There are many taboos in Hakka folklore. For example:
1, Spring Festival taboos. Spring Festival taboos, also known as "New Year's Taboo", refers to the December 16 to the first month of the 15th taboo.
The Spring Festival was originally out of the "year" taboo. Deng Yunxiang "Red House Customs" (China Bookstore, 1987 edition) that the word "year", according to the ancient writing style, is a hieroglyphic character, with a head and a tail, the feet to the four sides of the spread, like a large gecko. It is said to be a very scary creepy crawly, a year, people do not meet it, the best, it will be safe and sound through, so burn a bunch of fire, get some good food to eat a meal to celebrate, which is called "New Year". Later, to celebrate the old and welcome the new year, it became the current "New Year" and "New Year".
In the process of inheritance, the fear and superstition contained in the Spring Festival taboos have been gradually taken over by the sentiment of happiness and mutual love between people.
As the Hakka saying goes, "There are a lot of taboos when you enter the Mile of the Year". Hakka folk practiced the Spring Festival taboos include: forbidden to scold children; forbidden to break utensils; forbidden to speak foul language. Zhang Zuji's "Hakka old rituals and customs," said: "the first day of the day is particularly cautious, do not dare to speak bad language cursing, but also few people go out, if you run into good things in the morning of the first day of the first day of the good words, as a good omen of the Department of the year as this year will be a lucrative market. So meet people, congratulate each other, speak all kinds of good words"; avoid using unlucky words, such as disease, death, suffering, poverty, disaster, chaos, barren, kill, etc.; the third day of the taboo out to visit friends, the third of the families are accustomed to sweeping down the garbage, sent out of the house outside the open space or go to the riverside, shouting to do to send poor people. Therefore, few people go out on this day; contraindicated with needle and thread, especially avoid doing needlework in the hall.
2, digital taboos. Hakka folk taboo four, six, seven, eight and the first five, fourteen, twenty-three (formerly known as the month taboo day). Young children four years old, said two double years old, "four" and "dead" harmonic, so taboo and taboo. Hakka people on the number "seven" is also very taboo, the seventh day of the first month to eat "seven kinds of vegetables" is a typical example, in addition to seven kinds of vegetables due to the harmonic symbols that people pray for smart and hard-working, happy for a long time in addition to the implied people on the "seven" of the day. The number "seven" is taboo. Because in the Hakka language, "seven, seven, eight, eight" is the meaning of trouble. Hakka funeral customs have "go seven", "seven seven", "four seven", "do seven" taboo custom, also reflects the Hakka people for "seven", "seven", "seven", "seven", "seven". It also reflects the taboo of the Hakka people on "seven". "Going seven" is commonly known as "bumping seven", 28th day after the funeral (commonly known as "four seven") is taboo on the seventh, seventeenth and twenty-seventh days of the lunar calendar, "bumping seven", the family must go away. The 28th day after the report of mourning (commonly known as the "fourth seven") is not to coincide with the seventh, seventeenth and twenty-seventh days of the lunar calendar, and "bumping the seventh day" requires the family to leave the house, which is commonly known as "bumping the third without bumping the fourth, and the bumping of the living people without a little gas"; within the "seven seven seven" (i.e., 49 days after the report of mourning), it is forbidden for the filial son or grandson to have a haircut; and it is forbidden to put chopsticks and dishes on top of each other in order to prevent endless funerals. "The fourth seven days is commonly known as "Meizi seven", and it is the custom of filial daughters to prepare offerings to pay tribute. "Doing seven" means that from the day of the death of the deceased, every seven days, filial sons and grandsons must wear mourning clothes and prepare sacrificial offerings to pay homage to the spirit, also known as "sifting seven". To "three seven", "five seven", "round seven" (i.e., seven seven) for the big seven, the general middle and upper family, often prepared livestock sweet fruits and other Yan monks chanting, the ceremony is like a funeral! "do fasting". In addition, the fifth of each month, fourteen, twenty-three, the old saying, "Monthly Jubilee" (i.e., the monthly jubilee), the proverb said: "five, fourteen, twenty-three, and the grandmother has silver to go to the burden," "five, fourteen, twenty-three
3, fertility taboos. Hakka folk "June 6, Burao break auntie," said the popularity of the idea that the child born on June 6 will be in trouble with the parents, so there are taboos.
The old Chinese folk "taboo on lifting the May child", the "Historical Records - Meng Changjun biography" record cloud: "May child long with the household Qi, will be unfavorable to their parents"; "Song Book - Wang Zhenxu biography" also recorded: "Zhenxu to Zhenxu was born on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, and his family was afraid of the custom, so they ordered him to succeed 疎宗. Mang (Zhenxu's grandfather) was surprised and said, 'This is a very special child, in the past, Meng Changjun was born in a bad month and was in line with each other, and this is a child who will also be able to promote our family! Therefore, the name is Zhenxiao". The Hakka folk "taboo lifting June son" may be "taboo lifting May son" from the transposition.
Hakka folk in the old days, there is a "fetal God" said. Guangdong Xingning Luo fabricated the "book" within the "daily written in the fetal God occupies a certain place". Some of the Hakka folk taboos for pregnant women are related to the "fetus god" theory, while others are useful experiences. Hakka folk taboos for pregnant women include: forbidden to eat sheep's liver, carp, dog meat, rabbit meat, bird meat, goat meat, shrimp toad, can yellow earthworm, etc., it is said that this kind of food will cause disaster, cause of disease, including broken such as "hare lip", etc.); taboo across the cow, horse rope, it is said that the cow and horse are pregnant with the child in 12 months and the birth of a pregnant woman across the cow and horse bridle, will cause obstructed labor; taboo sitting! "Trojan horse", Trojan horse that the carpenter works commonly used wooden frame, it is said that pregnant women sit on the wooden frame, carpenter built the house is not good luck, here there is a contempt for women's "unclean" concept at work; taboo pregnant women sitting side by side, it is said that this will affect the fetus.
4. Daily life taboos
Clothes are not worn backwards. Wearing clothes in reverse is like wearing mourning clothes, which means that you are in mourning at home.
Food and drink hostage avoid using chopsticks to hit the plate and bowl, chopsticks to hit the plate and bowl is a beggar's approach to begging for food, but also to tease dogs and cats and other animals to eat the signal. At the same time, avoid sticking chopsticks in the rice bowl, which is the way to sacrifice the dead.
Sleeping bed in the housing set up avoid facing the roof beams. It is believed that the beams on the roof of the pre-mortal, and easy to have nightmares. The bed should not be directly to the door, and should not sleep with the feet toward the door, which is a symbol of mourning.
Do not go out to work in the "three deadly day", "empty dead time".
The birth of a child is not directly called birth, said "for" or "light", "birth".
The elderly should not be called "old" when they are old. "Old" is synonymous with death, it is appropriate to call more years or years of age.
The time to visit the sick taboo in the afternoon, evening and the first day of the lunar calendar, the fifteenth day. Afternoon oracle day has passed the day, the evening oracle sunset western sky, the first day of the first, the fifteenth day is to honor the gods and ghosts of the day. Ask the patient avoid calling the word sick, it is appropriate to ask "then not comfortable?" "Where is it unnatural?" The child's illness is called "bad behavior".
The dead taboo on the first day of the lunar calendar, eleven, twenty-one. Seven days after the death of seven days called "crash death", that the family will make "wind brake". On the day of seven, the whole family and **** house neighbors have to leave home early in the morning out of "avoiding", only to return in the afternoon.
Taboo pig, cat gratuitous gift to friends and relatives. Hakka proverb "pigs to poor, dogs to rich, cats with sackcloth" said, with sackcloth means to wear mourning clothes, bad luck. Even if the other side received a dog or cat to return the gift is considered auspicious.
The road meet do not know the middle and young women to ask for information, avoid saying "sister-in-law", "aunt", "aunt", "aunt", "aunt", "aunt" and so on. "and so on, it is appropriate to call" big sister "or" fine sister ". Otherwise, it is easy to wrongly claim to offend people.
The secret of the "cervix". The cervix, that is, the baby placenta, in the Hakka region of Meizhou, people treasure their "cervix trace" (buried cervix place), traditionally, there is a baby's "cervix" secrecy custom, whenever a baby is born, the baby cervix, only when the grandmother is entitled to deal with (if the grandmother is not present, then the grandmother is the only right to deal with the). If the grandmother is not present, the father will handle it,) usually buried in the family's ancestral home within the scope of the burial site is always confidential.
In the old days, Zijin folk taboo: crows, crows for the ghosts and horses, called must be dead. Taboo dusk cockcrowing. There is a more (crowing) fire (fire), two more (crowing) thief (theft) said. Avoid hen crowing. It is said that hen crowing is the reversal of yin and yang, yin and yang decline, the main trouble, the family is not auspicious. Avoid ear fever. Left ear burning wealth (wealth)", "right ear burning (trouble)", "two ear burning nothing" said, some people ear burning, tearing a piece of paper, the center of the hollow, set in the ear of fever, called "wearing paper", "the paper", "the paper", "the paper", "the paper", "the paper", "the paper", "the paper", "the paper", "the paper", "the paper", "the paper", "the paper". It is called "wearing a paper shackle", saying that it can "avoid evil". Jealous of eyelid jumping, said "eyelid jumping, there is a way to run" (meaning something to run). Jealous of corpses into the house, that "cold corpses into the house defeat to Duk (bottom)", so the death of a foreigner, can only be parked under the eaves of the body. Pregnant women should not look at strange faces and listen to strange sounds, look and listen to strange faces and sounds, will give birth to strange babies. There is a "look at the monkey to give birth to monkeys, look at the uncle to give birth to uncle" (referring to the clay Bodhisattva) said. Avoid saying the word "blood", Hakka "blood", "black" homophonic, so pig's blood is called pig red. Do not say the house on the beam, Hakka language "on, funeral" harmony, so on the beam called "rising beam". Jealous of the third day of the Lunar New Year as a guest, the third day of the Lunar New Year for the "poor ghost day", this day there are guests at the door, the guest for the "poor ghost", the master of a year of inauspicious.
Although the Fogang Hakka people have long lived with the vernacular folk mixed, but still retains many traditional taboos: avoid opening the mouth to curse "X your mother"! Often because of the quarrel scolded "X your mother" and caused a fight, because this sentence insults the mother, too intolerable. It is taboo to sit at the head of the table (i.e., the row of seats at the end of the house), because that row of seats should be reserved for the head of the family. Jealous of the newborn child An's name and the elders of the same one, especially not with the immediate elders of the same one.
The Hakka region of Jiexi, pregnant women in the event of the death of a relative, funeral mourning when the waist is not tied hemp skin. Where to do a variety of large and small events or other work do not see pregnant women, that pregnant women encountered or looked at will be unlucky. Children should not be held by pregnant women, and it is believed that the children will have more disasters and illnesses after being held. Brewing sprinkles, steam all kinds of cakes, steamed rice dry, making dried rice cereals (dried rice is steamed with glutinous, dried and fried, add sugar, malt, etc. made of rice square sugar cubes: known as dried rice. Hepa, Wuyun, on the sand, sand and other towns, every year in the Spring Festival, there is the custom of making dried rice candy), and so on, but also can not let the pregnant woman to the scene, that she looked at the dried rice candy will be loosened not block. Sow, cow giving birth or crowing after less than a month, also can not let pregnant women see, otherwise, pigs, cows will be sick. The edge of the bride's bed or the edge of the sleeper where the baby sleeps, the pregnant woman should not sit down indiscriminately, as sitting down will cause him/her to have marital disharmony or a lot of children's disasters and illnesses. Pregnant women sleeping on the bed mat, pillowcase, mosquito netting, etc., wash without boiling water, for fear of scalding the "fetus God".
Jiexi some of the family name and the name of an animal homophonic, the family name of the people, will give this animal another name, so as not to be taboo. Jiexi Hebao area of the family name is not full of people, but no less than seventy or eighty surnames. Among them, there are also some surnames and some animals or words to avoid taboo. For example, the Yang family name people call "sheep" as "young hair", the slaughter of sheep as "slaughter young hair", the goat called "Huangjing The yellow people call the yellow cow "red cow" or "sand cow"; the Ma people call the horse "four-legged"; and the Zhu people call the pig "fat goods". ...... In addition, people with the surname Wen do not say "pig plague" or "chicken plague"; people with the surname Xie do not like people to say "thank you" to them, but should say "thank you" instead. Because in Hakka, "感" and "减" have the same sound; those surnamed Liu do not say "割瘤"; those surnamed Gu do not say "打鼓"; and those surnamed Gu do not say "打鼓". The people surnamed Liu don't say "cut tumor"; the people surnamed Gu don't say "beat drum"; the people surnamed Zhuang don't like to hear the word "play dead"; the people surnamed Luo don't like to hear names such as "bad wok" or "bad wok"; and so on.