Analysis:

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is the largest military production enterprise in Japan. In 2003, the amount of military orders received from the Defense Agency was 280 billion yen, ranking first among all military enterprises. Equipment produced by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, such as F-2 and F- 15J fighters and Type 90 tanks, has played a central role in both the Air Self-Defense Force and the Ground Self-Defense Force. In the Maritime Self-Defense Force, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has built almost half of submarines and one third of destroyers. Its position in the Japanese military industry can be seen.

Historical evolution and summary

The predecessor of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries can be traced back to the Meiji Restoration. 1884, Iwasaki Yataro, the founder of Mitsubishi, leased the Nagasaki Shipyard of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology from * * and named it Nagasaki Shipyard. Later, it developed into Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., and in 1934, the company was renamed Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. because its business expanded to the fields of heavy machinery, airplanes and railway vehicles.

After World War II, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries was divided into three companies: West Japan Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., China Japan Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. and East Japan Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. in 1950. However, with the changes of American policy and Japanese domestic politics, in 1964, the three companies merged to rebuild Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Company. During this period, the automobile department of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries became "Mitsubishi Automobile Industry Co., Ltd." on 1970.

At present, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries covers machinery, shipbuilding, aerospace, atomic energy, electric power, transportation and other fields. By April 2004 1, the registered capital was 265.6 billion yen and the number of employees was 34,306. It has 9 overseas offices or representative offices, 9 branches, 6 research institutes and 9 institutions. The annual order amount is 2 1 59.2 billion yen (from April1day, 2003 to March1day, 2004), and the annual sales amount is 654.38+094065438+0 billion yen (the statistical date is the same as above). Among them, from the perspective of the proportion of departmental sales to total sales, ships? Ocean plate accounts for 8%, nuclear energy plate accounts for 23%, mechanical steel structure plate accounts for 20%, aviation? Cosmic plate accounts for 17%, industrial plates such as vehicles and machine tools account for 29%, and other industries account for 3%.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is a member of Mitsubishi chaebol. Today's Japanese chaebol appear in the form of so-called Jing Lian (the pronunciation of Japanese character "Tong"). Mitsubishi series companies are all members of the "Jinyaohui" (which means Friday meeting) organized by Mitsubishi Group, including (for the sake of unification, this paper adopts its Japanese Chinese character name or English original name):

Asahi Glass (Glass, Chemical Company), Kirin Beer, Nippon Oil, Tokyo Marine Nikkei Fire Insurance, Tokyo Mitsubishi Bank, Nikon Camera, Japan Post, P.S Mitsubishi (engaged in construction industry), Mitsubishi Aluminum, Mitsubishi Chemical, Mitsubishi Chemical Machine, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, Mitsubishi Land Institute (engaged in real estate industry), Mitsubishi Automobile and Mitsubishi Land Institute. Mitsubishi Trust Bank, Mitsubishi Shentong, Mitsubishi Iron and Steel, Mitsubishi Paper, Mitsubishi Warehouse, Mitsubishi Research Institute ("Mitsubishi Research Institute" in Japanese), mitsubishi electric, Mitsubishi Electric Wire Industry, Mitsubishi Fusangka Bus, Mitsubishi Materials, Mitsubishi Rayon and Meiji An Tian Life Insurance.

Companies in the same series can work closely together, and each company can provide good products or lower prices for other brother companies within its own division of responsibilities. For example, the Japanese mail ship is a big order of the shipping department of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, while mitsubishi electric provides mechanical and electrical products for Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Mitsubishi Iron and Steel, Mitsubishi Shentong, Mitsubishi Aluminum, Mitsubishi Integrated Materials and other companies can provide reliable raw materials for Mitsubishi's shipping and aerospace departments. Companies such as Mitsubishi Bank and Tokyo Maritime can provide loans and special insurance services (such as space launch insurance). Nikon's optical products and Mitsubishi resin's new materials are all indispensable parts of high-tech weapons.

Mitsubishi Group also has some subsidiaries and social groups as its periphery, including:

"IP Talk" Group (engaged in calling card business), Hot Ocean Hedong (Iwasaki Gongtai Memorial Hall), MT Insurance Service Co., Ltd., Kanto Pavilion (a hotel transformed from the former residence of Iwasaki family), Koiwai Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Xiangnan Suburb Club, Jingjiatang Library Art Museum, Yitong Group (mainly the property management company of Mitsubishi Bank of Tokyo), Dainippon Paint, Dia Advanced Social Research Consortium, Diamond Family Club (a matchmaking agency jointly funded by 29 enterprises of Hsi Chin Club), mainly serving the internal group), Chitose Seiko, Oriental Library, Yorozu (a company engaged in real estate agency and advertising agency), Mitsubishi Gold Club (a friendly organization of the chairman and general manager of 29 Mitsubishi companies), Mitsubishi Club, Mitsubishi Economic Research Institute, Mitsubishi Broadcasting Committee, Mitsubishi Consortium, Mitsubishi CC Research Institute (an IT research institution), etc.

It can be seen that through the cooperation and division of labor of large groups, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries can obtain various supports such as capital, technology, raw materials, upstream products, financial services and sales from brother enterprises and groups. This is very beneficial to the development of enterprises.

The following is the introduction of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries' military-related departments:

A boat? Shipping business headquarters

Shipbuilding industry is the earliest department of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. At present, the division has four shipyards, including Nagasaki, Kobe and Shimonoseki, to build military products.

Nagasaki Shipyard: The battleship Musashi was built in Nagasaki Shipyard during World War II, and it is also the main destroyer manufacturer of the Self-Defense Force. Many types of ships have been built, such as Taidao Wind Class, Flag Wind Class, Hazelnut Name Class, Chaowu Class, King Kong Class and Gaolang Class. The latest No.4 high-wave destroyer sazanami entered service at Nagasaki Shipyard in February 2005.

It has jurisdiction over the headquarters, incense burning factory, hangmachi factory and construction factory. The total area is 2420 127 square meters (the following data are all in 2004), the construction area is 929976 square meters, and there are 6299 employees. The factory is the main construction site of surface ships of Maritime Self-Defense Force. By April, 2004, 522,000 tons of drainage vessels have been built 105 for Maritime Self-Defense Forces, and 266 vessels with 858,000 tons of drainage vessels have been repaired.

At present, the headquarters has 225,000-ton dock, 80,000-ton slipway, 300,000-ton dock repair department and 95,000-ton dock repair department. There are also five sections of shore wall, 1 120m, and the water depth is 6 ~ 10m.

Incense burning factory is a shipyard completed in 1972. It has a 1 100-ton wharf with a length of 990 meters, a width of 100 meters and a depth of 9.55 ~ 14.5 meters, and a 50-million-ton repair wharf with three sections of 6544 along the coastal wall.

Hangmachi Factory is a factory that manufactures marine engines, generators, steering gears, compressors and other equipment.

The construction plant is the assembly plant of military products, and also the manufacturing place of attitude and orbit control systems of rockets and artificial satellites and solar cells.

According to the data given by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the annual production capacity of Nagasaki Shipyard is: new shipbuilding10.9 million gross tons, and ship repair is 5.5 million gross tons. Land? Marine steam turbine 4 million kilowatts, marine propeller 100. In 2004, the output value of the factory's products was 379.6 billion yen, of which the ship? Steel structure products account for 39%, marine equipment for 9%, land-based boilers and steam turbines for 42%, and aerospace and other products for 10%.

Kobe Shipyard: Kobe Shipyard produced submarines before World War II and became a professional submarine manufacturer of the Self-Defense Force after the war. The submarine of Maritime Self-Defense Force was built in this factory and Kobe Shipyard of Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Kobe Shipyard has successively built spring tide class, late tide class and love tide class submarines, and the latest love tide class submarine "* * *" also entered service in the shipyard in March 2005.

In fact, the main products of the plant are concentrated in the fields of nuclear energy and power generation, including pressurized water reactors and nuclear power units. So far, 23 nuclear power units have been built, with a power of 20 million kilowatts, forming a perfect design and production capacity of nuclear power and nuclear power units. In 2004, among the 291800 million yen sales of shipyards, 53% came from the fields of generators and nuclear power, and only 22% came from ships? Ocean field. At the same time, it is very noteworthy that a factory is responsible for building submarines and reactors.

The construction department of the shipyard includes the headquarters and the second construction factory. The headquarters is responsible for shipbuilding repair, and the Second Construction Plant is responsible for casting, large-scale mechanical assembly and production of nuclear power related products. At present, the two factories cover an area of 1 1.7 million square meters, with a building area of 452,300 square meters and 4,607 employees.

Shimonoseki Shipyard: Shimonoseki, located at the western end of Honshu, is one of the production places of small ships of the Self-Defense Forces, and the latest missile boats of the Maritime Self-Defense Forces, Falcon Class 1 and 2, are produced here. At present, the factory has 33,000 tons of slipways and 600 tons of light alloy slipways. 40000-ton, 17000-ton, 4000-ton and 1000-ton wharves.

Yokohama Manufacturing Co., Ltd.: This factory is mainly engaged in the production of diesel engines, steam turbines and marine auxiliaries, and also undertakes ship repair business. Its local animal husbandry factory has two repair docks.

Fan Yong Ji te che business head office

"Universal machine" refers to all kinds of civil machinery, and "special vehicle" is the abbreviation of "special vehicle" in Japanese, which means military or public security vehicle. The division has produced the main armored fighting vehicles of the Ground Self-Defense Force, including 90 tanks, 89 infantry fighting vehicles, 87 self-propelled anti-aircraft guns, 90 tank rescue vehicles, 9 1 bridge tanks and other models. And produced a 6NMU nonmagnetic engine for the minesweeper of the Maritime Self-Defense Force.

Sagamihara Manufacturing Co., Ltd.: This factory belongs to Fan Yong's special vehicle business headquarters and is located in Sagamihara City, Kanagawa Prefecture near Tokyo. It is also the military vehicle production place of "Special Vehicle Division". In addition to military vehicles, the factory also produces civil products such as construction machinery, various generators and engines.

In recent years, Fan Yong Special Vehicle Division has established a new production base in Chitose, Hokkaido.

Aerospace commercial headquarters

The aerospace enterprise headquarters consists of aerospace headquarters, military aircraft headquarters (Japanese for "defense aircraft headquarters"), guided weapons headquarters (Japanese for "guidance machinery headquarters"), civil aircraft headquarters (Japanese for "civil aircraft headquarters") and aerospace headquarters (Japanese for "space machinery headquarters").

The aviation department of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has a long history. 10 carrier-based fighter, the earliest domestic fighter of the Japanese navy, was built in the 1920s. Famous products before and during World War II also include various types of aircraft, such as 89-type attack on ships, 96-type attack on land, zero-type attack on ships, and one-type attack on land. After World War II, this department copied the F-86F fighter in the 1960s and the F- 104J fighter in the 1960s, and entered the stage of large-scale military production in the 1960s. At present, the main products of this department are as follows:

Aviation products (including licensed production and assembly): including fighters such as F-2, F- 15J, F- 1, F-4EJ, T-2 trainer, SH-60J, UH-60J, HSS-2B, MH-53E, YS-63E, etc.

Space products: H-IIA rocket, a part of Japan International Space Station. It is also developing cryogenic rocket engines with higher thrust and other spacecraft, such as the space shuttle.

Other weapons and equipment: Patriot missile, ASM-2 air-to-ship missile, SSM- 1 ship-to-ship missile, AAM-3 air-to-air missile, 97 torpedo.

Nagoya Institute of Aerospace Systems: This factory is a fighter and helicopter manufacturer of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and its products cover all types of aircraft and rockets produced by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. It is also a major fighter and helicopter manufacturer of the Air Self-Defense Force and the Maritime Self-Defense Force. The company has three factories, the DJI factory is responsible for R&D, the management and manufacturing of some parts, and the flying knife factory is responsible for the assembly and partial sub-packaging of aerospace products. Nan Mu Factory is responsible for the final assembly and flight test of aviation products.

The factory is also responsible for the test and production of Japanese maglev train technology. At present, the trains used in Yamanashi Line, Japan's maglev train test line, are jointly developed by this factory and Donghai Railway Co., Ltd. ..

Nagoya Guided Propulsion System Factory: This factory is responsible for producing various types of aero-engines and rocket engines, guided weapons and guided heads. It belongs to the headquarters factory and Daitian proving ground. In fiscal year 2003-2004, the factory produced 65.438+0396 billion yen, of which 50% were missile products, 34% were aviation and rocket engines, and 654.38+06% were other guidance equipment. Its products cover all kinds of missiles and guided weapons produced by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries mentioned above, as well as engines used in H-2A rockets.

The company is currently the main manufacturer of Patriot missiles of the Self-Defense Forces, and will soon start producing Patriot III missiles. If Japan participates in the ballistic missile defense system, the plant will be the main contractor of sea-based and land-based interceptors.

Other production organizations

Hiroshima Manufacturing Co., Ltd.: The products of this factory cover all kinds of mechanical products. It is worth noting that the plant is responsible for the construction of six Japanese uranium enrichment plants in Aomori Prefecture. The plant uses centrifugal method to obtain enriched uranium, with a design capacity of 65,438+0,500 tons SWU (separation work unit). It is the largest nuclear waste disposal base in the world, and its name is Safe Disposal of Nuclear Waste.

Gaosha Factory: This factory mainly produces various power devices. At present, the annual production capacity of thermal power and nuclear power units is 4 million kilowatts, the annual production capacity of gas turbines is 7.2 million kilowatts and the annual production capacity of hydropower units is 2 million kilowatts. The factory covers an area of 980,500 square meters, with a building area of 223,206 square meters and 3,380 employees.

R&D system and institutions

The research and development organization of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is the technical headquarters.

The technical department consists of research institutes, technical training department, technical planning department and intellectual property department.

The main institutions engaged in R&D in the technical department are various research institutes, including:

Advanced technology research center: located in Yokohama, its main research direction is cutting-edge technology in the fields of electric power, environment, transportation, national defense and industry. Such as solar cells, thin film technology, new elements, laser technology and various sensing technologies.

Nagasaki Research Institute: The main direction is fluid power, materials, technology, acoustics, guidance and other technologies related to shipbuilding. The institute has the largest experimental pool group owned by private enterprises in the world, including propulsion pool, seaworthy pool, shallow pool, water tunnel and glacial pool. This research institute can be regarded as one of the most important scientific research bases in Japanese shipbuilding industry.

Gao Qiao Research Institute: Located in Gao Qiao City, Hyogo Prefecture, it is mainly engaged in research on energy, transportation and electric power, including gas turbine, nuclear power, expressway information system, air conditioning, refrigeration or heating equipment, robots and generator set management.

Hiroshima Research Institute: The main research direction is cutting-edge technology, including new materials, solid polymer batteries, fuel cells, X-ray cameras and high-purity hydrogen production equipment. The institute is also engaged in the research of steel, chemical industry, construction, transportation, printing and wind power generation technology.

Yokohama Research Institute: The main direction is related technologies of environmental protection, including garbage disposal and sewage treatment. , but also the diesel engine, steam turbine and other engines are studied.

Nagoya Research Institute: The institute's specialty lies in providing industrial design solutions for various fields including machinery, ships and architecture. Also engaged in fluid mechanics, acoustics, electronic guidance, polymer chemistry, new materials and new processes.

To sum up, after hundreds of years of development, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has a perfect R&D, manufacturing and sales system, and has also formed a good division of labor and cooperation with other Mitsubishi brothers. Its current military production scale is only a reflection of the "maintenance" state, and it is only the tip of the iceberg compared with the real military production potential behind it.