1, grain
In the two-week diet structure, food occupies a major position. In addition to common millet and millet, the cultivation of wheat (including barley and wheat), hemp, glutinous rice and rice is becoming more and more common. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the status of Zizania latifolia was improved, and "millet" was replaced by "Zizania latifolia". In addition, there are water chestnuts, red beans, barley and so on.
Step 2: vegetables
Vegetables are cultivated crops with natural elimination and artificial cultivation of wild species. In the two-week period, the vegetable planting industry has been quite developed, and there are more than 20 varieties recorded in the literature, including sunflower, epimedium, onion, asparagus, melon, glutinous rice, fennel, ginger, bamboo shoots, cattail, celery, lotus root, Zizania latifolia, water chestnut, glutinous rice and so on. Are all cultivated. In addition, wild or possibly wild vegetables include Polygonum cuspidatum, Osmunda japonica, algae, fern, shepherd's purse, viola, tea, Polygonum cuspidatum, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Acorus calamus and so on.
Step 3: fruit
The two-week period can be defined as peach, plum, jujube, thorn, pear, linden, chestnut, hazelnut, plum, orange and grapefruit. In addition, there are Mulberry, Gan Tang, Du, Shatang, Jade and Qi, most of which are wild.
4. Meat
The main breeds of livestock and poultry in later generations were already available at that time. The main ones are pigs, cows, sheep, dogs, chickens, ducks, geese and pigeons.
5. Aquatic products
With the improvement of fishing tools, the beginning of artificial fish farming and the development of offshore fishing, the output and species of fish have increased. The Book of Songs alone records that as many as 18 species of fish mainly live in the Yellow River basin. Jiayu, bream, fish and carp became precious delicacies at that time. In addition to fish, aquatic animals such as turtles, turtles, clams and clams are also foods that people often catch for a long time.
6. Competition
From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period, hunting was still one of the ways for people to supplement animal food. At that time, hunting was usually carried out in the slack season and combined with military exercises. The Book of Songs records that the common wild animals at that time were elephants, tigers, leopards, wolves, bears, deer, foxes, rabbits and rabbits. There are also many wild birds. From the late Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, with the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, the importance of hunting in food sources decreased. However, due to the warm climate in Chu, the species and quantity of wild animals are far more than those in the north, and prey still accounts for a large proportion in the diet. The prey of Chu State are rhinoceros, deer, bear, tiger, leopard, rabbit, orangutan, yak, elephant, snipe, pheasant, owl and so on.
The above foods are mainly vegetarian, supplemented by meat. This diet is the same for the rich and the poor. It's just that the proportion of rich families eating meat is higher than that of ordinary families.
As early as the Shang Dynasty, it was very common to regularly quantify food consumption. This custom was still followed by the lower class during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Until the end of the Warring States period, the lower classes still followed the custom of having two meals a day, and generally practiced more breakfast and less dinner to adapt to the labor system of "cooking at sunrise and resting at sunset". But there are also breakfasts and dinners with the same amount of food.
Parallel to the two meals a day of the lower class is the three meals a day system of the upper class and the middle class. That is, in addition to two meals, one night meal is added. The Yellow Emperor recorded the 16-hour system in the Warring States Period in the Su language, including "eating early" and "eating early" and "eating late", that is, eating at night. Probably at the end of the Warring States period, the system of three meals a day has been widely recognized by the society.
The biggest difference between nobles and civilians in diet lies in catering etiquette. The etiquette of nobles at the dinner table can be described as extremely complicated, and there are differences on different occasions and in the face of different people.
In addition, for the stories of Confucius and his disciples, you can read The Analects of Justice, Annotations on the Analects of Confucius, Other Explanations on the Analects of Confucius and other books. Confucius' deeds and stories will be inserted into many notes.
The food listed above is incomplete, so many words can't be typed. Just make do with it.