1. Thermal sterilization; There are two types: dry heat sterilization and wet heat sterilization. Dry heat sterilization includes incineration, cauterization, dry baking and infrared lamp. Wet heat sterilization includes pasteurization, boiling, circulating steam, step-by-step sterilization and high-pressure steam sterilization.
2. Radiation method: ultraviolet lamp
3. Ultrasonic wave
4. Filter sterilization method
Second, chemical disinfection and sterilization method
According to different chemical structures and properties, disinfectants can be divided into enzymes, alcohols, heavy metal salts, oxidants, surfactants, alkylating agents, dyes, acids and bases.
Common chemical disinfectants:
1. Halogen compounds are effective disinfectants, which are used to disinfect water, food and facilities.
2. Iodophor (iodophor, iodoketone and neutral polyvinyl alcohol) is commonly used for skin disinfection.
3. Phenolic compounds are powerful fungicides, which are usually used to sterilize articles, and mild phenolic compounds can also be used to sterilize skin and mucous membranes.
4. Alcohol dissolves cell membrane lipids, destroys cell protein, and generally plays an antibacterial role.
5. Hydrogen peroxide has bactericidal effect and is used for wound preservation and instrument disinfection. High concentration of hydrogen peroxide can kill spores.
6. Surfactants can reduce the surface tension of cell membrane, make cells rupture, and have the functions of cleaning and sterilization, and are used for disinfection of skin mucosa and instruments.
7. Aldehydes destroy microbial enzyme system and have potential bactericidal effect. Alkylating agent has high bactericidal performance and is an efficient bactericide, but it is toxic and carcinogenic to tissues.