belonging to: Heshan District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province
Heshan District is located in the north of central Hunan, where Yiyang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government are located, and is the political, economic and cultural center of the city. With a total population of 877,111 and an area of 1,313.2 square kilometers, it governs 5 streets, 11 towns and 8 townships, and the district government is located in Heshan Temple. The traffic is very convenient. National Highway 319 and Provincial Highway 318 pass through the territory, where Shijiazhuang-Changsha Railway and Luoyang-Zhanjiang Railway meet. Chang (Sha) Chang (De) expressway connects Heshan with Changsha Huanghua Airport, only 1 hours' drive away. Waterway reaches Dongting Lake along Zijiang River, connects Yangtze River outside, and connects Hunan, Yuan and Lishui inside, which can transport 1,111-ton freighters. Urban facilities such as communication, electricity, water supply, education, sports, entertainment and commercial services in the region are complete. There are 8 three-star hotels in the urban area, and there are first-class large-scale stadiums and international golf courses in the province.
Heshan district is rich in natural resources, and is known as "Yinyiyang" and "Land of Fish and Rice". It is an important national production base for commodity grain, cotton, fish and pigs. There are 18 kinds of mineral resources such as rare earth, hematite, stone coal, gold, copper and limestone in China, and rare earth products such as cerium, titanium and bismuth are exported to foreign countries. There are abundant labor resources, and there are nearly 1.2 million surplus laborers in the whole region, with a per capita wage of about 611 yuan/month. Heshan District is rich in humanities and rich in cultural heritage. Qi Ji, a poet and monk in the Tang Dynasty, and Hu Linyi, a famous minister in the Qing Dynasty, all came from here. There are "three leaves on one side" that Heshan people are proud of in modern times, namely, the famous historian Zhou Gucheng, critic Zhou Yang, famous writer Zhou Libo and young revolutionary writer Ye Zi. Places of interest are all over the region. Guan Yu "single-handedly went to the meeting" in Dadukou, and Pei Xiu recited the scriptures and preached in qixia temple. Longzhou Academy and Proverbs Academy are full of books and talents. Nowadays, people in Heshan pay more attention to the development of education and the cultivation of talents. There are 8 colleges and universities in the area, with an annual graduation of nearly 21,111 students, which provides a reliable manpower guarantee for the economic development of Heshan.
the industrial economy has developed steadily. Through years of cultivation, Heshan has formed 11 pillar industries such as electronics, machinery, medicine, building materials, bamboo ware, rice, packaging, food, clothing and commerce. Lanxi rice market is famous all over the country, with an annual processing and sales of 211 million kilograms of rice; Pine preserved eggs, cinnabar salted eggs, "king in oil" edible oil and "granular crystal" high-quality organic rice sell well all over the world; Shuizhu summer sleeping mat, health mat and "Yixintai" hemp textiles are popular in China. Huaxiang farmhouse music and fisherman's music are well-known both inside and outside the province. According to the development layout of "one park, two lines and one corridor", the industry has initially formed an industrial base of biomedicine, food processing, machinery manufacturing, cotton and linen textile with Longling Industrial Park of 17 square kilometers as the core; Building materials, bamboo, packaging, rice and other industrial clusters development bases with 319 national highway and 318 provincial highway as the axis; High-energy-consumption industrial development base mainly based on Xinhe Corridor. The commerce and trade industry is led by the newly-built commercial pedestrian street, and the comprehensive markets such as Yincheng Market, Chaoyang Market and Qiaonan Market complement each other with the professional markets such as knitting wholesale market and Chaoyang automobile market.
the investment environment is constantly optimized. Implement full-time agency services for investment projects. All foreign-invested enterprises involved in various administrative examination and approval procedures of government departments in the process of preparation, production and operation can entrust the whole agency service center to do it for free and complete it within a limited time. All key investment projects and all foreign investment projects in the region shall be supervised by district leaders, and efforts shall be made to optimize the soft environment for economic construction and ensure the legitimate rights and interests of investors.
Physical geography
Heshan District, a new area of Guxian County with a history of more than 2,211 years, is located in the north of central Hunan Province, on the western edge of the rich Dongting Lake and at Zishui Tailu, with geographical coordinates of 28 degrees 16 minutes to 28 degrees 53 minutes north latitude and 112 degrees 11 minutes to 112 degrees 43 minutes east longitude. It borders Xiangyin and Wangcheng counties in the east, Ningxiang County in the south, Taojiang County in the west and Ziyang District in the north.
"Look at the lake with your back to the snow peak, and it's half lake color and half mountain." This is a true portrayal of Heshan landform. Because Heshan District is located at the junction of Xuefeng Mountain Uplift and Dongting Lake Depression, the hills in the southwest are undulating and the rivers and lakes in the northeast are interlaced. The terrain is from southwest to northeast, with a three-step gradient, and the ground elevation is mostly below 111 meters above sea level. The area is dominated by plains, with complete landforms of mountains, hills and hills, and it has the characteristics of "one hill and two hills, five plains and two water towns". The highest point is Biyun Peak in the south of Cangshuipu Town, with an altitude of 512 meters, and the terrain ratio of the whole region is reduced to 1.3%. The remaining veins of Xuefeng Mountain gather in a pincer shape within 412 square kilometers in the southwest of the region, and the protrusions are high ports with large relief, with a cutting depth of 51-151 meters and 18 peaks with an altitude of more than 311 meters. The central part of the ground fluctuates gently, hills and plains are juxtaposed alternately, and the surface cutting is weak; The northeast is the lakeside plain, which is flat and open, with contiguous cultivated land, wide distribution of rivers and lakes and fertile soil. It is the main agricultural product base in the whole region.
the total water resources in Heshan district is 33.328 billion cubic meters, which consists of three parts: atmospheric precipitation, transit passenger water and groundwater. Among them, the average annual precipitation in the whole region is 1.754 billion cubic meters, the average annual transit passenger water is 22.862 billion cubic meters, and the total groundwater reserves are 8.712 billion cubic meters. The total reserve of water energy is 15346 kilowatts, and the exploitable capacity is 5722 kilowatts.
the water system in the area is developed, with 41 rivers with a length of more than 5 kilometers. Most of them flow from south or southwest to north and northeast, showing dendritic distribution, belonging to three major water systems: Zishui, Xiangshui and Dongting Lake. The total basin area in the area is 1,363 square kilometers, including 5 rivers with a basin area of more than 1,111 square kilometers.
Zishui
Zishui originates from Ziyuan County, Guangxi, enters the region from Mopanshi, Xianfeng Village, Xielingang Town, and flows from west to east. The main stream in the region is 51 kilometers long. From the branch of Ganxi Port, the tail reaches the lake spillway in 3 ways, the Maojiaokou River in the east, passes through Nanhu Island and Baima Temple, and leaves Linzikou, where it meets with the west branch of Xiangshui, which can be navigable in all seasons and reaches the Yangtze River outside. The dikes on both sides of Zishui River are solid, and there are many river ponds. There are 35 deep ponds (river troughs) in Yiyang section, including 19 from Xinqiao River to Hukou, 6 from Maojiaokou to Bazishao, and 11 from Ganxi Port to Honghe Lake. The largest river pool is Yujiazui, with an area of 451 mu. The deepest is Bailutan, with a depth of 29 meters. Zishuiweilu River Pond is a good habitat and wintering place for many kinds of fish.
Zhixi River
originates from Xintang Village, Xiatiechong Township, Weishan County, Ningxiang County, flows through Taojiang County, enters the area from Jinzitan, and flows from south to north, with a total length of 65 kilometers and a slope of 1.16‰. The area is 41 kilometers long, and the first-class tributaries are Duxi, Baizhushan River, Qili River, Daolin River, Stalagmite River, Yangxi River, Tongshu Port, Huchong River, Xielingang River and Shimashan River. The downstream banks are Shenjiatan embankment and Beifeng Mountain embankment. Zhixi River basin covers an area of 626 square kilometers, with a basin area of 411.5 square kilometers and an average runoff of 476 million cubic meters for many years. There are abundant hydropower resources, with theoretical reserves of 4,514.2 kilowatts and exploitable capacity of 3,212 kilowatts. Hydropower development has a long history. In the 21th year of the Republic of China (1932), below Jinzitan, there were 36 water-lifting trucks (water-lifting facilities) and 31 water mills (water-powered rice milling) along the river. After the founding of New China, since 1958, the cascade development of rivers has been carried out, and there are 11 shiplocks, 3 hydraulic pumping stations and 3 small hydropower stations in the area.
There are mainly 17 inner lakes in Heshan District, that is, the lakes in the flood control embankment are closed.
Donglan Mud Lake
Formerly known as Laiyi Lake, it is the largest inner lake in the region. Located in Oujiangcha Town, east of the district, with an area of 1.15 million mu and regular shape, the general elevation of the lake bottom is 26 meters. The Shuangqing Reservoir in the west is connected with Zhailuya River, the northwest is connected with Fenghuang Lake through Luhua River Gate, and the east is connected with Chemajiang River and Liulong River. The lake enters Hunan from Xinquan Temple Gate. The total control area of the lake is 814 square kilometers. Around the lake are Paikou Township, Oujiangcha Town, Quanjiaohe Town, Fenghuang Lake Township and Chema Township in Xiangyin County. The physical and chemical properties of the water in the lake are good, the pH value is 7, the mud at the bottom of the lake is deep, and the corrosion content is 3.5%. There are abundant aquatic plants, many benthos and plankton, and the fresh weight of Sophora alopecuroides is 7.5 kg per square meter, which is a eutrophic lake. It is also used for storage and water transportation, with an adjustable water storage capacity of 7.7 million cubic meters.
Lujia Lake
, also known as Lujia Lake and Liujia Lake, was the second largest inner lake in Yiyang County after the reclamation of Fenghuang Lake. It starts from Luhua River in the south and reaches Xilin Port in the north, showing a long bag shape with an area of 7,111 mu. There are many branches of the lake, the general elevation of the lake bottom is 26 meters, and the adjustable water storage capacity is 3,137,111 cubic meters. The lake enters Donglu Lake from Luhuajiang Gate, and then enters Hunan Water from Xinquan Temple.
table of inner lakes (dumb rivers) with an area of more than 111 mu in Heshan District
The whole area belongs to the monsoon humid climate of the transition from the middle subtropical zone to the north subtropical zone. It is characterized by four distinct seasons, abundant light and heat, abundant rainfall, hot in midsummer, cold in winter, warm in spring late, short in autumn, southerly winds in summer, northerly winds in other seasons as the dominant wind direction, high temperature in annual range, small daily range and obvious regional differences. The annual average temperature is 16.9℃, the average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 29℃, the average temperature in Leng Yue (October) is 4.5℃, and the temperature in annual range is 24.5℃, which is higher than that in the same latitude area. The annual average daily range is 7.3℃, which is lower than that in the same latitude area, especially in summer when the temperature difference between day and night is small. The annual frost-free period is 272 days. The annual sunshine is 1553.7 hours, and the total solar radiation is 113.73 kcal/hour. The annual rainfall is 1,432.8 mm (mm), and the precipitation is distributed in time and space from April to August. During this period, the rainfall is concentrated, with an average annual rainfall of 844.5 mm, accounting for 58.9% of the annual rainfall. The annual average relative humidity is 85%, and the dryness is 1.71. February-May is the wet season, July-September is the dry season, and 11-October and June are the transitional seasons.
Historical evolution
Heshan District was named after the famous "Heshan Temple" in the district, which was established on April 7th, 1994.
Yiyang county (the predecessor of Heshan district) has a long history. As early as the Paleolithic Age, primitive humans lived here. In the Neolithic Age, ancestors lived in groups on the shore of Dongting Lake and along the Zishui River. In the Bronze Age, villages became more and more dense. First, people used stones and wooden utensils to farm, and agriculture and animal husbandry began to develop. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Yiyang belonged to Chu, and it was a stronghold for Chu to station troops and store grain.
after Qin unified the six countries, Yiyang county was established. It is named because it is located in the north of Yishui (now Zishui). At the beginning of the county, the administrative area was about 21,811 square kilometers. County government is located in baimashan, north bank of Zishui.
in the early years of the western Han dynasty, agricultural production was gradually developed, and the ancient post road connecting east and west began to take shape. In the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu (before 196), Dr. Lu Jia, a doctor from Dazhong, went to South Vietnam from Chang 'an, Kyoto, passing through Yiyang, and lived in Lingnan Mountain in Tiepu, south bank of Zishui (in memory of Lu Jia, this mountain was later named Lu Jiashan). "The rule of Wenjing" has a prosperous scene.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Yiyang was contested by military strategists, and it was successively a territory of Shu and Wu. Today, there are sites such as Zhuge Well, Lusudi, Maliang Lake and Ganninglei. Sun Quan wanted to take Jingzhou, and sent Lu Su to lead the troops to refuse Guan Yu to Yiyang. The two armies confronted each other for water, and Guan Yu went to Dadukou with a single knife.
During the Western Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Bashu refugees moved into Jingxiang, and the population of the county increased. In the first year of Ningkang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (373), Buddhism was introduced, and Zen master Huiyuan, the leader of the Southern Sect, built Qingxiu Temple and Baoquan Temple (renamed qixia temple in the Ming Dynasty) in Qingxiu Mountain and Huilongshan Mountain respectively. Taoism began to spread, and Taoists were stationed in Fuqiu Mountain for monasticism.
in the Tang dynasty, the county economy gradually recovered. During the "Zhenguan rule", the economy was prosperous, and the production of rice, hemp, tea and bamboo and wood was famous at home. Buddhism prevailed, and the court sent Wei Chijingde, a general, to build Longya Temple and Long 'an Temple in the county. The number of temples has grown to 24, with more than 1,611 Buddhists. Qingxiu Temple, Bailu Temple, Guangfa Temple and Xifeng Temple are the "four jungles" in Yiyang. Pei Xiu (later Prime Minister), our envoy in southern Jingnan, once gave lectures at Bailu Temple. Qi Ji, a monk from Yi, was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, with 822 poems handed down from generation to generation.
in the song dynasty, the porcelain kiln industry in yangwuling, zhubotang and stalagmite rose, and the county government became the main distribution center of bamboo and wood products in northwest Hunan. Cultural prosperity, the construction of Xuegong in the county, the creation of Nanxuan to lecture at Qingxiu Mountain, the master of Neo-Confucianism Zhu Xi, the prime minister Li Gang, the celebrity Su Shi, etc., or to lecture at the school and widely teach students; Or come to Qingxiu Temple, Bailu Temple and other places to explore the range and compose poems. In the Southern Song Dynasty, feudal oppression intensified, and a peasant uprising was held in Dongting Lake area headed by Zhong Xiang. In the third year of Jianyan (1129), the rebels conquered Yiyang County and killed Yuan Xian.
from the yuan dynasty to the first year (1264-1294), 12 small embankments, such as riverside, Youma and so on, were encircled, and dikes were built around the lake area. In Zhenyuan year (1295), Yiyang county had ten thousand households and was upgraded to a state. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there were years of wars and killings, floods, a sharp decline in the population of the state and a barren land.
in the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming dynasty (1368), Yiyang was reduced to a county. During the period from Hongwu to Yongle, 271 immigrants from Ji 'an, Jishui and other places in Jiangxi settled in the county, which was called "Hongwu left his job". In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the distribution of towns and administrative divisions were generally finalized, and the county was divided into 23 compartments. In the 31th year of Jiajing (1551), Liu Ji, a magistrate of a county, founded Longzhou Academy in Guitai Mountain on the south bank of the county, set up more than 21 social schools such as Lanxi, and expanded the old site of the county to build a city wall, and the county began to take shape. In the tenth year of Wanli (1582), Lanxi, Quanjiaohe and Cangshuipu developed into rural industrial and commercial fairs. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the county was hit by floods, droughts and epidemics, and the population decreased and the society declined.
in the Qing dynasty, the county's administrative area was about 3,181 square kilometers, and there were still 23 compartments. "Kanggan prosperous time", the imperial court rewarded farming, and the cultivated land expanded to more than 841,111 mu. Double cropping rice was planted in the lake area, and the rice yield increased rapidly. During the Jiaqing period, the county has become a "teething" and "densely populated" area, where rice, fish, pigs, bamboo and wood are more than self-sufficient. In normal years, rice is exported to 1.2-1.2 million stone. After Jiaqing, the Qing court was corrupt, the landlord class took the opportunity to annex land, the tenant farmers were extremely severely exploited, and the class and ethnic conflicts intensified.
In the 21th year of Qing Daoguang (1841), opium flowed in and society declined. In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), the Taiping Army conquered the county seat and renamed Yiyang County "Desheng County". After the "Red Scarf Army", "Red and Black Society" and "Geriatric Society", there were riots one after another, but they were all suppressed by the government.
in the third year of Xuantong in Qing dynasty (1911), the Revolution of 1911 was successful, the Qing dynasty was overthrown, and the county embraced * * * and the feudal monarchy of more than two thousand years ended.
in the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Yiyang branch of the Kuomintang was established, and the following year, it was dissolved by Tang yuming, the governor of Hunan province. After that, the warlords scuffled, and the county became a pulling zone, with unstable political situation and economic recession.
in June, 1924, Xia Xi, Ouyang Diyu, Ouyang Ze and other underground party member established the first rural branch of Hunan Province in Family Bank of Lanxi. In October, 1926, the local executive committee of Yiyang was established.
in the middle of the Republic of China, Yiyang section of Changsha-Changzhou-Dezhou highway and Yi-Yang-Yuan-Jiang simple highway were built successively. In 2119, the Hunan provincial government listed Yiyang as a first-class county.
On August 3rd, 1949, the 146th Division of the 49th Army of China People's Liberation Army was stationed in the county seat, and Yiyang was peacefully liberated. On August 8th, the Yiyang County Committee and the county people's government were established. After the founding of New China, the county abolished the administrative system of township and insurance, set up 12 districts and 315 townships, and established district and township people's governments.
in p>1958, the Great Leap Forward and the people's commune movement were launched, and 13 people's communes were established in the county.
in March of p>1968, the county revolutionary Committee was established.
in p>1979, county people's congresses and county CPPCC were established, revolutionary committees and people's communes at all levels were abolished, and county and township (town) people's governments were established.
in p>1994, with the transformation of Yiyang area into Yiyang city,