Shaanxi, also known as Sanqin for short, is a province in the northwest of China, the capital of which is Xi 'an, located in the hinterland of China, belonging to the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, between 115 29' and 111 15' east longitude and 31 42' and 39 35' north latitude.

it borders Shanxi and Henan in the east, Ningxia and Gansu in the west, Sichuan, Chongqing and Hubei in the south and Inner Mongolia in the north, and occupies an important position connecting the eastern and central regions of China with the northwest and southwest.

because it is in the west of Shaanxi (now Shaanxi County, Henan Province), it is called Shaanxi.

it has a long history and profound cultural background.

Shaanxi has been called "Qin" for a long time in history.

Shaanxi customs:

Shaanxi customs are that noodles are like belts, pot helmets are like pot lids, chili pepper is a dish, steamed buns are sold in large bowls, bowls and pots are difficult to separate, Pappa wears them on her head, the house is half covered, girls don't look outside, don't sit up, and sing and shout.

The top ten monsters in Shaanxi are actually a unique life.

as the saying goes, "a hundred miles is different from the wind, and ten miles is different from the customs.

"In this yellow land of Shaanxi, due to the influence of climate, economy, culture and other reasons, Shaanxi people (Guanzhong people) have formed some unique ways in terms of clothing, food, housing, transportation and east.

Outsiders are very curious about this, and they are called "Top Ten Monsters in Shaanxi" (that is, "Top Ten Monsters in Guanzhong"): noodles are like belts, Guo kui is like Guo Yi, chili pepper is a dish, steamed buns are sold in big bowls, bowls and pots are difficult to separate, Pappa wears them on her head, the house is half-covered, girls don't sit and squat, and singing and yelling.

The following are details: 1. Noodles are like belts, and the pulled noodles are as wide as belts.

Pulled noodles are also called Bing Bing noodles (pronounced biang－－biang, which is not found in modern Chinese dictionaries). The authentic frozen noodles made by Guanzhong people are still different from the pulled noodles usually eaten by city people.

authentic ice noodles, the width of a noodle can reach two or three inches, and the length is about 1 meters. When it is thick, it is almost like a coin, but when it is thin, it is like a cicada.

One noodle is enough for a meal, and for the Guanzhong people with a large appetite, it is easy to eat 8 liang or 1 jin at a time.

people in Guanzhong eat noodles, and they like to knead them hard, roll them thick and cut them wide.

After this kind of noodle is cooked, it tastes smooth, soft, warm and strong when it is fished in a bowl, whether it is poured with minced meat or chili pepper.

delicious and hunger-resistant.

when people stretch and shrink their necks, they purr and swallow, eat and swell, and burp a dozen times. Suddenly, they are full of strength, pulling carts and carrying stones up the mountain, and they don't feel hungry for five or six hours.

Second, the pot helmet is like a pot cover. According to legend, when the dry mausoleum was built in the Tang Dynasty, the construction progress was often delayed and punished because of the excessive number of military craftsmen serving.

So, a soldier was anxious and put the dough into his helmet. He put the helmet in the fire and baked it into cakes.

Now, Guo Kui has been in Shaanxi for thousands of years.

to make a pot helmet, the dough should be so hard that you can't rub it with your hands. You should use wooden poles to press and knead it, and then slowly bake it in a large pot with a diameter of more than 2 feet.

In this way, the branded pot helmet is crispy outside and delicious, and it will not go bad even after ten or eight days.

Guo kui is better than "Ganzhou (now Ganxian) Guo kui".

Third, chili pepper is a typical dish. As for chili pepper, most people think that people from Hunan and Sichuan can eat Chili.

In fact, Sichuanese only regard chili pepper as a seasoning, but in Shaanxi, "No Spice" is a serious dish.

Even in front of every household in Xi 'an, there are clusters of delightful red peppers.

"Oil Spitter" looks red, smells fragrant and eats spicy food. It can be used to mix noodles and eat steamed buns.

People often say, "It's delicious to eat spicy ice noodles!" Fourth, the big bowl of steamed buns is sold. "Beef and mutton steamed buns are sold in big bowls" can be called "the first bubble in Shaanxi" and "the first bowl in Xi 'an".

It seems like a waste of time to go to Xi 'an without eating beef, mutton and bread in soup.

And beef, mutton and bread in soup are the * * * foods.

People in Guanzhong pay attention to material benefits when eating. Meat is a big piece of meat, steamed buns are hard to hold, and bowls are big and old bowls that can hold 6 taels and 8 taels.

The mutton bread in soup that has just been served is very hot and steaming. When eating, use chopsticks to dial it from around the bowl to your mouth and eat it while dialing.

The methods of mutton soaking are mainly divided into cook the meat, boiling steamed buns, boiling soup, breaking steamed buns and boiling steamed buns.

the meat should be cooked crisp and rotten.

steamed buns should be hard and yellow, and they will not melt in water and will not rot in boiling.

the soup is made of beef and mutton bone marrow.

The more minced the steamed buns, the better. Then, add the steamed buns, meat, vermicelli, onion, salt, monosodium glutamate and other seasonings, and simmer in the frying pan.

Because of the different cooking methods, mutton buns are boiled and stir-fried.

The amount of soup added is different, which can be divided into dry soaking (less soup) and water siege (more soup), so you should eat it in moderation.

This kind of steamed bread in soup is dry, hot and fragrant, which is very appetizing.

Therefore, the Paomo Museum chose a large porcelain bowl made in Yaozhou (Yaoxian) to hold Paomo.

5. It is difficult to separate the bowls from the basins. Shaanxi people (Laoshan) like to eat with a white porcelain blue-and-white bowl nearly 1 feet made in Yaozhou, which is called "old bowl" by the locals.

This kind of old bowl is even bigger than the small one, so it is often difficult to separate the bowl from the basin.

In the rural areas of Guanzhong, at the head of the village, in front of the village and under the trees, men are holding big and old bowls (a bowl of soup and rice plus two steamed buns is six or seven taels), squatting together and chatting with relish while eating. This is the famous "old bowl meeting".

In rural areas, people have a lot of labor intensity, work hard and eat a lot, so it is enough to fill it in an old bowl when going out, and there is no need to go home to fill it, which saves a lot of trouble.

Six, wearing a handkerchief on the head In the "western films" reflecting the life of Shaanxi people, it was often seen that old men and women wearing sheep's belly towels and double-breasted jackets were wearing a black or white handkerchief on their heads.

If you are lucky enough to go to the rural area of Guanzhong, the shape here is exactly the same as what you saw in the movie.

It turns out that Shaanxi province is rich in cotton, and local people are used to wearing handkerchiefs made of cotton on their heads. It can not only prevent dust, rain and sun, but also wipe juice and hands and wrap things. It is really economical, affordable and convenient.

VII. Half-covered houses No matter in Xi 'an City or rural Shaanxi Province, houses with "one side covered" can be seen everywhere.

what is a side cover? The roof of a general house is herringbone, but the house in Shaanxi is a curl of the herringbone.

It is said that because Shaanxi is dry in the morning and there is little rain, the houses built on this side can let all the rain from Zhenstamping flow to their own fields, which is the so-called "rich water does not flow to outsiders".

Another reason is that in the past hundred years, the agricultural development in Shaanxi has been slow, but the population has increased rapidly.

Because of the limited land area, large population and tight housing, the families who lived together in rural areas have formed the history of "half-built houses".

8. Girl, it is said that the land in Guanzhong area is fertile, so few people travel to other places to survive.

Therefore, there is a proverb, "Old people never leave the customs (Tongguan) and never leave Sichuan (Sichuan)". Over time, not only men don't travel far, but even girls don't marry far away.

9. Don't sit and squat. Because the men in Guanzhong have to squat for three meals a day and have an "old bowl meeting" together, it takes more than an hour to bribe them. In addition, people like to squat in the lee and sunny places in winter to "warm up" or "lose the party" and play chess.

As a result, Guanzhong people formed the habit of squatting.

outsiders say this is "squatting up without sitting on the bench".

Actually, it is a habit for people to rest after being tired.

ten, singing opera, shouting and singing opera, referring to Shaanxi opera.

it is characterized by high agitation and intense haste.

In particular, Hua Lian's singing is a loud roar, which is called "earning a broken head" by locals. Foreigners joke: "Singing Shaanxi Opera, first, the stage should be strong so as not to collapse; Second, the actors should be in good health to avoid getting sick; Third, the audience should be bold, so as not to be frightened. "

The comedian blushes and has a thick neck, and yells "crazy", but as long as the audience cries "good", the comedian is as happy as winning any grand prize. People think that this is the real Shaanxi opera, which sounds "enjoyable", "satisfying one's appetite" and "burning too much (excellent)".

Historical origin of place names in Shaanxi:

Shaanxi: This name first appeared in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

According to Guoyu, in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the boundary of the Zhou Dynasty was "Shaanxi Plain" (now in Shaanxi County, Henan Province).

east of Shaanxi plain is called "east of Shaanxi", which is under the jurisdiction of Zhao Gong; Shaanxi is called "Shaanxi" to the west of Shaanxi, which is under the jurisdiction of Duke Zhou.

Qin: the abbreviation of Shaanxi province, named after Shaanxi was the land of Qin during the Warring States Period.

Sanqin: After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu divided the land of Thailand into three generals.

Zhang Han was named King Yong, ruling the west of Xianyang and the east of Gansu, and all the hills were abandoned (now in Xingping City); Seal Sima Xin as the king of Sai, ruling the east of Xianyang and the capital of Dongyang (now in the north of the county); Dong Ming was named Zhai Wang, ruling Shangjun (now northern Shaanxi) and being a slave (now northeast Yan 'an).

Therefore, Shaanxi is also called "Sanqin".

Guanzhong: it is named because it is among the customs.

Hu Sansheng notes "Zi Zhi Tong Jian": "There is Longguan in the west, Hangu Pass in the east, Wuguan in the south, Linjin Pass in the north and Sanguan in the southwest."

Xi' an: It was called Fengyuan Road in the Yuan Dynasty.

in the second year of hongwu in Ming dynasty (ad 1369), the court changed fengyuan road to Xi' an mansion.

This is the first time that the name "Xi 'an" has appeared in history.

Lintong: It is named after the county town has water in the east and water in the west.

Huayin: It is named because it is in the north of Huashan and the north of the mountain is cloudy.

Hancheng: It was the hometown of Korea in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

It was named because there was Hanyuan in the west of the city, and the Zhou Dynasty was the country of Han Hou, and there was an ancient Hancheng.

Xianyang: according to Yuanhe County Records; The south of the mountain is called Yang, and the north of the water is also called Yang, and Xianyang is located in Jiuqi Shan Zhinan, north of the Weihe River, and the mountains and rivers are all Yang, so it is named Xianyang.

Xingping: It was called Dog Hill in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the second year from Tang Suzong to Germany (AD 757), Xingping Army was stationed here, because it was named after the county.

Liquan: Gukouyi, Qin Wei, and Gukou County, Han.

According to Taiping Universe; Thirty miles east of this county, a palace was built when Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty, and a spring water gushed out beside the palace, which tasted like a pot of water, so it was called the pot of water.

In Sui Dynasty, the county was named because of the palace.

After liberation, it was renamed Liquan because of its uncommon word.

gan county; According to Yong Da Ji, Ganzhou is named because it is located in the northwest corner of Chang 'an and the northwest is dry.

that is, the origin of this dry county.

Binxian County: It was called "Gong Liu Residence" in ancient times.

tapirs are the names of mountains.

In the Tang Dynasty, because the words "Gui" and "You" were easily confused, the word "Gui" was changed to "Zhu".

after liberation, the State Council changed Zhai to Bin, hence Bin County.

Fufeng: Meiyang County, located in Han Dynasty, belongs to right Fufeng.

"Fufeng" is the official name, which means to assist the capital and promote weathering.

In the eighth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 634), it was renamed Fufeng County, and the county was named after the official name of Han Dynasty.

Fengxiang: Qin Dou was in the pre-Qin period.

Zhou people have ancestors who originally lived in Binxian county, and later moved to Qishan and Fengxiang.

It is said that many phoenixes fly to the top of Qishan to live, which is regarded as a sign that Zhou will prosper.

in the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757), it was renamed Fengxiang County.

Qishan: The Han Dynasty belonged to Yong and Meiyang counties.

In the 16th year of Emperor Kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (AD 596), it was renamed Qishan County.

According to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, "Qi, which was sealed by King Tai of Zhou, is named after the word."

Baoji: Chencang Mountain was located in the difficult county of Qin Dynasty, and Chencang County was established.

The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty says: "In the second year of Zhide (AD 757), Chencang was changed to Baoji, so it was named after the famous Baoji in Chencang Mountain."

Chang' an: Originally the township name of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, made his capital here in the fifth year (212 BC) and set Chang' an County as Jingzhao Yinzhi.

Now Chang 'an County is actually the southern suburb of Chang 'an in ancient times.

Huxian county: it was located in the western Han dynasty.

Notes in Records of the Historian, Xia Benji: "Yan County was the ruler of the country this summer.

"After liberation, Yu was simplified as a household, called Huxian County.

Zhou Zhi: The Chronicle of Chang 'an contains: "The folk song is called Mi, and the water song is called Wo, so it is named after it.

"After 1949, it was changed to zhouzhi county.

Lantian: Qin Xiangong was established as a county in the sixth year (AD 379).

The Book of Sanqin says, "The county produces beautiful jade, hence its name."

Danfeng: It is named because there are Danjiang and Fengguan Mountain in China.

sanyuan: according to the annals of Chang' an, "there are abundant plains in the south, Menghou plains in the west and Bailuyuan in the north, which are the three principles."

yaoxian county: formerly known as yaozhou.

"Shaanxi Tongzhi" contains: there is Jianshan Mountain in the fifteen miles east of the state, and there is brilliance as a mirror in the abundant mountain in the year, so the state is named after it.

"In 1913 (the second year of the Republic of China), the abandoned state was changed to a county and became Yao County.

Huangling: It's named after the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum in Xuanyuan Mountain in the north of the city.

Yan' an: In the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was located in Woye County.

In the third year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 617), Fushi County and Yan 'an County were established.

In September of 1932, the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants revoked Fushi County and changed it to Yan 'an County.

Yichuan: Originally named Chuan, it was named after Yichuan River.

In the first year of Xingguo in Song Taiping (AD 976), it was renamed Yichuan for avoiding the name of Emperor Taizong Zhao Guangyi.

Mizhi: It is named because there is Mizhi water in China, which is "fertile soil is suitable for millet, and rice juice is like fat".

Yulin: Yulin Castle was built in Yulin Village in the early Ming Dynasty, hence the name.

In another way, the city is close to Yulin River, with Yulin Mountain in the north and many elms planted, hence the name.

Hengshan; It is named after the Hengshan Mountain Range, which stretches across the county and was built here in the Song Dynasty.

Jia county: formerly known as Jia county.

The Records of Scenic Spots in Guanzhong contains: "The state is close to the reed river" and "There are many reeds on the shore", hence the name.

in 1964, it was changed to jiaxian county because of its uncommon and difficult recognition.

Shenmu: According to the Guanzhong Scenic Spot Map, "There are three pine trees in Yangjiacheng, 15 miles west of the county, which are connected by branches and branches, so it is called Shenmu.

"Six years from Yuan to Yuan (AD 1269) was called Shenmu County.

Fugu: It is named after a valley in the county.

Liuba: As Zibai Mountain in China is said to be the place where Zhang Liang used to go through the valley in the Western Han Dynasty (hunger strike for grain, staying quietly to take care of illness, and practicing self-cultivation), Zhang Liang was named Liu Hou, so the Pingba here is called Liuba.

In the 41th year of Qing Qianlong (AD 1775), a dam retaining hall was set up.

In 1913, it was changed to Liuba County.

Hanzhong: During the Warring States Period, the State of Chu established a county according to the middle reaches of the Han River.