From the simple forms of early prestressed crane beams and strut beams to modern structures such as truss string, dome string, cable bent roof, cable membrane structure and glass curtain wall, prestressed steel structures are diverse and novel, which can be roughly summarized into four categories.
One is the traditional structure. On the traditional steel structure system, prestress is applied to the cable system to improve the stress state and reduce the dead weight and cost. Such as prestressed truss, grid structure, reticulated shell, etc. Such as Tianjin Ninghe Gymnasium, Panzhihua Gymnasium and Beijing Olympic Badminton Hall. At present, the three-dimensional truss string structure widely used in terminal buildings and convention centers at home and abroad also belongs to this category.
The other is the cable structure that has been used for a long time in engineering, such as Beijing Workers Gymnasium and Zhejiang People's Gymnasium. Its structure consists of two groups of cable systems: load-bearing cable and stabilizing cable. The purpose of prestress is not to reduce and adjust internal force, but to give and ensure structural stiffness. The second is the suspension structure. The structure consists of vertical support system (column, portal frame, arch frame, etc.). ), sling and roof. The supporting system is higher than the roof, which is suspended by steel cables at its top. Prestress the slings to adjust the internal force of the roof, reduce the deflection and form the elastic fulcrum of the roof structure. Because the supporting system and sling are exposed to the atmosphere and point to the blue sky, it is also called exposed structure. For example, Jiangxi Gymnasium, Beijing Chaoyang Gymnasium, Hangzhou Huanglong Stadium and Changchun Stadium.
The third type is the integral stretching type. It belongs to an innovative structural system. The span structure abandons the traditional flexural members, and is composed of Zhang Suo system, membrane surface and compression bar. Its roof structure is extremely light and its design concept is novel. It is the leader of advanced structural systems, such as the main Olympic stadiums in Seoul and Atlanta, the Munich Olympic Stadium Complex and the Iqbal Dome Sports Center in Erdos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
The fourth is the tension metal film type. The metal diaphragm is fixed on the edge member, which can be used as both a retaining structure and a load-bearing structure to bear the load as a whole. Or in tension, the diaphragm is fixed on the skeleton structure to form a spatial block structure covering the span, both of which are new prestressed systems born under the guidance of structural forming theory. This type has been used in several major venues of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games, but this kind of structural system has not been built in China.
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