Song-Liao War generally refers to a series of long-term wars between Song and Liao from the Northern Expedition in 979 AD to the single-source alliance in 1004 AD, with territorial disputes in Yanyun as the main content. In the end, Song and Liao became brother countries, ending the 25-year Song and Liao War.
One hundred years later, the Jin Dynasty was established, and Song Huizong and Jin Taizu formed a maritime alliance. 1 122 years, Tong Guan, Zhongshidao and Liu Yanqing were sent to join forces with the rulers to attack Nanjing, the Liao country, but failed.
During the reign of Taihe in the Qing Dynasty at the end of the Five Dynasties, Lu Ye Deguang, the Emperor of Liao (Qidan), supported Shi Jingtang to attack and destroy the later Tang Dynasty, and was called the Emperor of the Later Jin Dynasty. He seized the land of sixteen states in Youyun (now Beijing to Datong, Shanxi) from the Jin Shi Dynasty and used it as a base to plunder the Central Plains.
At the beginning of Zhou Jianguo, Liao supported the Northern Han regime to separate Hedong (governing Taiyuan Prefecture, now Jinyuan Town, southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) as a vassal and took refuge. In the seventh year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty (Liao should have lasted for ten years, 960 years), he became emperor on behalf of Zhou Dynasty, and Liao continued to support the Northern Han Dynasty to compete with Song Dynasty.
At that time, there were independent regimes in the south, such as wuyue, Nantang, Jingnan, Nanhan and Houshu. In order to achieve reunification, in the process of implementing the general plan of marching from south to north, Zhao Kuangyin once sought opportunities to divide his troops to capture the Northern Han Dynasty, trying to eradicate Liao vassals and recover Yanyun, but every attack was blocked by Liao reinforcements and failed.
In the second year of Gande (964), Song attacked Liaozhou in the Northern Han Dynasty (governing Liaoshan Mountain, now Zuo Quan, Shanxi), and Liao sent Tare to lead the troops with 60,000 aid. This was the first large-scale battle between Song and Liao. From the first year of Kaibao (968) to the second year, Song attacked the Northern Han Dynasty again, surrounded Taiyuan, and Liao sent troops to help the Northern Han Dynasty, which was repelled by Song Jun. Until the end of Kaibao, it not only failed to eliminate the Northern Han Dynasty, but also caused contradictions between Song and Liao, which became deeper and deeper.
After Song Taizong and Zhao Guangyi succeeded to the throne, the overall situation of southern reunification was decided, so they led troops to attack the Northern Han Dynasty in the fourth year of Taiping and the fourth year of Xingguo (979). First defeat Liao reinforcements, then defeat Taiyuan, and eliminate the Northern Han Dynasty, which created conditions for helping Yanyun in the same boat.
Since then, the Song-Liao War has been going on for more than 25 years. However, Liao attacked for two consecutive years (999) by taking advantage of the new way of governing the country of Zhenzong. Emperor Shengzong of Liao led troops to attack Baozhou (now Baoding, Hebei Province) and Wei Lu, and turned to attack Ningbian Army (now Xinxian County, Hebei Province), Zhaozhou (now Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province) and other places as far away as Xingzhou (now Xingtai, Hebei Province) and Yanzhou.
In the first month of the third year of Xianping, Song Jun was defeated in the southwest of Yingzhou, so he crossed the river from Dezhou and Dizhou (now Huimin South, Shandong Province) and swept Zizhou (now Zichuan, Zibo, Shandong Province) and Jizhou (now Jinan, Shandong Province). In the winter of the fourth year of Xianping, the Liao army attacked the mouth of the Great Wall and was defeated by Song Jun, losing 20,000 people.
In the fifth year of Xianping, he attacked Jing Rongjun (now Xu Shui, Hebei Province) and Baozhou and returned home in triumph. In the sixth year of Xianping, Wang Du was attacked, Fu Song was captured and Wang Jizhong was ordered to destroy.