Running a school by social forces is an important supplement to running a school by the state, and it has flourished because of the implementation of multi-track system in China's current education system reform. Under the condition of limited national financial resources and personnel, social forces don't need state investment, don't occupy state establishment, mobilize the potential energy of society, throw away the huge institutions of regular colleges and universities, cultivate and transport talents flexibly for society, open up and provide a broad learning world for 90% students who failed in the college entrance examination, stabilize social stability and unity, provide them with a competitive mechanism, and provide a large number of on-the-job personnel with continuing education combined with majors. A group of dedicated education administrators have been trained, which provides a new model for solving the institutional problems in the reform of the education system. These are undoubtedly the fundamental factors for the vigorous development and long-term survival of social forces in running schools. At all times and in all countries, non-state-invested higher education can be found everywhere, among which there are many well-known private universities with international reputation.

It is true that in the primary stage of socialism in China, social forces have just emerged, and there are still many problems, the most fundamental of which is the direction of running a school, that is, the guiding ideology of running a school. At present, the operators of some schools in society are more concerned about how much money they can earn from their students. Once a few classes begin, they no longer care about the attendance rate of students, let alone be responsible for their ideological quality, physical health and personal safety. They will give up the overall management of students and let themselves drift in their studies without discipline. If they are satisfied with having a teacher in class, everything will be fine. On the basis of the same charging standard, they take measures such as greatly reducing class hours or arbitrarily expanding class size to seek economic benefits at the expense of teaching quality. Most of their income is not used to improve teaching conditions and update equipment, but flows into the personal pockets of school operators. They play word games in the recruitment advertisements, grandstanding. Or brag, make promises, and even kidnap tuition and run away.

It is worth pointing out that some educational administrative departments are soft on those schools, especially individuals, that do not meet the requirements for running a school. As far as foreign language training in An is concerned, there are many foreign language schools of various names, some social youths who are isolated from foreign languages run schools, some scholars who have closed down and changed schools, and some gold diggers from other places come to Shaanxi to run schools. Most of them made their debut in BLACKPINK by advertising several times, renting several classrooms and hiring several teachers. They completely ignore the basic laws of foreign language learning, and replace the comprehensive training of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation with a bookishness, thus cultivating a large number of young people who are interested in learning a foreign language into foreign language freaks. Most of them have no teaching equipment. At most, they bring a tape recorder as an ornament.

All this eloquently shows that adhering to the socialist school-running direction and rectifying the social school-running environment are equally urgent and serious problems not only for school operators, but also for units that have approved running schools.

Second, the primary problem of running a school by social forces is to adhere to the socialist direction of running a school.

The socialist direction of running schools by social forces has rich connotations, which should be reflected in the following aspects:

1. The whole process of running a school revolves around ensuring and improving the quality of teaching, and cultivating and transporting practical talents for the society.

2. The main person in charge of the school group, especially the school, has selfless dedication and innovation and pioneering ability.

3. Whether the income from running a school flows to improve the teaching conditions or enrich itself is an important symbol to measure the direction of running a socialist school.

4. Whether students can carry out all-round education in morality, intelligence and physique has a high sense of responsibility and is the soul of the direction of running a socialist school.

Xi 'an Translation Training College (including its predecessor) has been displayed in the ancient city with a new attitude of running a school voluntarily since its first day of establishment. Entrusted by the joint meeting of the provincial tourism bureau and the general managers of major travel agencies, the pass rate of the first tour guide training course was as high as 83.7%, ranking first among the applicants, and nearly 50 graduates were all employed by major travel agencies. The deeds of Chinese and foreign linguists, tourism experts and leaders of Xi Translators Association were published at the end of the front page of Xi Evening News 1986.

From 65438 to 0987, every freshman in our college insisted on the system of making up lessons one month in advance before entering school. On the one hand, it has initially changed the abnormal state of middle school students with more grammar but less listening and speaking, so that they gradually adapt to the environment of implementing all-foreign language teaching in our classroom; On the other hand, by adding a month's course, freshmen can pass the self-taught examination in the whole province and enhance their belief in learning to become talents. In addition to the 20-week class hours per semester, our college will add one month of courses for free, which makes us lose nearly 1/5 from the low tuition. For class 15 with 600 freshmen of Grade 88, each class has as many as 28-35 classes per week, and it costs 8,000 yuan in class fees, 6,000 yuan in classroom rent and 3,000 yuan in staff salaries. Compared with the thousands of tuition fees charged by some training courses that do not recognize academic qualifications in colleges and universities, the tuition fees charged by our college are so low, and compared with some social forces 12- 14, the class hours in our college are so substantial.

Our college never charges students for any excuse. On the contrary, our college has sponsored students in rural teachers' classes of Grade 86 and Grade 87. Our college rents the guest house of the Institute of Posts and Telecommunications at a rate of 15 yuan per bed per month, while our college only charges students 12 yuan. The subsidy for hundreds of people a year cost us nearly 4000 yuan. For many students from poor families who are eager to learn, tuition fees or even accommodation fees will be reduced, and material rewards will be given to students with excellent academic performance and winners of literary, sports and oral competitions. This is very valuable for social forces to run schools.

Class hours are a link to measure teaching quality, while teaching conditions and teaching equipment are another aspect to ensure teaching quality.

In recent years, the training income of nearly 3,000 people has reached nearly one million yuan. Except for class fees, rent, salary, large-scale academic activities sponsored by Xi 'an Translation Association and daily teaching expenses, almost all the remaining 400,000 yuan has been invested in improving teaching conditions. By the end of June 1989, 1 1, our institute has invested 40,000 yuan to build 48 multi-functional language laboratories. Two-way selection of listening room is worth 10000 yuan, TV recording system is worth 20000 yuan, microcomputer room is worth10000 yuan, typing room is worth10000 yuan, and more than 600 beds and dormitories are worth sanitary ware. More than 600 students have 40,000 yuan for cooking stoves and 65,438+10,000 yuan for other teaching equipment. Fixed assets alone amounted to more than 600,000 yuan. The investment in fixed assets has increasingly narrowed the gap between the teaching conditions of our social forces and the formal institutions invested by the state.

Low and reasonable charging standard is the basic point of running a school by social forces, and the flow of income is an important symbol to measure the socialist direction of running a school by social forces. Compared with the large amount of investment in teaching equipment, the monthly salary of staff in our hospital is only 60-70 yuan, the allowance for departmental leaders is 100 yuan, and the allowance for dean is only 130-40 yuan. Among them, the main leaders of running schools have been running schools for several years, and there is no color TV refrigerator and no penny deposit at home, which is honest and clean. The flow of school income is undoubtedly the best evidence of the direction of running a school.

Thirdly, it should be guided by social needs and provide the society with compound translators.

Since its establishment, our school has always adhered to the guidance of social needs, cultivating and transporting compound translators. Nearly 40 full-time continuing education classes have been established for 1500 students and more than 2,000 students majoring in international tourism, international trade, foreign secretaries and English teachers. A total of * * * trained more than 3000 students. Except for the students in the 88th, 89th and 90th classes, the remaining 3,000 continuing education students and some full-time students in the 86th, 87th and 88th classes have all completed their studies. Among them, more than 800 foreign language training courses for scientific and technical personnel entrusted by the Provincial Science and Technology Bureau and the Municipal Vocational Reform Office were successfully promoted to engineers and senior engineers through foreign language assessment; Nearly 100 German classes for labor export all went to Germany; Dozens of Japanese intensive class students were selected by the unit to study in Japan; Nearly a thousand graduate students trained by our college have studied English, advanced oral English, part-time tour guide English and Japanese. Most of the 200 students (graduates) in the 86th, 87th and 88th English normal classes were employed as senior and junior high school teachers by middle schools inside and outside the province, and more than 80% of them were transferred from rural areas to non-hukou, and were recognized as university degrees by their units. Nearly 200 students from the 86th and 87th English and Japanese tourism classes were employed by major travel agencies and hotels, some as tour guides, and some as department heads or department managers of hotels. There are many graduates from our college in major travel agencies and hotels in Xi 'an. The students' oral ability of Xi 'an Translation Training College has been recognized by people from all walks of life, and the recruiters in hotels, restaurants and travel agencies are also in an endless stream. More than ten graduates of Italian tour guide classes organized by major travel agencies in our hospital have become the backbone of Italian tour guides of major travel agencies such as China Travel Agency, and it is not uncommon to borrow Italian tour guides from our hospital.

The reason why graduates of our college are welcomed by employers is mainly due to the rapid and flexible advantages of our college in running schools with social forces as the guide, offering compound majors and cultivating practical foreign language talents. The specialties offered by our college, such as international trade, international tourism, foreign-related secretaries and English teachers, have broken the tradition of cultivating a single type of foreign language talents and have attracted the keen attention of students, parents and employers. In the year of 1988 alone, there were thousands of high school graduates who applied for various majors in our college (1989, 1990 autumn, there were 700 students who applied for the exam at one time, and our college only admitted 400 students with high scores of more than 400 points), and many of them have been admitted to universities and transferred to our college. Guided by social needs, education directly serves socialist construction and economic construction, and cultivating compound foreign language talents is increasingly showing great vitality.

Four, strong leadership, sound organization and efficient management system.

The rise and fall of running a school by social forces depends largely on the organization of the leading group. With the approval of the Municipal Association for Science and Technology and the approval of the Provincial Higher Education Bureau, our college hired Li, former director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress, Zhang Bin, former vice governor of Shaanxi Province, Wei Mingzhong and Fan Ming, vice chairmen of the Provincial Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, Tian, vice chairman, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, honorary president, Professor Hao Keqi, director of the Foreign Languages Department of Xi Jiaotong University, and Ding Zuyi, former director of the Foreign Languages Department of Petroleum College, as the vice president, and hired a teaching advisory group with directors of foreign languages departments of major universities as the main body. At the inaugural meeting of the College, Li Xipu, director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress, personally attended the meeting to congratulate. Sun Tianyi, deputy director of the Provincial Political Consultative Conference, and Li Chunsheng, chairman of the Municipal Association for Science and Technology, spoke at the meeting. Zhang Keren, director of the Provincial Higher Education Bureau, personally awarded the flag to the College. The members of the Standing Council of Xi Translators Association, the organizer, are distributed in foreign affairs, foreign trade and economic cooperation, tourism and universities in various provinces and cities. A strong leading group is an important guarantee for social forces to run schools along the socialist direction.

The college consists of academic affairs office, political affairs office, general affairs office, office and security section. Retired cadres and associate professors in colleges and universities become the main force of our staff. The Student Union and the Youth League Committee have become the right-hand men in all activities of our college. Strict teaching plan, sound rules and regulations, clear responsibilities of financial management, full-time security guards and doormen make our school tend to be standardized. Security personnel have effectively protected the safety of more than 1,000 teachers and students, and prevented social interference in the college, which has been warmly welcomed by students and parents.

Our college has given full play to the advantages of social forces in running schools without eating the same pot of rice, and fully mobilized the potential of multi-functional personnel. The political officer of our college is also the administrator of the listening room, cashier and typist, and the administrator of the language laboratory. The warehouse keeps and plays videos. The teaching staff is also the class teacher, the buyer is also the logistics electrical appliances and pipeline maintenance, and the directors of all departments are also the class teacher. Almost every staff member has several roles, and is specialized in many functions, which basically realizes the working mode of full load or even overload in public institutions, thus establishing an efficient management system for more than 30 students 1000 students (including more than 600 resident students). From 6: 30 in the morning, the duty officer urged the students to get up early to study, and even woke them up from one bed to another for long-distance running in winter. In the evening, the teacher on duty and the head teacher have never stopped attendance and counseling. More than 600 students study by themselves at night. It is a new attempt to introduce moral, intellectual and physical education and life management into social forces to run schools.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) All-round management of running schools by social forces

With the continuous expansion of the scale of running schools by social forces and the introduction of full-time resident students, management problems will inevitably rise to the main contradiction.

Since the first day of its establishment, our college has been faced with the all-round management of more than a thousand students. We boldly introduce moral, intellectual and physical education into social education. First of all, in order to do a good job in the placement of new students, our hospital is better than parents for students who live far away from their parents, from the dean to the general staff, from retired people who are over 60 years old to sick young women. They didn't rest for a whole summer vacation, braved the dog days and the heat, and carried more than 600 bed boards and more than 300 sets of iron cribs from the first floor to the fifth floor, including an old man. A young woman worker insisted on walking back and forth between five floors with everyone, regardless of her sweaty dress and trembling legs and hands. A young man who once took off two ribs carried nearly a hundred bedboards in one day! Yes, only dozens of workers loaded and unloaded six trucks with their hands, backs and shoulders in one day. No handling equipment, no temporary workers and no extra salary. Compared with the huge management institutions of public schools today, compared with their mental outlook, their dedication is so valuable.

At the beginning of school, many students left their parents, attached to their relatives and friends, and became ill because of acclimatization. The staff of our hospital used bicycles, trolleys and even shoulder-to-shoulder arms to send them to the hospital for treatment. The college also paid them a deposit of 300-500 yuan for hospitalization, and the leaders of the college constantly visited and comforted every hospitalized student. The teachers on duty in several parishes in the hospital have posted their own warm quilts. Before dawn and after midnight, they patrol the corridors of the dormitory area like regular customers and listen to the students' sweet snoring with relief. The executive vice president in charge of educational affairs worked day and night all the year round, stayed in the hospital for 24 hours, fell asleep on the sofa in the hospital office at night, and was affectionately praised as "the sofa dean" by the students.

Every Mid-Autumn Festival, leaders at all levels of the college hold hundreds of moon cakes in their hands and hand them to the trembling hands of students one by one in each district and dormitory. Everywhere they went, they heard applause that shook their hearts, and everywhere they went, they saw tears of deep affection and excitement.

On New Year's Day, all the teachers and students performed on the same stage. The heroic singing of "Dare to Ask Where the Road Is" has inspired more than a thousand students to open up the road of life with their diligence. All the faculty and staff accompanied the students to greet the New Year's Day bells of 1989 and 1990, and spent sleepless nights of 1989 and 1990. It has become an unwritten rule in our college that leaders and students should be * * * on holidays now.

The deep love of the leaders and faculty of our college for students is the gene of strict management and all-round management. The Party branch and the Political Department of this hospital have formulated a complete and clear management system and post responsibility system. Responsible for the political and ideological education of the whole hospital, carry out moral education, intellectual education and legal education, strengthen the organizational construction of the Youth League Committee and the Student Union, conduct business training and series management for the class teacher, and vigorously carry out the recommendation of graduates. Guided by the market demand, the Education Office has formulated a three-year full-time teaching plan for cultivating compound talents in universities of economy, trade, tourism, secretarial and normal universities. The appointment system of teachers has been improved, the teaching progress plan has been made, the teaching and research activities have been strengthened, and the teaching quality has been improved. At the same time, students who have been absent from class for more than 52 hours are resolutely removed from the list. There is an audio-visual teaching assistant department under the Academic Affairs Office, which systematically manages the language laboratory, listening and video recording. The textbook department shoulders the printing of students' handouts and test papers, as well as the planning and procurement of a large number of textbooks; The General Affairs Department traveled back and forth in several teaching areas, arranged doormen and cleaners for 600 students, and equipped them with boilers, electric water heaters, dormitories and 600 beds, bookcases and washstands. The maintenance of nearly a thousand sets of tables and chairs, the daily supply of water and electricity, and the management of the canteen have all soaked the efforts of our faculty. The college office is responsible for the development and organization of large-scale activities in the college. The opening ceremony was held in the conference hall on the seventh floor of the provincial government 1988, and provincial leaders such as Li Xipu, Li, Fan Ming and Sun Tianyi were invited. Zhang Keren, director of the Provincial Higher Education Bureau, awarded the flag to our college. Li Chunsheng, Chairman of the Municipal Association for Science and Technology, read out the re-approved list of leading members of our hospital. More than a thousand participants watched our special video and students' large-scale cultural performances. Our college performed nearly four hours of cultural programs at the New Year's Eve parties of 1989 and 1990, which attracted a large number of students running schools by social forces in Xi 'an, and 1400 seats were packed.

Our college has held cross-country winter races year after year, and conducted many intra-university and inter-school oral competitions, and won the first overall score of the first Zhang Qian Cup Youth English Speech Competition in Shaanxi Province, winning back the gold cup. The provincial TV station also carried out a series of reports on our hospital. In order to ensure the personal and property safety of teachers and students in the hospital and prevent social nuisance, our hospital has also set up a security section and applied to the local police station for the establishment of two security guards. The parents' meeting in Hanzhong praised our doorman for his conscientious work and strict system. They said it was safe to hand over the children to the college. 1989 during the spring festival, the vice president of our college made a special trip to Hanzhong to preside over the joint meeting of parents of Hanzhong 130 students, which was highly praised by the media in Hanzhong area. Deputy Commissioner and three deputy mayors came to attend the reception and expressed their gratitude to our college for coming to Korea to hold a hearing on parents' opinions, which laid a good foundation for students' way out. The Deputy Commissioner of the region said that they were responsible for arranging the work of Hanzhong students on 130, and thanked us for training talents for Hanzhong area. The front page of Hanzhong Daily reported the grand occasion of our parent-teacher conference.

The overall management of morality, intelligence and physique is the premise to ensure and improve the teaching quality, and it is also a new topic for social forces to run schools. At the same time when national education is at a low ebb, more than 1,000 students in our college 1 have a strong learning atmosphere, and it has become a common practice to study early and study at night. 600 freshmen of Grade 88 participated in 1988 autumn English Phonetic Knowledge and Practice, with a passing rate of 95% (80% in the whole city), among which the passing rate of Philosophy was 33% (8% in the whole country). Class of 89 students took the 1989 higher education self-study exam, and the passing rate of Linguistic Outline was 93.7%, and the passing rate of General Situation of Britain and America was 74.7%. All indicators are among the best in similar colleges. At present, the post-90s freshmen are engaged in intense exam-oriented learning activities as soon as they enter school. Some students in many colleges and universities in China are uneasy about their studies, and business gambling is getting worse. At the same time, most students in our college are studying day and night, which is inseparable from our strict management of the school. Teachers and students in our college are required to wear the school badge when they enter and leave the school, and they must check if they are late and leave early. We have repeatedly sent letters to some students who are seriously absent from class, and have publicly dealt with the fighting incidents of very few students. We have strictly implemented the work and rest system for students living on campus. These strict measures reflect the courage of the leaders of our college to strictly manage the school and are well received by parents and students.

Ending of intransitive verbs

It is true that we have gained some experience, but this is only a preliminary exploration of running schools by social forces. We still face many difficulties, such as we don't have a complete and independent school building, which is impossible to achieve with low tuition fees.

In the absence of any state investment, our funds are seriously insufficient, and many of the more than 30 staff members are unemployed youths. We are faced with the establishment and welfare protection. We also boldly imagine building our college into the first private Xi 'an Translation Institute in Shaanxi Province, taking part in the unified national enrollment, but not taking the unified national examination, and absorbing those high school graduates with outstanding foreign language ability but insufficient total scores in the college entrance examination through our college entrance examination. We suggest that our college can have the right to issue the graduation certificate of Xi 'an Translation Institute for employers to employ.

To sum up, these are our immature ideas, which need to be further discussed with comrades.