Abstract: This paper analyzes the present situation of the construction and management of migrant workers' accommodation areas, and puts forward that the construction and management of accommodation areas can effectively solve the problem of labor shortage in enterprises, and probes into the problems existing in the management of accommodation areas and their solutions. Keywords:
In recent years, with the implementation of the western development strategy and the strategy of the rise of central China, the central and western regions have made full use of the advantages of human resources in industrial transfer. In order to retain migrant workers, especially skilled migrant workers, some regions have introduced some policies one after another, and some even imposed rigid regulations on the export and left-behind migrant workers in each village, and the output of migrant workers in some provinces has gradually decreased. The management of enterprise employment by the state has become more and more standardized, the treatment of migrant workers has been significantly improved, the treatment gap between the eastern and western regions has been narrowing, and the choice of migrant workers has been increasing, and their basic needs have been upgraded from the level of survival to the level of quality of life. The above reasons are the main reasons for the growing labor shortage in enterprises. The author believes that strengthening the construction and management of migrant workers' gathering areas is one of the main ways to solve the labor shortage in enterprises.
1. The current situation of the construction and management of migrant workers' residential areas
1. The current situation of policy support at the national level
The housing problem of migrant workers has attracted great attention and widespread concern in society, and the state and some places have issued relevant policies to provide certain protection. Article 29 of the Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People's Republic of China, which was promulgated and implemented in October 2118, pointed out: "In the construction and development of cities, priority should be given to the construction of infrastructure and public service facilities, the relationship between the development of new areas and the reconstruction of old areas should be properly handled, and the needs of migrant workers' lives and the economic and social development of surrounding rural areas and villagers' production and life should be taken into account as a whole. In the process of urban planning and construction, we should pay more attention to the living environment and conditions of floating population, ensure the interests of vulnerable groups, and make the whole city develop under the theme of harmony. "
In October p>2118, the Ministry of Construction and other five departments jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Improving the Living Conditions of Migrant Workers, which pointed out that "the people's governments of cities and counties should strengthen planning and management, strengthen public security and environmental sanitation management, increase the construction of public utilities such as public transportation, improve the ability to guarantee public infrastructure, facilitate the production and life of migrant workers, create a good living environment and maintain harmony and stability.
2. Current situation of the construction and management of migrant workers' residential areas in Suzhou
Since 2111, Suzhou has started to build residential areas, providing centralized housing for floating population and providing corresponding public service facilities. The government has successively issued a series of policies, such as "Opinions on Accelerating the Management of Migrant Workers' Accommodation in the City". In recent years, the housing construction plan has also begun to pay attention to the construction of residential areas, striving to bring migrants into the standardized service scope of "centralized accommodation and centralized management" to the maximum extent, reducing the diaspora rate and creating a new home for "new Suzhou people". At present, the construction of Suzhou gathering area is in full swing, which has solved the housing problem of floating population and improved the living environment to a great extent, but there are also many problems such as the lack of pertinence, scale and types of public service facilities, which can not meet the needs of users.
3. Current situation of construction and management of migrant workers' accommodation areas in Taicang City
In p>2113, Taicang City began to build migrant workers' accommodation areas, but there were not many large-scale accommodation areas. At present, the construction and management of migrant workers' accommodation areas in Taicang City are divided into three types: the first type is government-funded construction and entrusted to professional companies for management, which is the main form of accommodation areas, with the largest number of people, infrastructure and management. The second type is that enterprises invest in self-construction and entrust professional companies to manage them. There are a large number of such gathering areas at present, such as nine dragons paper Co., Ltd. and Taicang Zhenhui Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.. The third type is social investment construction and investor management, which has a low level of management.
On the whole, the construction scale of migrant workers' residential areas in Taicang City meets the needs of employees in Taicang City. At present, there is a contrast between the low occupancy rate and the number of migrant workers (as of September 2111, the number of migrant workers reached 481 thousand), which deserves our consideration.
Second, the contribution of the construction and management of accommodation to the retention of employees in enterprises
1. Accommodation areas provide stable accommodation for migrant workers
Since the reform and opening up, migrant workers have been scattered all over the country like duckweeds, and the long-term poverty has forced migrant workers to give priority to the livelihood of their families. With the development and progress of society, migrant workers pay more and more attention to their own quality of life, and the social needs of migrant workers are richer. The salary is no longer the only reason for them to wander. They have higher and higher demands for working environment, living environment, continuing education environment and accommodation conditions, and they yearn for a family reunion lifestyle. The construction of residential areas caters to this demand and can provide relatively stable accommodation for migrant workers. The guiding principle of national and local policies is to provide low-cost accommodation for migrant workers. Living in peace and contentment is a traditional concept in China, and it should also be an important starting point for governments and enterprises at all levels to retain employees. In economically developed areas, the government and enterprises spend considerable funds on employee recruitment and training, but employees are often lost after training. The main reason is that enterprises don't care enough about employees, and they don't care about re-recruitment, reuse and support. If the government and enterprises can pay attention to the living placement of employees and the humanized management of the gathering area, it may be one of the ways to retain employees and solve the labor shortage in enterprises.
2. The gathering area provides entertainment and cultural and sports services for migrant workers.
With the continuous transformation and upgrading of enterprises, the implementation of compulsory education and the popularization of higher education, migrant workers are no longer the embodiment of low-educated people. According to a sample survey, 7.16% of migrant workers have junior high school education or below, and 92.84% have junior high school education or above. It can be predicted that graduates from higher vocational colleges will become the main components of enterprise employees. A new generation of migrant workers live in an information society. They have participated in and felt all kinds of entertainment and cultural and sports activities since childhood, and the demand for entertainment and cultural and sports services is more urgent. Perfect entertainment and cultural and sports service facilities are the prerequisite for developing services. Making full use of entertainment and cultural and sports facilities and holding various cultural and sports activities on a large scale are the main measures to build the spiritual home of migrant workers. If the provision of housing can keep the body of migrant workers, the spiritual services and enjoyment such as entertainment and cultural and sports activities can keep the hearts of migrant workers. If a person's body and mind are all devoted to the enterprise, where will there be a labor shortage?
In terms of how to build the spiritual home of migrant workers, Taicang Youth League Committee has made gratifying achievements in vigorously promoting the youth league construction in the gathering area of migrant workers. It has established a complete league organization in the gathering area of Taicang Economic Development Zone, and regularly organizes condolence performances and various appraisal activities, so as to continuously enrich their spiritual and cultural life, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, serve their actual needs, and enhance the sense of identity of migrant workers in the gathering area with Taicang and enterprises. League organizations have played an active role in stabilizing the employment team of enterprises, and the turnover rate of young people in enterprises in the gathering area has dropped from about 51% in the past to less than 41% now.
3. The gathering area provides knowledge and technical training for migrant workers
With the gradual satisfaction of living standards and cultural and entertainment needs, migrant workers have also put their own knowledge and skills on the agenda. According to the survey, the residents in the residential area have an urgent need for educational facilities. Although the residents' cultural level has improved, they also hope to improve their competitiveness through adult education and technical training in an era when knowledge and technology play a decisive role and are updated faster. Due to the lack of leisure time in normal times, most residents in the accommodation area put forward higher requirements for the service radius of educational facilities, hoping to set up training points in or near the accommodation area to facilitate their study nearby. They are also concerned about the pertinence of teaching content, charging standards, and the regularity of teaching management. Therefore, the construction and application of educational facilities in the accommodation area is very important, and local higher vocational colleges should be duty-bound to undertake the task of training the knowledge and skills of employees in the accommodation area.
The thinking of Jianxiong Vocational and Technical College on how to carry out knowledge and skills training in the gathering area is worthy of attention. Jianxiong Vocational and Technical College plans to set up a training station in a large gathering area in Taicang City to be responsible for the knowledge and skills training of residents in the area and assist the gathering area to carry out various cultural and sports activities.
4. The gathering area provides standardized community management for migrant workers.
Standardized community management can effectively strengthen public security management and family planning management, and provide them with services such as medical and health care, catering and retail, post and telecommunications, capital exchange and cultural entertainment, and effectively protect the daily basic needs of migrant workers. Charges for water, electricity, gas, cable TV, telecommunications, sanitation and other public services in the residential area are charged according to the lower limit of the charging standard for providing services to residents. Giving migrant workers all the treatment of local residents and satisfying their life demands to the maximum extent can promote migrant workers to have a sense of identity with local customs and enterprises, promote their rapid integration into the local society, share the dividends brought about by social and economic development, and make migrant workers feel at home. In this way, the turnover rate of migrant workers can be effectively reduced and the problem of labor shortage in enterprises can be solved.
5. The living management cost of employees in enterprises has been reduced.
The construction of living areas has changed the original logistics service mode that enterprises build their own staff dormitories and provide living services free of charge. It can reduce the living management cost of employees in enterprises from the following aspects, and put limited funds and energy into improving employees' income, using both "emotion" and "money" to retain people. First, the society provides living services for employees of enterprises, which eliminates the pain of one-time investment in self-built living facilities and reduces the financial pressure of enterprises; Second, using all the limited enterprise land for the construction of production facilities can make enterprises produce greater benefits on unit area of land and effectively reduce the land pressure for enterprise development; Third, the gathering area adopts socialized management, so enterprises do not need to set up a separate life management organization, and they do not need to distract themselves from the living problems of employees, so they can concentrate on production; Fourth, the management of the accommodation area belongs to large-scale management, with complete supporting facilities and low unit management cost. Enterprises can solve the problem of employees' living security as long as they provide accommodation subsidies for their employees, and the input-output ratio is extremely high. Of course, there are also enterprises with more employees who build their own staff dormitories, but they are essentially different from the simple unit dormitories in the past. Their construction and operation are also completely in accordance with the model of the gathering area, such as nine dragons paper Co., Ltd. and Taicang Zhenhui Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.
3. Problems and solutions in the construction and management of the accommodation area
1. The idea that the interests of professional management companies undertaking the operation of the accommodation area are supreme limits the function of the accommodation area
There are problems. A document issued in Suzhou in 2115 pointed out the construction policy of the gathering area: "All cities and districts should build a gathering area for migrants with a certain scale in accordance with regulations and procedures", "The construction of the gathering area is organized and implemented by the district and town governments (economic development zones), and operates in a market-oriented manner based on the principle of land policy. It can be invested by the government, funded by the employing units, built with private capital, and rented idle factories. It can be seen that the gathering area operates in a commercial way, but the companies that contract the management of the gathering area are not interested in these social services, resulting in many service facilities with good hardware facilities being closed or not fully utilized, which limits the function of the gathering area.
solutions. The government should set up a special management department, and the management department should introduce the evaluation method of the gathering area, be responsible for the establishment of business institutions, the establishment of professional management institutions and the stationing of property management in towns (streets) and economic development zones, and cooperate with relevant departments to do a good job in industry management. Mandatory use of various service facilities, reward for full use of various service facilities, and punish for not making full use of them.
2. The room type and occupancy management mode of the residential area limit the function of the residential area.
There are problems. Most of the accommodation units built in the residential areas now adopt the centralized accommodation mode of 4 people/room or 6 people/room. After employees of different types of enterprises move in, there are more people, different schedules and serious mutual interference, and most of them are not allowed to cook in the dormitory, which causes many employees to be uncomfortable. Especially for married employees, with the elderly and children, it is even more inconvenient to stay in such a gathering area. This is contrary to the original intention of building a residence for foreign employees to live and work in peace and contentment.
solutions. When designing accommodation units in the gathering area, we should consider a variety of room types, not only to reduce housing costs, but also to consider the needs of single employees; We should also consider the needs of married employees. The room structure can be divided into single rooms, small suites and suites. Different types of employees should be classified to minimize mutual interference. In addition, it is also one of the solutions to organize various cultural and sports activities for employees in the gathering area to increase the sense of identity among employees.
3. The low occupancy rate of the residential area limits the function of the residential area.
There are problems. The occupancy rate of large-scale gathering areas in Taicang City is generally not enough, resulting in low investment-output ratio and relatively high management cost. The management company of gathering areas has to reduce service standards and management level to maintain the operation of gathering areas, which will lead to a vicious circle of low occupancy rate, low management and service level and lower occupancy rate.
solutions: first, the government will introduce compensation measures at the initial stage of the operation of the gathering area, and at the same time increase contact with enterprises in the area under its jurisdiction to assist in publicity work; The second is to reduce the threshold and housing rent; Third, the location should be close to the concentrated area of enterprises, which is convenient for employees to go to work and reduce transportation costs; The fourth is to broaden the channels of rent payment. The author thinks that the best measure at present is for employees to use housing provident fund to pay rent. Suzhou is the first city in the province to try to rent a collective housing building and entrust the withdrawal of provident fund in batches. This move has attracted rave reviews all over the country and will surely be a way to pay rent in collective housing areas.
fund project: this paper is the research result of the research topic of philosophy and social sciences in Taicang in 2111.
References:
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