eat slowly, but some elderly centers, in order to improve the efficiency of the elderly to eat, to the disabled, semi-disabled elderly, to take the duck-feeding way. Elderly people have no dignity and can only live on.
Elderly, there is an urgent need for supply-side structural reform. The kind of government assessment indicators oriented, without respecting the real needs of the elderly and their ability to pay the old age, is really hurtful to the people. The experience of Dianshanhu Township is that elderly care is a delicate job. We must be patient and attentive enough to sort out the economic, social, cultural and other needs of the elderly, and then provide them with precise supplies, so that we can improve and optimize our services while lowering the costs, and achieve a double win. The experience of Dianshanhu Township shows that this is a road that can be traveled, and more places should come together to do so. Among them, the most important thing is that each local government must give up the rough, indexed management style, replaced by the heart, patience, refinement and sincerity of the elderly, so that the road to China's old age to go through, walk steadily, go far away from the road.