a series of working processes that change the shape, size or physical properties of raw materials through various processing equipment and process raw materials into products that meet technical requirements are called technological processes. In order to ensure the smooth and efficient production process, enterprises must establish the corresponding optimization mechanism of production process and master the necessary methods and tools. Technological process is the basic part of the production process, and the composition of furniture production technological process is divided into several sections according to the processing characteristics or processing purposes. According to the actual production situation of custom-made furniture in Yatai Hotel, the operating guidelines of production process are as follows:

1. Solid wood woodworking production process

1, cutting

1). The moisture content of wood, which has not been dried, is generally above 51%, and the moisture content of wood used for furniture production should be controlled at around 8%-11%, so it is not easy for wood to crack and deform after drying.

2). Material preparation: Wood products can be divided into three types according to their parts: exterior materials, interior materials and dark materials. The wood is divided into straight lines and mountain lines, and the colors are consistent. The width of material preparation should be reasonably allowed according to the required width. When selecting materials, the parts with internal cracks, end cracks, knots, blue changes and rotten wood should be removed.

3). Cutting, trimming the length of the wool board, and lengthening the blanking by 21mm according to the required length.

4). Rough planing, namely, fixing the thickness of the wool board, and planing off the unusable burrs on the wool board.

5). Splicing, glue ratio: curing agent (11-15g) and splicing glue (111g), each time about 511g of glue is mixed, and glue is evenly spread between the wood, and the wood is tightly assembled with splicing clamps. After standing for 4 hours, the splicing clamps can only be disassembled when the glue is solidified. Pay attention to the height difference, length difference, color difference, knots and so on when splicing.

6). Sawing to set the width, and using a longitudinal saw to set the width of the wood.

7). Press planing. After splicing, the wood surface should be planed without excess glue, and then press-molded according to the required shape.

2. Machining

1). Milling. By using vertical milling, table gong machine, flower groove machine, small gong machine and other machines, the workpiece is milled into various external shapes by selecting different tools and dies to meet the assembly requirements for appearance. The processed shape and size should conform to the drawings, and the machining accuracy must be guaranteed. The surface of the parts should be smooth, flat, natural in transition and smooth and consistent in line shape, and no stubble collapse, burr, knife jumping and black or obvious wavy machining marks are allowed.

2). Drilling. Drill holes according to the process requirements of the drawings, so that there is no crack and burr during the processing, and the processing error of the hole position shall not exceed 1.2 mm. The first product can be processed in batches only after it is drilled and often installed, so as to ensure the processing quality of parts.

3). Fine cutting, giving the wool a fixed length, ensuring no stubble collapse and blackening during processing. The processing error of length and width is less than 1.2mm, the diagonal below 1 m is less than or equal to ≤1.5mm, and the diagonal of plates above 1 m should be less than or equal to 1 mm..

4). tenon. According to the requirements of different products, different tools are selected for processing, wood with the same thickness is placed on the platform of the machine, the good side is used as the surface, and after the wood is clamped, the pneumatic switch is pressed, and after the wood is clamped, it is pushed forward at a constant speed, and then it is pulled back to the top, the pneumatic switch is released, the wood is taken out, and the second operation is carried out. If the parts need to be tenoned at both ends, the gear bar is put down after one end is cut, and the cut end is pressed against the gear plate and gear bar. Handle with care during the operation, put the processed workpiece on a special pad and put it in order in layers.

5). Grooving. Check whether the surfaces of molds and templates are scratched or bumped, determine the specific positions of the grooves to be opened in the parts according to the requirements of the drawings, and know the length, width and depth of the grooves. Before starting processing, use the leftover materials to test the machine to check whether the groove edge, groove depth and groove length meet the requirements, and then mass production can be carried out. The grooves to be opened should be in a straight line and perpendicular to the side and surface (except for special-shaped parts), and the groove width and groove depth are allowed to be positive.

6). Sanding the parts. After the mechanical processing is completed, the fine abrasive belt is loaded with an abrasive belt machine for sanding, and each feeding is 1.1mm；; Finished products with good sanding should be smooth, free of sand marks and consistent in edges and corners.

Second, the production process of board woodworking

1. Sticking wood veneer. The veneer gluing process in our factory is processed by the supplier, and the veneer returned to the factory is put into storage after passing the inspection according to our standards, and the production department receives it according to the type and quantity of veneer used in the order.

2. Glue pressing.

1). The pressure and time of cold pressing should be determined according to different plates, glues and climates. Generally, the working pressure is 4-6 tons, and the time in cold weather (below 15 degrees) should not be less than 4 hours, and the time in hot weather (above 15 degrees) should not be less than 2 hours.

2). It is advisable that the white latex should not leak coating or flow glue. After gluing, the plates must be firmly glued, and degumming is not allowed. The planking plate must be aligned with the adjacent sides of the skeleton, and the allowable deviation of the upper and lower plates is ≤ 3 mm;

3). Slotting and drilling are not allowed in the parts that need to be inflated, and the nails are not allowed to be higher than the board surface, and there can be no bending, deformation, scratches, rotten wood skins, stains and excess glue.

3, cutting.

1). press the plate against the pusher, align the edge of the plate, first saw the edge of the plate straight once, and saw off the veneer with a width of 5mm;

2). Adjust the machine according to the quantity and size of the bill of materials. The thickness of the sheet material on the machine at one time should not exceed 8cm. After opening, mark the parts, names and quantities, and put them in the designated position.

3). The difference between the lengths of two diagonal lines is less than 2mm, and the tolerance of length, width and dimension is 1 mm; The difference between two diagonal lengths is less than 1mm, and the tolerance of length and width is ±1.5mm；;

4, solid wood edge sealing. Prepare the finished board and edge-sealing wood, process concave tenons and grooves on the side of the board, and process convex tenons and grooves on the side of the solid wood, evenly glue it, then clamp it with a fixture, remove the fixture after the glue solidifies, and remove the glue on the furniture. You can also make the edging strip into a small wooden square tenon spring, process tenons and grooves on the wood and plate, embed the wood strip in the slab with adhesive, and then carry out edge milling decoration and flat sanding after the glue is dried and solidified. The edge sealing of solid wood should use the same or similar tree species as the veneer of the board, and the color and texture should match to ensure that it can be integrated with the board surface after edge sealing.

5, veneer edge sealing. Adjust the machine according to the size and thickness of the parts. After adjusting the machine, try to seal two pieces to meet the requirements before batch operation. The cladding board and the veneer shall be firmly combined and sealed, and the surface shall be smooth, clean and free of glue marks, and there shall be no cracks. The sealed corners shall be smooth, and there shall be no broken edges or damaged parts to ensure the accuracy of size and shape.

6. Fine sand. Use 121# abrasive belt to grind the surface materials of the plate to make the surface of the plate smooth and smooth, so as to improve the finish.

third, product assembly process

1, solid wood. Prepare all the components to be assembled according to the list, check the dimensions and quality according to the drawings, and see that there are no cracks, burrs and blackening. After the first piece is assembled, check it according to the drawings and process requirements. When there is no error, start batch assembly. During the assembly process, the glue should be painted evenly. The assembled product has no nail leakage, and the combination is tight. The glue should be wiped clean.

2. plate type. Clean up each component, assemble the independent drawers, clothes racks and other internal components for later use, and lock all the corresponding connecting screws. After the cabinet body is installed, connect and lock the cabinet side plates, partitions, backboards, doors, bases and installed internal components with the cabinet body.

3. The pure plate products are shipped in the form of disassembly. Complete the trial assembly according to the above steps and check that there are no quality problems. After dismantling, they will be handed over to the polishing process. The plate and wood products will be shipped as a whole. The assembly procedure refers to the practice of solid wood products.

iv. product painting process

1. color wiping. After mixing the color-wiping agent, the paint mixer shall try to wipe it first, and confirm that the mixing is correct and appropriate (subject to the color swatch, adjust it appropriately) before handing it over to the production supervisor. Before work, stir the coloring agent evenly without sediment, clean the brush and wipe it with a cloth that does not fade. Brush the product evenly with a brush, and there can be no white leakage. Then use a cloth strip to wipe the color remover clean quickly. Check whether the product has any residual coloring agent that is not cleaned, sagging, uneven coloring, etc.

2, hand grinding. Polishing is divided into two parts: wood grinding and oil grinding. First, the assembled products are filled with all scratches, and then the burrs of the products are polished with sandpaper, and then the primer is sprayed. After the primer is sprayed and dried, the burrs generated on the painted products are smoothed with sandpaper, polished smoothly, and then the primer is sprayed, and then the topcoat is delivered after repeated times.

3, mechanical polishing. In order to improve work efficiency, mechanical polishing is used for parts with large area of plate products. Some board surfaces have been processed by the supplier before woodworking production, so there is no need to polish them again. Check that there is no quality problem and directly hand over the surface oil process.

4. Spray primer. Before spraying, you need to blow clean the dust to check the color wiping effect and quality. The first primer concentration is 16 seconds, the second primer concentration is 18 seconds, the third primer concentration is 16 seconds, and the thickness is a cross. The natural drying time after each spraying is 6-8 hours.

5. color modification. Check whether the product is good or not before color modification, and the dust and pollutants on the product need to be cleaned up. The color is mixed by the paint mixer, and then a prenatal sample is repaired according to the color swatch, and the on-site supervisor can determine the color before operation.

6. After oil grinding and color modification, the product will be naturally dried for 4-6 hours, and then the surface of the product will be polished with 811# sandpaper, and attention should be paid during the polishing process to prevent leakage and color paint scratching.

7. Top coat. Before painting, it is necessary to check whether the product is good, whether the surface of the product is smooth, and the dust and attachments on the surface must be cleaned up. The concentration of topcoat is 11-12 seconds, and the thickness is a cross.

8. The spraying times of furniture primer and topcoat will be different due to the process and customer requirements, and the specific situation will be operated according to the construction requirements of this batch. The spraying times of open paint, semi-closed paint and fully closed paint are basically kept between three bottoms and two sides to five bottoms and three sides.

5. Process flow of soft package production

1. Nailing wooden frame. The fully flexible bedstead is made of plywood, and the fully flexible sofa frame can be nailed with miscellaneous wood. The moisture content of the wood should be controlled within 1.2%-1.8%, and there should be no live insects or termites in the wood. The selected wood has appropriate hardness, and there is no special requirement for pattern and color. After the sofa frame is nailed, cover it with plywood on the wood square with gaps to prevent the sponge and other materials from collapsing when pressed. Parts that need to be painted, such as bedsteads, sofa handrails or sofa feet, shall be processed by the woodworking department according to the materials and colors of this batch of products, polished and painted, and then handed over to the soft packaging process.

2. Priming. After the nailed wooden frame has passed the inspection, the two ends of the spring are fixed on the sofa cushion and placed with horse nails. The performance of the spring steel is not lower than 65Mn or 71th steel, and then a cloth belt is nailed on the spring. The chair products do not need to nail the spring, and the cloth belt is nailed into a tight Tian Zige with a cloth width of 51-71mm and appropriate elasticity. Finally, a layer of base cloth is covered on the sofa underframe.

3. molding. Make templates according to different shapes of software products, cut the sponge according to the required size or template, and stick it on the chassis with a little glue spray. Fabric (cloth, leather or genuine leather, etc.) is cut according to the required size or template, and then sewn by sewing station into jacket cushion, etc., and then the sewn fabric is sewn on the sofa frame with sponge attached.

VI. Packaging production process

1. Inspection. Visual inspection: check whether the overall color matching of the product is consistent, and observe whether the paint surface of the product is flat under natural light, whether there is sagging, uneven spraying, orange peel, missed spraying, foggy white and other phenomena. Touch by hand: Touch the paint surface by hand to check whether the surface is smooth and whether there are particles. Feel the texture and feel of the paint by hand, and repair the slight defects on the surface of the product. 2. Accessories. The drawer guide rail is installed, and the hardware, such as handle disassembly parts, is specially packaged into small bags to ensure that it is fixed inside the product with adhesive tape without damaging any part of the product. Large pieces of stainless steel hardware can be packaged separately, and the number of boxes can be marked on the packaging box.

3. The packaging, bottom plate, laminate and other parts should be padded with pearl cotton or foamed rubber, so as to ensure that it will not loosen during transportation, which will scratch the product and wear out the painted parts. Where the corners of finished furniture are easy to bump, wrap them with pearl cotton, protective strips and corner protectors before putting them in the packing box. VII. Flowchart of Production Process