I have collected some information, hoping it will be helpful to you.
In Ming History, A Record of Ming Taizu, A Record of Ming Emperor, etc., from the scattered archives of ming dynasty, we collected chapters and sentences, compiled a catalogue, and annotated that in the nearly 51 years from the sixth year of Hongwu to the fifteenth year of Yongle, * * * immigrated under the pagoda tree in Hongdong for 18 times (11 times in Hongwu and 8 times in Yongle).
The immigrants moved to Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia.
The great migration touched the most sensitive nerves of the people in Sanjin, so the rulers of Ming Dynasty had to draw up the immigration laws, and moved according to the proportion of "one for a family of four, two for a family of six and three for a family of eight".
Mr. Wu Han wrote in Zhu Yuanzhang's Biography: "When the relocation order was first issued, people's resentment was boiling, but as for the rate, people were stunned.
If you are afraid of it, you will be warned, and if you are threatened, you will be punished. " This shows that the immigration at that time was completely carried out under the coercion of power politics.
according to the records of official history, notes and other historical materials, such as Ming Shi, Ming Shi Lu, Rizhi Lu Yu, as well as the incomplete statistics of genealogy, inscriptions, correspondence materials collected and consulted by the author, there were 812 surnames of Sophora japonica immigrants in Hongdong, Ming Dynasty, and the immigrants were distributed in ***18 provinces (cities).
Among them: 116 counties (cities) in Henan, 129 counties (cities) in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, 92 counties (cities) in Shandong, 62 counties (cities) in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and Hunan, 51 counties (cities) in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, 34 counties (cities) in Shanxi and 8 counties (cities) in Inner Mongolia.
The Yellow River Basin and Huaihe River Basin are the main areas for Henan immigrants, which is consistent with the floods in the two river basins and the battlefields of peasant uprisings at the end of Yuan Dynasty.
There are 116 counties (cities) in Henan Province where the immigrants of Sophora japonica in Hongdong of Ming Dynasty are mainly distributed: Zhengzhou, Xingyang, Kaifeng, Pingdingshan, Luoyang, Jiaozuo, Hebi, Qixian, Weishi, Xinzheng, Dengfeng, Lankao, Zhongmou, Xinmi, Gongxian, Xinxiang, Weihui, Fengqiu, Huojia, wen county, Jiyuan. Shangqiu, Yongcheng, Suixian, Ningling, Minquan, Zhoukou, Shangshui, Fugou, Xihua, Taikang, Dancheng, Xiangcheng, Xuchang, Luohe, Yanling, Yancheng, Xiangcheng, Lushan, Changge, Linying, Yexian, Baofeng, Shaanxi, Yuxian and Zhumadian. Sanmenxia, Yima, Yujin, Ruzhou, Ruyang, Luanchuan, Lingbao, Mianchi, Yanshi, Yichuan, Yiyang, Luoning, Lushi, Xin 'an, Qixian, Songxian, jia county and Wuyang.
at first, Shandong was mainly distributed in the northwest of Shandong province, mainly because the wars and the Yellow River flooding in Shandong province were in the northwest and southwest of Shandong province at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, but after the re-migration in the early Ming Dynasty, the immigrants were distributed in most areas of Shandong province.
Immigrants of Sophora japonica in Hongdong of the Ming Dynasty in Shandong Province are mainly distributed in 92 counties (cities): Jinan, Licheng, Zhangqiu, Changqing, Qingdao, Jiaonan, Jiaoxian, Jimo, Zibo, Zaozhuang, Tengxian, Dezhou, Ningjin, Shanghe, Jiyang, Yucheng, Xiajin, Lingxian, Qihe, Wucheng and Guangrao. Wendeng, Laiyang, Qixia, Yexian, Rongcheng, Laixi, Zhaoyuan, Huangxian, Linyi, Yishui, Rizhao, Pingyi, Yiyuan, Yinan, Juxian, Junan, Feixian, Taian, Laiwu, Xinwen, Feicheng, Pingyin, Ningyang, Dongping, Jining, Yanzhou, Yutai, Dongping.
Immigrants of Sophora japonica in Hongdong of Ming Dynasty in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei were distributed in 129 counties (cities). Mainly: Beijing, Changping, Yanqing, Huairou, Miyun, Pinggu, Tongxian, Daxing, Fangshan, Tianjin, Jinghai, Wuqing, Baodi, Ninghe, Jixian, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Lingshou, Shulu, Jinzhou, Zhaoxian, Jingxing, Huolu, Xinle and Zhengding. Yutian, Laoting, Luanxian, Fengnan, Anci, Sanhe, Baxian, Gu 'an, Dacheng, Qinhuangdao, Anhu, Jiaohe, Suning, Wen 'an, Yongqing, Baoding, Laishui, Fuping, Tangxian, Xu Shui, Levin, Cangzhou, Qingxian, Haixing, Renqiu and Wuyi. Fucheng, Jingxian, Zaoqiang, Shenxian, Wuqiang, Handan, Yongnian, Quzhou, Weixian, Cheng 'an, Daming, Shexian, Guangping, Linzhang, Cixian, Wu 'an, Xingtai, Baixiang, Longyao, Nangong, Julu, Shahe, Lincheng, Xinhe, Qinghe, Guangzong and Neiqiu.
in Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei and Hunan provinces, there are 62 counties (cities) where the immigrants of Sophora japonica in Hongdong of Ming Dynasty are located. Mainly: Hefei, Maanshan, Changfeng, Bengbu, Lu 'an, Mingguang, Dingyuan, Huaibei, Anqing, Tongling, Suzhou, Dangshan, Xiaoxian, Lingbi, Huaiyuan, Chuzhou, Fengyang, Hexian, Jingxian, Shouxian, Boxian, Mengcheng, Lixin, Suining, Funan and Nanjing.
Immigrants from Shaanxi and Gansu are distributed in Guanzhong area, and there are more in Baoji area and neighboring Shanxi area, and quite a few of them are indirectly migrated from Shandong and Henan.
Its main distribution is: Xi 'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Qishan, Wugong, Meixian, Sanyuan, Huxian, Pucheng, Hancheng, Dali, Heyang, Baishui, Chengcheng, Yinchuan, Qingtongxia, Shizuishan, Linyou, Lanzhou, Gangu, Tianshui, Zhangye, Zhenyuan, Fufeng.
There are 34 counties (cities) in Shanxi, 8 counties (cities) in Inner Mongolia, 11 counties (cities) in Liaoning, 3 counties (cities) in Jilin, 3 counties (cities) in Heilongjiang and 1 counties in Guangxi.
Its distribution is: Taiyuan, Wutai, Pingding, Shouyang, Daixian, Jiaocheng, Qixian, Yangcheng, Lingshi, Pingyao, Qingxu, Xinzhou, Datong, Hunyuan, Yingxian, Shuozhou, Yuci, Taigu, Jiexiu, Yangqu, Yangquan, Dingxiang, Yushe, Yuanping.
in order to prevent immigrants from living together in the place where they moved, forming new family forces and affecting social stability, the immigration laws of the Ming dynasty also stipulated that people with the same family name could not move to the same place.
In order to avoid the separation of the same flesh and blood, the immigrants who pay attention to "whether to change their names or not" were forced to change their surnames painfully, so they separated multiple surnames from some families.
according to the record: "in the second year of hongwu in Daming, the people moved to the village, and the terms were met and the law was strict. Anyone with the same surname was not allowed to live in one village.
and those who don't want to change their names can only be separated from each other and be resettled in different places.
for example, according to the genealogical data, the ancient clan of Guangrao Chenguan Township, Changle Zhuliu Town, Shouguang Tianma Township and Wulian County in Shandong Province all came from the ancient clan of Hongtong County, Shanxi Province.
Most of them were forced to change their surnames because they could not bear to be separated.
For example, the first two brothers, Wei and Liu, could not bear to leave their brotherhood for a while, so they had no choice but to change their surnames to Wei and Liu, and remember the bronze Buddha. " (Cao County's Wei Liu's Genealogy)
In Huangxian County, Henan Province, there are Wei and Ma, Chen and Shao, Zhou and Shan, and Wen and wang xing are all of the same surname.
Similar situations can be found in Hebei and Shandong.
Up to now, there are still sayings in Hejian County, Hebei Province that Hui, Zhai and Chang are one mother; in Shandong Province, Wei, Liang and Chen are family members; Chong, Liu and Gu are one family; in Yongcheng, Henan Province, Cui, Xie, Zhang and Chen are brothers.
in eastern Henan and northern Shandong, the legend of "beating a pot of cattle" is also widely dispersed.
According to legend, there are five Niu brothers in Hongtong County. After gathering under the big pagoda tree, they realized that the same surname could not move to the same place.
The five brothers knew that it was going to be far apart from each other, so they hurriedly smashed a cauldron into five pieces, one for each piece, in order to be used as a sign for their ancestors to find their relatives in the future.
Time is the best medicine to heal the trauma.
But now, after 611 years of storms, some elderly people in rural areas of Henan and Shandong who have never met each other's surname Niu still ask "Do you want to beat the pot?" If both sides say "beating the pot", they will be regarded as the same clan ...
In Hebei, Henan and Shandong, legends about "beating the pot cow, beating the pot often, beating the pot Zhang, beating the pot Guo and beating the pot Shen" are also widely circulated.
Sun Shi, Yiyang County, Henan Province, and Yangshi, Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province also have legends of ancestors beating pots.
Bai Yang, a famous writer in Taiwan Province, wrote in one of his books: "Modern Huixian people, especially the residents named Guo in Changcun, who live six kilometers northeast of the county seat, have all their memories as far back as the disgusting early years of the Ming Dynasty 511 years ago.
other surname families can be traced by genealogy.
As stated in the Preface to Mu Family Tree in Huixian County, Henan Province, Mu moved to Weihui, Henan Province from Luanchaigou in Hongtong County for several generations.
During the Wanli period, it moved to Mujiaying, fifteen miles away from the city in the northwest corner of Huoyi.
The immigrants who moved to Shandong are mainly distributed in Dongchang, Jinan, Yanzhou, Qingzhou and other provinces in the Yellow River flooded area, involving more than 61 counties and cities in Shandong today.
After immigrants move in, most of them take their surnames as villages and villages, and some take the names of their native counties, such as Dingguantun, Suiguantun, Huguantun, Li Ying, Tunliuying and Changziying.
The Preface of Wei Liu's Synopsis written by Liu Zhuang, Cao County, Shandong Province, also records that Yu was a native of Hongdong County, Pingyang Prefecture, Shanxi Province. In the second year of Ming Hongwu (A.D. 1369), he moved to the people's court, and the terms and regulations were strict. Anyone with the same surname was not allowed to live in one village.
The two brothers, the first ancestor, could not bear to leave their brotherhood for a while, but changed their surnames to bronze Buddha, which has been handed down for more than 511 years and still exists.
According to the memory of later generations, the ancestor brothers were named Guangzu and Liangzu, while the bronze Buddha may be two similar Buddha statues.
In Preface to Wang Family Tree in Cao County, Shandong Province, the story of "One Gun King" is also recorded.
Speaking of Wang Liang, the ancestor of the Wang family, in the 25th year of Hongwu (AD 1392), his family moved here from Hongdong.
Because Wang Liang always carries a spear along the way, he named Zhuangzi "One Gun King".
This Zhuangzi Feng Shui is really good. "Left Shandong and right Zhili are the boundaries between the two provinces; Qianshui and Housha Mountain are the resorts of one side. "
So Wang built Yang House (village) in Hebei, Yin House (graveyard) in Henan, and his brother lived with him in the east and his brother in the west.
"After more than 21 generations, it was still resplendent in clothes and flourishing in clan, and changed from" one gun king "to" a thousand kings ".
However, although we are different, we belong to the same family. Although there are many descendants, we "never forget the king of one gun".
The ancient pagoda tree has grown up with people's reproduction, and it has also become a witness of history.
The ancient Huai immigrants even wrote commemorative words on the foreheads of temples and ancestral halls at home to express their thoughts.
On the wall tablet of Yuan Family Ancestral Temple in Gudui, Heze, Shandong Province, Yuan Gongzheng's poem "Looking forward to homesickness in the second year of Hongwu" was engraved: "In the past, I drove the Tatars from the army, but now I'm moving eastward.
hongdong branch is an old family, and Cao Zhou has an old family style of living in peace.
Three or five plants of Sophora japonica were planted in Gugang, bearing in mind the feelings of the elders in Jinzhong.
The legend of sleeping in the snow has been passed down through the ages, and after that, Kunxia surpassed Jinsong. " The inscription on Liu's Ancestral Temple in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province: "Paiyan Hongdong Cave." The couplets in the hall of Niu Family Temple in Yanshi County, Henan Province read: "The eighteenth ancestor Pingyang Shize was a famous family in Boxi for 511 years." The couplets on both sides of the ancestor statue in Hu's ancestral temple in Huzhai Village, Xicheng Town, Puyang County, Henan Province write: The first couplet is "Always say filial piety", the right couplet is "I missed my ancestors when riding a horse in Hongdong", and the left couplet is "Huai Shizong lives in Cao Zhou and is flourishing today".
Sun Shi memorial tablet couplet in Datao Village, Xiaodong Township, Wuzhi County, Henan Province: "Zu Hongdong moved to Qinzuo and was born in Shanxi and extended to Henan." Zhao's Genealogy in Hanzhai Village, Koudian, Yanshi County, Henan Province, said: The four ancestors were named Jing, Ying, Huai and Xian, which means "hometown", and together they are "managing Huaixiang".
under Jinlishan Mountain, about 11 kilometers northeast of pucheng county City, Shaanxi Province, there is a village-Shanxi Village, which maintains the style of Ming and Qing Dynasties.
This is a rectangular village with original city walls. The village faces east and west, and there are two east and west gates. After hundreds of years of wind and rain erosion, the city walls have collapsed for tens of meters, but most of them are still preserved.
especially the east and north walls are basically well preserved.
Among them, the entrance to the West City is about six meters high, and there is a blue stele embedded above the lintel, with the words "Three Huai's are flourishing" written in red, and the words "Reconstruction in the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty" beside it.
According to reports, Shanxi Village was the first day of the Ming Dynasty when the wang xing family moved to the village from under the big pagoda tree in Hongtong County, Shanxi Province.
There are three brothers in this wang xing family. The eldest one stays in Shanxi, the second one moves here, and the third one moves to Baishui.
On the lintel, it is written that "three trees are flourishing" means that the three brothers' families are prosperous and their careers are developed.
Sophora japonica refers to Shanxi Sophora japonica.
Therefore, Shanxi Village in Pucheng is also a historical witness of the great migration of the Ming Dynasty.
According to the records of the village history, bandits and robbers often came to the village to harass the village shortly after its relocation. Later, at the initiative of an old man in wang xing, the villagers in the village had the money to pay, but they had no money to contribute. Qi Xin worked together to build the city wall for five years.
in the ninth year of Xianfeng in Qing dynasty, a pair of iron gates were set up, which made the west gate with two gates indestructible.
There are three big houses above the west gate. Before liberation, there was a township office on them.
The gate of Shanxi Village faces east and west, and the doorway is about seven meters deep. There are two original doors in the doorway. Due to the age, the doors are no longer there, but the bluestone doorpost, doorpost hole and doorpost jack for installing the doors are still preserved.