Gulangyu's successful application for the World Heritage-Basic information of Gulangyu
On July 8th, local time in Krakow, Poland, the 41th session of the World Heritage Committee deliberated and passed, and "Gulangyu Historical International Community" was successfully listed in the World Cultural Heritage List. After Gulangyu successfully applied for the World Heritage, the total number of world heritage sites in China reached 52. Let's take a look at Gulangyu Island!
Gulangyu Island is an area of 1. An island of 8839 square kilometers. Since the Song Dynasty, people have settled down. Zheng Chenggong, a national hero of the Ming Dynasty, began to station troops to train Gulangyu Island in 1646, sent troops from this base in 1661, and recovered Taiwan Province Island occupied by Dutch colonists for 38 years the following year. Gulangyu witnessed the tortuous course of China's modernization in the late Qing Dynasty under the impact of the early wave of globalization, and it is a model of multicultural exchange, collision and mutual learning in the early stage of globalization.
51 groups of representative historical buildings and gardens, 4 groups of historical roads, 7 representative natural landscapes and 2 representative cultural relics are isomorphic with more than 911 existing historical buildings on the island, forming Gulangyu's natural and organic spatial structure and rich urban historical landscape.
Gulangyu Cultural Heritage
Sunlight Rock Temple
Sunlight Rock Temple is located at the foot of Sunlight Rock, the commanding height of the whole island. It was founded in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and was originally named "Lotus Temple". It was rebuilt in the 14th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1586) and later renamed Sunlight Rock Temple. In 1936, Master Hongyi closed his retreat in the East Chamber of Riguangyan Temple. During this period, he compiled a number of Buddhist works, inscribed his retreat house as "Daylight Farewell House", and preached "The Main Idea of Pure Land" in the temple, which attracted a large number of believers.
Luzhuang Garden
In the first half of the 21th century, Lin Erjia, a rich gentleman who moved to Gulangyu Island in Taiwan Province, missed the hometown of Banqiao in Taipei. In 1913, he founded Luzhuang Yinshe and built Luzhuang Garden. It has a high achievement in gardening art, which not only uses the gardening techniques of traditional gardens in China, but also combines the styles of modern architecture and western gardening, creating a unique coastal modern literati garden. The Shuzhuang Garden, which hides the sea in the courtyard, vividly shows the beauty of oriental gardens. It is not only the most important private garden in Gulangyu Island, but also one of the most important modern gardens in Lingnan area of China.
Trinity Church
After 1927, with the increase of the congregation who settled in Gulangyu, the three churches, namely Xiamen Port Church, Xinjie Church and Zhushujiao Church, decided to jointly build a church in Gulangyu and named it "Trinity Church".
inscription on cliff of Sanhe Palace in Chongxing Gulangyu
The inscription on cliff of Sanhe Palace in Bijia Mountain was engraved in the 18th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1813). It was written by Wang Delu, the prefect of Fujian Navy, and recorded that Wang Delu renovated warships in front of Sanhe Palace, raised money to build Sanhe Palace and led his troops to Taiwan Province to encircle Cai Qian's rebel army. Cai Qian's uprising in Taiwan Province was an important event during Jiaqing period in Qing Dynasty. The Qing government mobilized heavy troops to suppress the uprising for several years, and the stone carving witnessed the important position of Gulangyu Island in the early foreign exchanges between Fujian and Taiwan.
Liao Jia Villa (former residence of Lin Yutang)
Entering Zhangzhou Road from the intersection where the former site of Xingxian Palace is located (today's Ma Yuehan Memorial Square), there is a small site in a deep lane north of the road. On its west and north sides, one building faces west and is built on a high platform foundation, and the other building faces south, which is called "Lirenzhai". These two buildings are Liao Jia Villa. Liao Cuifeng, the second young lady of Liao Yuefa, married Lin Yutang, a famous modern writer in China, in 1919, and the wedding room is in the building.
The former site of the American Consulate
In 1844, Americans set up an office in Gulangyu, near Qiupu, a foreigner, to perform consular functions. The former site of the American Consulate, Western-style houses and Western-style gardens are matched to form the "most exquisite consulate". The application of the three-stage vertical facade of the building, the triangular mountain flowers, the Corinthian column, and the rigorous FlemishBond, as a whole, present the classical revival architectural style popular in the United States at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 21 th century.
Gulangyu cuisine
Fried oyster
pineapple cake
Satay Noodles
Gulangyu fish balls
Gulangyu pie
How to keep this unique cultural heritage
Gulangyu is located in the Lujiang Strait at the mouth of the Jiulong River, which is 611 meters away from Xiamen city. Flowers bloom in the four seasons on the island, all kinds of buildings are patchwork, the coast twists and turns, and the sound of the piano in the deep lane fills the air. The reporter walked into Gulangyu Island, which has the reputation of "Sea Garden" and "Museum of World Architecture", and explored the story behind Gulangyu's successful application for the World Heritage.
the nine-year application for the World Heritage Road is only to keep the pure land of that culture.
The reporter first came to the "Gulangyu Historical and Cultural Exhibition Hall" located at No.16 Luqiao Road.
1953。 In the 9-square-meter exhibition hall, more than 611 historical pictures and nearly 111 physical objects of Zhang Zhengui clearly and vividly show the historical and cultural context and details of Gulangyu in the past century.
Gulangyu, how unique is it?
according to historical records, Xiamen was opened as a trading port in 1843. There has been an immigration tide of "millions of overseas Chinese going to Nanyang" in southern Fujian. In 1913, Gulangyu became a settlement for foreign nationals, and 13 countries including Britain, the United States and Japan successively set up foreign consulates in Gulangyu. Gulangyu witnessed the tortuous course of China's modernization in the late Qing Dynasty under the impact of the early wave of globalization. It is a model of multicultural exchange, collision and mutual learning in the early stage of globalization. It is a combination of local residents, multinational expatriates and overseas Chinese groups in southern Fujian, with outstanding cultural diversity and modern quality of life.
How can we keep such a unique Gulangyu Island?
on October 2, 2118, Xiamen decided to officially start Gulangyu's application for world cultural heritage.
On October 6th, 2112, National Cultural Heritage Administration announced that Gulangyu Island was officially listed in the Preparatory List of World Cultural Heritage in China.
on October 29th, 2116, approved by the State Council, the secretariat of China National Committee for UNESCO sent a letter to UNESCO World Heritage Center, recommending "Gulangyu Island in Fujian" as a cultural heritage project in 2117 ...
In the past nine years, Xiamen Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have made great efforts to promote the application of Gulangyu Island.
Xiamen has successively promulgated Regulations on the Protection of Gulangyu Cultural Heritage in Xiamen Special Economic Zone, Regulations on the Protection of Gulangyu Historic Buildings in Xiamen Special Economic Zone and Measures for the Administration of Gulangyu Scenic Area in Xiamen. The Gulangyu Heritage Application Office also took the lead in formulating the Gulangyu Cultural Heritage Site Protection and Management Plan, and further revised and improved the text.
"applying for heritage is not the purpose, but the fundamental thing is to repair, manage and protect it. By taking this opportunity, we hope to effectively protect precious historical heritage and cultural scenes, inherit the essence of Gulangyu's history and culture and the cultural diversity of the international community. This is our original intention. " Zhang Shunbin, deputy director of Gulangyu Management Committee, told reporters.
This road of applying for the World Heritage has gone a long way, and it has also gone a long way. Nearly nine years of hard work, just to keep that side of the pure land of culture.
Wu Yongqi, a scholar of Gulangyu history in Xiamen, pointed to historical materials and told reporters that since 2113, the Gulangyu Heritage Application Office has collected precious cultural relics by launching collection and visiting relevant people. And this is just a fragment on the long road to applying for the World Heritage.
The reporter learned that there are 21 groups of national key cultural relics protection units, 31 buildings with * * *, 15 provincial cultural relics protection units and 25 municipal cultural relics protection units in Gulangyu, and 391 buildings with historical features have been identified, including ***117 buildings with key protection features and 274 buildings with general protection features, and 54 buildings are being identified.
There are so many assets, so many cultural relics, different units, different departments and many houses (private villas) with private property rights, so the most difficult problem in the application process is how to coordinate them and make unified adjustments according to the plan.
In order to repair and restore the historical function, the staff of Gulangyu Management Committee and the street went door-to-door patiently and meticulously. During this period, 251 million square meters of illegal building covers were removed and 111 households were relocated, which further improved the environment.
At the same time, Gulangyu has also comprehensively improved the artistic and cultural atmosphere.
After nearly nine years of "applying for the World Heritage" and more than four years of systematic renovation, Gulangyu has clearly defined the development orientation of "cultural scenic spot+cultural community", optimized the means of protection, utilized the cultural heritage, upgraded the infrastructure, revised the environmental capacity, strengthened supervision and management, and the social awareness has been recognized.
In October, 2116, experts from the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee came to Gulangyu for on-the-spot investigation and evaluation, and highly praised Gulangyu's preparations for applying for the World Heritage.
Continue the pluralistic governance and make the international community live in harmony with the scenic spots. * * *
"Gulangyu Island is an international community in history. Through this application, it has further improved the infrastructure such as public facilities, public water supply and road sewage, and at the same time, it has further improved the community pension and community service around the affordable supermarket. Since last year, a lot of money has been invested in electricity, and three main roads have been transformed with only one purpose, that is, to ensure the improvement of residents' quality of life. " Zhang Shunbin said.
"How to make the international community and scenic spots live in harmony effectively?" Zhang Shunbin said: First, the good tradition of plural governance in Gulangyu Island should be continued, and residents' interactive spaces such as "community meeting rooms" should be opened to further stimulate their feelings of loving Gulangyu Island. The second is to deepen community autonomy. The Gulangyu Public Council was established, a "workshop" for block renovation was set up, "Love Island Convention" and a series of civilized conventions were issued, "Clean Home Action" and "Flower Sea Action" were launched, Gulangyu renovation and promotion supervisors were hired, a team of 351 cultural volunteers was set up, and voluntary explanations and civilized tourism persuasion activities were carried out every week.
In order to reduce the excessive commercial atmosphere, Gulangyu Management Committee also issued the Guidelines for Controlling the Commercial Format of Longtou Road and Fuzhou Road in Gulangyu, studied and formulated the Measures for Promoting the Commercial Format of Gulangyu, and comprehensively started the occupation of roads, door-opening operations, courtyard operations and the rectification of prohibited formats. In four batches, the actions to control the cooking fume of Longtou Road and Fuzhou Road in the core commercial street were carried out, and 24 illegal business units were seized and detained, and 19 cases were filed. Carry out rectification work on the civilized construction of the whole island, set up warning signs, sprinkle water to reduce dust, regulate the scope of the block, reduce noise, and minimize the interference to residents' lives and tourists' visits. A three-month ad shop was launched to recruit special rectification, which dealt with illegal outdoor advertisements and disorderly hanging of external walls.
in order to scientifically verify the capacity of scenic spots, in October 2114, Xiamen started to implement the Gulangyu route adjustment and tourist flow control scheme, and made it clear that the daily maximum carrying capacity of Gulangyu scenic spot was 6. 51,111 person-times, and separate tourist routes from citizens' routes. In June this year, the maximum daily carrying capacity of Gulangyu Scenic Area was adjusted to 51,111 person-times, and a series of measures were launched to optimize tourist services, enrich tour routes, and encourage off-peak travel, and the order of scenic spots was significantly improved.
It is worth mentioning that Gulangyu has also realized the electronization of tickets for state-owned core scenic spots; Realize 53 core elements of the application for World Heritage (including the site of Ministry of Industry, American Consulate, Sungwan Temple, Zhongde Palace, the former site of Yanping Theater, Bagua Building, Xinzhuang Garden, Fanpo Building, etc.), voice guide service, free AR map, 721-degree panoramic photos and aerial photos of the whole island; The voice guide function of WeChat WeChat official account in the tourist area management office is launched, which realizes the all-round introduction of "audio+text+photos", and visitors can enjoy the collections of piano museum and organ museum anytime and anywhere; Increase the full coverage of wireless WIFI in six major areas, namely, three major docks, Sunlight Rock, Xinzhuang Garden and Guanhai Garden, so as to realize tourists' intelligent travel experience in scenic spots. ;