woodcarving is a kind of folk art classified by carving materials. Generally, fine and tough tree species such as nanmu, rosewood, camphor, cypress, ginkgo, agarwood, mahogany, longan and other wood are selected for carving, which usually refers to sculpture crafts carved from wood. China's woodcarving art has a long history. Wood carving is divided into many types because of its wide range of application and decoration, diverse forms of expression, different texture of carved wood and different types of carving techniques. All kinds of woodcarving crafts are full of auspicious culture in China, and also reflect the high artistic value of woodcarving. People can not only collect them, but also be excellent decorations in homes, offices, or restaurants, restaurants, leisure and other public places. Woodcarving display handicrafts are small artworks displayed and arranged on cabinets, tables and coffee tables for people to enjoy, which play the role of embellishing and beautifying the environment and give people beautiful enjoyment. Woodcarving display crafts have a wide range of themes, including flowers, birds, animals and ladies. The practical handicraft of woodcarving refers to the combination of practicality and art with woodcarving decoration, which can be divided into two categories: woodcarving decoration of wood products and woodcarving decoration of other handicrafts. There are many wood carving decorative handicrafts, such as floor lamp, wall lamp, lacquer screen, woodcut screen, frame, pen container, woodcut clock base and so on. The range of decorating other handicrafts with wood carving is wider, such as several seats, cases and shelves. There are many objects for decoration, such as jade, tooth carving, cloisonne, vase, flowerpot, agate, jade, jewelry, porcelain and so on. These artworks with wood carvings contrast the main body, enrich the whole and increase the artistic charm. Types of Woodcarving There are many kinds of woodcarvings in China, which are spread all over the north and south of the river. The most famous ones are: Dongyang woodcarving in Zhejiang, Golden Lacquer woodcarving in Guangdong, boxwood carving in Wenzhou, and Longan woodcarving in Fujian, which are called "Four Famous Carvings". Other kinds, such as Qufu Kai woodcarving, Nanjing antique woodcarving, Suzhou red woodcarving, Jianchuan Yun woodcarving, Shanghai white woodcarving, Yongling birch woodcarving, Quanzhou colored woodcarving ... These woodcarvings are all named after their origin, material selection or technological characteristics, and some have a long history, high technological level and traditional characteristics, and they are skillful craftsmen and stand out everywhere. Although some of them are rising stars, their woodcarving skills are becoming more and more exquisite, and their shapes are becoming more and more perfect, with distinctive local characteristics. There are many kinds of wood carvings, which can be summarized into four categories: 1, Dongyang Wood Carving 2, Dongqing boxwood carving 3, Fujian Longan Wood Carving 4, and Guangdong Golden Lacquer Wood Carving. After hundreds of years of development, these four schools have formed their own unique craft styles and enjoyed a good reputation throughout the country. Dongyang Wood Carving Xian was born in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province in the Song Dynasty, and is good at carving, with beautiful patterns and exquisite structure. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, more than 127 craftsmen were called into the capital to repair the palace in Dongyang, known as the "hometown of carved flowers". Yueqing boxwood carving has been one of the folk wood carving crafts in China since the middle of Qing Dynasty, and it is famous at home and abroad for carving small boxwood furnishings. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Konggong family in Changle, and carving with natural scar roots was a unique traditional craft of longan wood carving in Fujian, which was valued by the world. Guangdong Golden Lacquer Wood Carving originated in the Tang Dynasty. It is carved with camphor wood, painted and gilded, resplendent, and has a strong artistic effect. There are two types of woodcarving: craft woodcarving and artistic woodcarving. Craft woodcarving usually refers to the woodcarving handicraft that is spread among the people, has a long history and strong national traditional color, and pays attention to fine carving and exquisite craftsmanship. Craft woodcarving is divided into two categories: pure ornamental and practical. Ornamental woodcarving is a small, independent work of art that is displayed and placed on cabinets, windows, tables, tables, cases and shelves for people to enjoy. It is carved by the technology of three-dimensional round carving or semi-round carving, with a wide range of subjects and contents, including flowers, birds, animals, ladies, historical figures, etc., as well as some works that reflect real life and have ideological significance. For example, in boxwood carving, Wenzhou, the products are influenced by the modeling style and lines of literati paintings in the late Qing Dynasty, with simple and round cutting techniques, realistic structure and poetic features. Practical woodcarving refers to a work of art that is decorated by woodcarving technology and combines practicality with art. Such as: palace lanterns, floor lamps, screens, frames, pen holders, frames, clock stands, jewelry boxes, shrines, building parts, furniture carvings, etc. There are also several cases, cases, seats and shelves specially designed for other handicrafts, such as jade, tooth carving, vases, jewelry, porcelain, etc. These artworks are decorated with wood carvings, which set off the main body, enrich the whole and increase the artistic appreciation value. In the art of woodcarving, although craft woodcarving is based on some decorative needs (they range from traditional buildings, classical furniture, temples and shrines; Small to daily necessities and desk furnishings), but it is the essence of carving art. Because this kind of wood carving needs a lot and has a wide range of applications, it is usually designed and carved by experienced and skilled old artists or arts and crafts artists, and then carved and copied in large quantities by skilled workers. Therefore, there are certain norms and procedures in the form of theme expression, and the production process is also very clear, such as cutting blank, trimming, polishing, configuration, base and other flow operations. Artistic woodcarving usually refers to works with exquisite conception, profound connotation and originality, which can reflect the author's aesthetic view, artistic method and artistic skill. Artistic woodcarving is generally designed and produced by the author, so he can always run through and grasp the creative ideas and pursuits. The creative method of artistic woodcarving, like other sculpture materials, is to express people and things in the objective world with shapes, or to be realistic, or exaggerated, or to extract images. It is also necessary to combine the characteristics of wood and excavate the elements of beauty from the morphological attributes of the original materials, so as to fully reflect the interest and material beauty of woodcarving art. On the one hand, the theme content and expression form of artistic woodcarving depend on the author's artistic accomplishment and hobbies, on the other hand, it also depends on the natural shape and texture of wood, that is, "acting according to the material". The expression of artistic woodcarving is rich and eclectic, bold, rough and powerful; There are exquisite carvings and smooth lines; Have a concise summary and use natural beauty skillfully. Good artistic woodcarving is not only the product of the sculptor's ingenuity, but also a work of art that decorates, beautifies the environment, cultivates temperament and is pleasing to the eye, so it has high collection value. Like all carvings, wood carving can be roughly divided into two forms, one is "independent" and the other is "attached". The former refers to the so-called three-dimensional space sculpture that can be placed freely and can be seen from any direction and angle, and is usually used as indoor furnishings or desk ornaments. The latter refers to the relief used to decorate the indoor walls of buildings or fixed spaces such as doors and windows. This kind of relief is usually expressed by high, low, engraving, transparency and communication. The slightly protruding statue is called low relief; The statue is very prominent on the bottom surface, which is called high relief; The periphery of the relief is hollowed out to make the statue show a clear image effect like paper-cutting, which is called hollowed-out carving; The composition of the statue is multi-layered, carved layer by layer. Except for the final background, the front part has nothing to do with the bottom surface, which is also called transparent carving. Toutong Carving is characterized by combining various carving methods on one screen, and it is a multi-level all-round hollowing-out carving with a slight leaning and three-dimensional shape. Its works have exquisite artistic effect, and it is mainly used in the traditional wood carving decoration of ancient buildings. For example, the golden lacquer wood carving in Guangdong is to concentrate the landscape, feathered flowers, animals, insects and fish and various patterns on one screen, and distinguish different plots and scenes with the zigzag and S-shaped paths. There are also some reliefs that are independent works of art and can be freely configured according to the needs of the environment. They are also decorative wall hangings or screens. There are three ways to create woodcarving: one is when facing a relatively ordinary log, square wood or standard board with no special shape (i.e., the wood is processed into regular material shapes, such as squares, rectangles, circles, etc.), we can freely choose the content and theme of carving, and then use a lot of cutting and carving to achieve the final artistic effect. This method seems simple, but it is also subject to certain constraints. Because the structure of wood is composed of fibers, its fragility requires us to emphasize integrity and firmness in composition creation. Generally speaking, artistic woodcarving does not pay attention to splicing, otherwise it will lose the characteristics of woodcarving. If you want to make a fuss about a piece of log, you have to avoid running around and abandon the fragmented details. In order to highlight the texture of wood and express beautiful wood grain, the modeling volume is not easy to be too small and too much, and it is necessary to make large pieces and pursue a seamless effect. The second method is to follow the shape, that is, to give this material a specific image by feeling and imagination according to the unique natural shape or texture direction of the material itself, and to release its image after clever carving. The so-called seven points are natural and three points are carved. This method is also called "clever carving", and its conception process should take more time than the actual carving, and the fun is endless. "Clever carving" is a kind of conformal modeling, that is, it has to adapt to a certain condition, which is a kind of restriction or constraint, and it seems to cause trouble to the author. However, what is often limited will become the decisive factor in forming its artistic characteristics, which can make the rotten wood magical. Some jade carvings are precious, which is reflected in the author's method of drawing materials based on quantity and shape, and creating excellent products based on materials. Nature gives us a lot of inspiration, and some materials have an unusual and obvious shape, which directly inspires your imagination or inspiration; Others are not obvious, and need careful consideration and meditation; And the changeable wood grain is often a factor that affects the artistic effect of the work; The irregular shape of some pieces of wood can also remind us of the existence of a certain image. Therefore, many sculptors often collect some "grotesque" wood and put it around for a long time. They often ponder and scrutinize it. Once they are mature, they pick up the carving knife and can't stop. Of course, the success of a work often depends on the difference between one thought and another. "It's so-called, it's a thousand knives and chisels, and everything goes wrong." This is closely related to the artistic accomplishment and skills of composing music. The third method of woodcarving creation is to completely get rid of the morphological attributes of the original materials, and use manual or mechanical stacking and bonding methods to make large and small wood chips into approximate shapes and thicknesses according to the design intent, and then carve them. The advantage of this method is that it can increase the volume of wood at will, greatly reduce the effort of cutting wood and save large logs. If it is a "sandwich" with different colors of wood stacked and bonded, its wood appearance will show a clear and beautiful decorative wood grain after carving, which will make the work have a unique artistic effect. Some sculptors often add the wood they want to add to any part of the sculpture, and they use the method of combination bonding in order to expand the proportion and shape of wood carving. There are also some sculptors who are more original and unique when using wood to create works. They carve the trees planted in the garden into works, and some add branches and leaves to them, so as to create woodcarving works that live with nature. Wood is originally a living object, which brings countless benefits to human beings. What human beings can give in return should be to preserve their special gentleness and beauty and their simple quality as much as possible and give them new life. Raw materials for wood carving The raw materials for wood carving are hardwood (rosewood, rosewood and nanmu), longan wood, boxwood, camphor wood and cypress wood. According to the properties of different wood, we should give full play to their respective specialties. For example, longan wood is hard and brittle, and its luster is beautiful after polishing. After a long time, it gradually becomes bronzed, beautiful and simple, like an antique. The wood of camphor wood and cypress wood is brittle, which is convenient for knife application, but it is easy to crack after a long time. Therefore, when carving the Buddha statue with camphor wood, it is necessary to hollow out the center of the Buddha statue, which can not only make the wood not easy to crack after drying, but also reduce the weight. Boxwood is hard and fine, suitable for fine carving. After polishing, it presents a beautiful color like ivory, and generally retains its original color after carving. If you want to know what will happen next, listen to the next chapter. Woodcarving process design Woodcarving process mainly includes designing, chiseling rough blank, carving fine blank, polishing, polishing, dyeing, painting, waxing, matching base and other processes. According to the design intention, the rough blank should be chiseled first, that is, the rough outline should be chiseled with a chisel, generally, the front side first, the back side later, the whole first and the part later. A part of wood should be reserved in advance to guard against changes and mistakes in design and production. When carving figures, we should pay attention to the human structure. Carving thin blanks means carving basically stereotyped images, such as face, limb positioning, dynamics, clothing and its clothing patterns. Finishing is to carefully depict details, such as the facial expressions of people and the expression of their personality, and to polish the surface. Polishing is rubbing with fine sandpaper along the wood grain to eliminate gouges and make it smooth. Boxwood carving and hardwood carvings generally retain the true color of wood, and the appearance is waxed. Longan wood carvings are dyed and then painted. After the Buddha statue is polished and polished, there are processes such as pasting, dusting, painting and painting gold.