Intelligent building technology refers to the optimized combination according to the needs of users through the structure, equipment, service and management of buildings, thus providing users with an efficient, comfortable and convenient humanized building environment. It is a technology integrating modern architecture, modern communication network, modern control network, Internet /Internet/intranet and modern computer.
2 the concept and system structure of intelligent building
The connotation and essence of intelligent building are: within the framework of building, according to the principle of system engineering, adapting to the needs of specific people, integrating computer technology, network technology, automation technology, biotechnology, material science and environmental science, and establishing comfort, environmental protection and economy. Efficient, safe, effective and sustainable artificial environment.
Application of Several New Technologies in Intelligent Building
3. 1 network technology
With the development of optical fiber technology, intelligent buildings and smart home devices have entered a new network era. Intranet network technology based on Web is becoming the mainstream form of building or enterprise information backbone network. Intelligent building requires the network to have enough bandwidth and a certain quality of service, so that multimedia information can be displayed smoothly in the user's browser. Internet/Intranet has created a brand-new information world for people's information exchange and lifestyle.
The application of information network technology in intelligent buildings leads to: ①In-①internet/Intranet reduces the cost of information exchange and information release and dissemination between people and intelligent buildings; (2) Software and hardware investment, performance improvement and maintenance cost of adopting open network to transmit collaborative information system; ③ Improve the working efficiency and management level of building management personnel, improve the working ability of building property management, formulate management plans and coordinate overall events; ④ Remote monitoring and operation can be realized, and comprehensive information and data can be obtained; ⑤ It can increase the ability of information and data exchange between communication automation control system and information system, and Internet/Intranet can be seamlessly connected through firewall; ⑥ The information and control system integration can directly utilize the integrated wiring system in the building, and the network interconnection and expansion are easy to realize.
3.2 Wireless LAN technology
The rapid rise of wireless local area network is due to its simple structure and convenient installation. The main components are wireless PC and personal computer. Wireless LAN generally adopts the following transmission technologies, and its cost depends on the wireless PC cards manufactured by different technologies: RF (radio frequency), ds (direct sequence), FH (frequency hopping), IR (infrared), video transmission, diffusion transmission, etc. The combination of wireless local area network with mobile communication and satellite communication will play a greater role, so the development of its technology has attracted more and more attention.
The application of WLAN technology in intelligent buildings includes:
① Application of e-commerce system: wireless LAN connection of e-commerce machines such as e-shopping in intelligent buildings;
(2) Application of wireless signal repeater: it can realize the signal forwarding function of mobile phones and pagers in intelligent buildings;
(3) Wireless conference TV and video services: provide conference TV and video signal transmission, interaction and access services in the event place through the wireless local area network in the intelligent building;
④ Application of service system: Wireless LAN connection of catering, entertainment, remote medical diagnosis, family education, public help and other services in intelligent buildings.
3.3 Two-way TV transmission technology
Signal transmission technology is the key of broadband network transmission technology. In order to realize the interference-free transmission of three kinds of signals (cable TV signal, computer signal and telephone signal) in the same transmission medium, two-way transmission mode is adopted. In order to form a bidirectional line, it is necessary to set up an uplink and a downlink. Uplink and downlink transmission technologies are realized by frequency division multiplexing and time division multiplexing. The uplink signals are mainly computer signals, cable TV analog signals and telephone voice signals, while the downlink signals are mainly TV signals and data signals. Two-way TV transmission technology transforms the traditional CATV network in intelligent buildings into a broadband high-speed network that can provide interactive information and data transmission, and provides a reserved network interface for realizing the comprehensive transmission mode of TV network, computer network and telephone network in future intelligent buildings.
The applications of two-way TV transmission technology in intelligent buildings are as follows: ① digital or analog TV on demand; ② Interactive video games; ③ Provide broadband Internet/Intranet network access.
3.4 Home Intelligence Technology
The concept and composition of intelligent residence come from intelligent building. Intelligent home network means that information appliances and other devices are connected by physical means, so that they can communicate with each other, thus forming a home network system or home LAN. Its construction is conducive to the unified and intelligent management of information appliances. Intelligent home network technology connects information appliances through the network, which is convenient to use, provides more comfortable, safer and more efficient intelligence and improves people's quality of life.
The application of home intelligence technology in intelligent building includes:
① Home safety early warning system: illegal entry into automatic alarm, fire alarm, water leakage, air leakage and emergency call for help;
② Remote controls for home appliances: smart microwave ovens, smart vacuum cleaners, smart refrigerators, smart air conditioners, smart TVs and other remote controls;
(3) Information appliance function upgrade: automatically download the new control program of the manufacturer, upgrade the function of the information appliance, and realize remote fault diagnosis and maintenance of the appliance;
④ Network control of household appliances: Each user's household appliances can publish their own control menu on the home network, so that all household appliances connected to the home network can be controlled through TV, fax machine, PDA, videophone and mobile phone.
3.5 Mobile Office Technology
Mobile office provides a virtual office environment by using virtual technology, which is the comprehensive crystallization of network technology, communication technology, vision technology and home intelligence technology. The application of mobile office technology can enable office workers at home or in different places to enter the office process anytime and anywhere, handle documents and read materials in time, just like in their own offices. Participate in the video conference held by the unit and participate in speeches and discussions; And through home intelligence technology, using videophone and videophone to remotely control office equipment and home electrical equipment.
The application of mobile office technology in intelligent buildings includes:
① Multimedia e-mail: send voice, image, video, audio information and formatted text through e-mail smart fax and Netmeeting;
② Teleconference TV: realize the access of teleconference TV terminal through B-ISDN or Internet;
③ Wireless remote control: using B-ISDN or Internet/Intranet network to realize remote control of office equipment or household appliances through videophone or videophone.
3.6 Control network technology
At present, the control network technology is developing in the direction of openness of architecture and network interconnection. Open control network has the characteristics of standardization, portability, expansibility and operability. With the popularization of computer internet technology, the control network must follow the development path of network interconnection to meet the requirements of openness, so it is an inevitable trend to move from field control bus to control network. Control network usually refers to a computer network characterized by controlling production process objects.
The application of control network technology in intelligent building includes:
① Improve the control and linkage structure of heterogeneous network environment such as building automation system, security monitoring and alarm system, fire alarm system and combustible gas leakage alarm system in intelligent buildings.
② Automatic remote monitoring and data acquisition of equipment, communication, management and control in intelligent buildings can be realized.
③ It is beneficial to the interaction with integrated distributed application systems and integrated systems. All the equipment and safety monitoring information in the intelligent building can enter various computer platforms (such as Windows98/2000 and Java) and desktop systems, thus improving the utilization rate of monitoring information in the intelligent building and * * * enjoying the comprehensive data integration in the "group environment".
④ It is beneficial to detect, monitor and control the living environment, state and operation process of electromechanical equipment.
3.7 Biotechnology
With the development of biotechnology, many intelligent systems will introduce bio-intelligence technology, and the construction of green buildings will also promote the development of more new fields and technologies. The application of biotechnology in intelligent buildings includes: ① the integration of biotechnology and building materials makes buildings more energy-efficient; ② Environmental detection technology. It is hoped that in the future, the sensing ability of bio-intelligent chips will be closer to that of people, and biotechnology will play an effective role in the treatment of harmful substances; ③ Bio-intelligence will raise the building intelligence to a new level.
3.8 Smart Card Technology
With the development of large-scale integrated circuit technology, smart cards have the advantages of small size, easy to carry and use, good security and reliability. At present, smart card system can be used to manage the entrance and exit of intelligent buildings, parking lot management, patrol sign-in management, commercial consumption and electronic wallet material management, property management and other important departments. The application of smart card technology in intelligent buildings includes:
① Application of entrance and exit management system: the entrance and exit management should adopt IC card management to realize the safety management of information records of personnel entrance and exit, apartment main door and elevator;
(2) Application of the patrol sign-in management system: the regular or irregular patrols of security guards are recorded by smart cards, and each patrol point is equipped with a key button. After the patrol personnel arrive at the patrol point, press the button and insert the smart card, the system will automatically record, print and archive to realize patrol safety management;
③ Application of parking lot management system: for all vehicles (cars, motorcycles, bicycles, etc.). In the intelligent building, the driver takes a smart IC card with encrypted number as the door key, and the card is legally inserted, otherwise it is rejected.
Smart card system can realize Chinese automatic parking guidance, automatic toll collection and lighting guidance, and automatically generate files, print and display;
④ Application of property charge management system: The system is the first to enter the intelligent network system based on computer network, realizing the automation of water, electricity and gas meter reading and various expense settlement, and providing a series of management such as telephone inquiry, transfer and dunning;
⑤ Application of personnel attendance management system: Use smart card to establish personnel files and record personnel attendance.
3.9 Visualization technology
Visualization technology refers to network-based video transmission, interaction and multimedia video service technology. At present, both digital video-on-demand and conference TV in intelligent buildings use visualization technology to provide video transmission, interaction and service for the network desktop system in buildings. The application of visualization technology in intelligent building includes:
(1) digital video on demand: providing video services such as movies, TV, distance education and games to the network desktop system in the intelligent building;
(2) Conference TV: provide peer-to-peer or network-based interactive multimedia image transmission services to the network desktop system in the intelligent building.
3. 10 data satellite communication technology
The communication technology of direct broadcast satellite system has established a network based on VSAT technology and supplemented by IDR/MUX frame interrupt exchange technology, which can transmit data, images, languages and other contents. DBS can realize high-quality broadband communication because of its fast transmission rate, reliable and safe transmission, wide frequency band, large capacity, low channel error rate and wide coverage. It is suitable for mobile communication and has been used for wireless access, so its application has been developed. At the same time, satellite multi-beam coverage, on-board processing technology, ground cellular mobile communication and computer software technology can be comprehensively applied.
The application of data satellite communication technology in intelligent buildings includes: ① providing Internet/Intranet network access; ② provide interconnection with B-ISDN network; ③ Provide professional LAN access; ④ Realize the combination with mobile communication system; ⑤ Realizing remote multipoint video conference; ⑥ Realize remote medical diagnosis and remote education.
4 conclusion
Intelligent building is the goal of human modernization in 2 1 century. Intelligent building has become a new growth point of world scientific and technological innovation and economic development. The application of information technology in intelligent building is definitely based on network, which has good human-computer interaction ability and multi-dimensional information processing ability. Technically, the development will focus on virtual technology, collaborative work, visualization technology and biotechnology; In application, we should closely combine the application requirements and emphasize comprehensive integration.
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