The Modern History of Sichuan _ _ A Brief History of the Republic of China

In October, 1911, Wuchang took the first place, the Revolution of 1911 broke out, and all parts of the country declared independence one after another.

in October, 1911, the military government of Shu army was established in Chongqing, with Zhang Peijue as the viceroy and Xia Zhishi as the deputy viceroy. Chengdu established the Dahan Sichuan Military Government, with Pu Dianjun as the viceroy and Zhu Qinglan as the deputy viceroy.

in October, 1912, the Republic of China was founded.

in February, 1912, Sichuan established the "DuDu Military Government" in Chengdu. Yin Changheng was appointed viceroy, and Zhang Peijue was deputy viceroy.

in March, 1912, Fengjie continued to set up Kuiguan, and Xu Kan succeeded Lu Zuofu as Kuiguan supervisor.

In April of p>1912, Zhenfu House was established in Chongqing, and Xia Zhishi was appointed as the chief of Zhenfu House. ?

in July, 1912, the army and the people were divided. Hu Jingyi was appointed as the chief of nursing in Sichuan, and Zhang Peijue, the deputy chief of nursing, was renamed as the chief of civil affairs. ?

in August, 1912, Chongqing Zhenfu House was abolished.

In October, 1913, Ba County newly established Chongqing Customs, with Mao Yulin as its supervisor.

In February, 1913, Zhao Yide was appointed as the observer of East Sichuan Road in Ba County, Chen Tingjie as the observer of West Sichuan Road in Chengdu, Liang Zhenglin as the observer of South Sichuan Road in Ya 'an, Pei Gang as the observer of South Sichuan Road in Yibin and Yang Xiang as the observer of North Sichuan Road in Langzhong. (Biandong and Bianxi roads were laid off in the third year of the Republic of China, and the land entered the Chuanbian Special Zone)

In April of p>1913, Yan Xiqing took over as the supervisor of Chongqing Customs.

in September, 1913, Chen tingjie acted as the civil affairs minister of Sichuan. A new Chongqing garrison ambassador was established, with Zhou Jun as the head.

in October, 1913, Liu Cunhou was appointed as the ambassador of Chongqing, and Zhu Yinghuang was appointed as the supervisor of Fengjie Kuiguan.

In October, 1913, Ni Huankui took over as the observer of Sichuan Road in Chengdu.

in p>1914, the "viceroy" in Sichuan was renamed as "general" and "minister of civil affairs" as "patrol ambassador". East Sichuan Road in Ba County was changed to East Sichuan Road in Ba County, West Sichuan Road in Chengdu was changed to Duxichuan Road, South Sichuan Road in Ya 'an was changed to Jianchang Road in Ya 'an, South Sichuan Road in Yibin was changed to Yongning Road in Luxian County, and North Sichuan Road in Langzhong was changed to Jialing Road in Langzhong. Each "observer" was renamed as "Dao Yin". Luxian added Sichuan Salt Audit Branch.

At this point, the Sichuan military government has initially completed the military, political and economic organizational system of the whole province:

[ militarily]: Chengdu has a general (later renamed as the overseer) and Chongqing has a garrison commander.

[ Administratively]: Chengdu has a patrol ambassador (later renamed as the governor), which consists of Chengdu Xichuan Daoyin, Baxian Dongchuan Daoyin, Yaan Jianchang Daoyin, Luxian Yongning Daoyin and Langzhong Jialing Daoyin. (Note: In the Republic of China, the Sichuan warlord's defense zone was divided, and the "Tao" existed in name only, which was equivalent to abolition. )

[ Economically]: Fengjie set up Kuiguan Supervision, Baxian set up Chongqing Customs Supervision, Luxian set up Sichuan Salt Audit Branch (later moved to Ziliujing).

in p>1915, Cai E, a warlord in Yunnan, went north to occupy Chengdu, Sichuan, and added "Chengdu Pass, Ya 'an Pass and Ningyuan Pass" to rob Sichuan of financial resources.

in June, 1916, Cai E took office as Sichuan general and patrol ambassador in Chengdu, monopolizing the military and political power of Sichuan.

in July, 1916, the general was renamed as the overseer and the patrol ambassador as the governor. Cai E, a warlord in Yunnan, became the first governor in Sichuan history. ?

in August, 1916, Xiong Kewu took over as the Chongqing garrison ambassador and began to step onto the historical stage of Sichuan.

in October, 1916, Cai E died of illness.

In p>1917, the local warlords in Sichuan launched a war to expel the Yunnan army. In the name of protecting the law, Tang Jiyao, a warlord in Yunnan, set up the "Yunnan-Guizhou-Jingguo Coalition" to invade Sichuan again. Sichuan army Xiong Kewu, Dan Maoxin and Shi Qingyang defected to join the Yungui-Jingguo Coalition.

in p>1918, Yunnan-Guizhou warlords occupied Sichuan. Xiong Kewu was appointed as "Sichuan overseer and governor" in Chengdu, and Wang Wenhua was appointed as "Chongqing garrison ambassador in Ba county", Ye Quan as "Kuiwan garrison ambassador in Fengjie" and Gu Pinzhen as "Xulu garrison ambassador in Yibin". Keep "Fengjie Kuiguan, Chengdu Pass and Chongqing Pass" and abolish "Ya 'an Pass and Ningyuan Pass".

Xiong Kewu ordered the host and guest armies to implement the "defense zone system", and allocated funds on the spot according to the defense zones to pay for their troops. At this point, garrisons from all over the country began to control the financial power of the counties under their respective "defense zones", and appointed officials of all sizes to direct the administration, justice, civil affairs, education, etc. in the "defense zones", becoming vassals of the separatist party, marking the final formation of "Sichuan warlords" in modern times!

In p>1921, the "Battle of Jingchuan" broke out in Sichuan, and the warlords of Yunnan and Guizhou withdrew from Sichuan, and Liu Cunhou became the overseer in Chengdu. In February of the same year, the Beijing government of the Republic of China appointed Xiong Kewu as the governor of Sichuan, Liu Xiang as the bodyguard of Chongqing (a province with overseers, with the same post as the garrison ambassador), and the other nine garrison ambassadors of Sichuan:

Yang, the garrison ambassador of Luyong in Luxian County? Sen

Deng Xihou, the commander of Shunsui in Nanchong

Chen Hongfan, the commander of Jiaxu in Leshan?

Liu Chengxun, the garrison commander of Jianchang in Ya 'an?

Chen nengfang, the Kuikai garrison commander in Fengjie

Chen Guodong, the Hechuan garrison commander in Hechuan?

but what's the ambassador of suiding in daxian county?

Qiu Huayu, the guard of Zhong Wan in Zhongxian County

Yu Jitang, the guard of You Yang's Youxiu?

the warlords of all walks of life divided Sichuan according to the "defense zone system". At this point, in modern history, several major warlords in Sichuan began to step onto the historical stage in the late Republic of China.

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In 1891, Chongqing was forced to open a port for trade by British colonists. Deng Mingchen, a famous industrialist in modern China (also known as Deng Huiji, born in fengjie county, Kuizhou, Sichuan Province in the late Qing Dynasty, and the great-grandfather of economist Wu Jinglian), moved the match factory operated in Japan back to China, and founded the first modern factory in southwest China in Daxigou, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, with more than 11,111 people in its heyday! Being the pioneer of Sichuan national capital enterprises is the first pioneer of Chongqing towards modern industrial civilization. Deng Mingchen has thus become the first national capitalist and the richest man in the history of industrial civilization in Sichuan! He was honored as "the father of modern Sichuan national industry".

After the opening of ports, the economies of Chongqing and every cloud has a silver lining have developed rapidly, replacing the traditional position of Fengjie Kuifu in Sichuan. Before the warlords in Sichuan scuffled and the defense zones were divided in 1917, Chongqing began to compete with Chengdu in economy and politics for more than 21 years.

according to the official Sichuan Gazette in March, 1916, according to the statistics of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of China that year, only 38 banks (banks) in Sichuan were officially registered by the state. Among them, there are 16 in Chengdu and 15 in Baxian! Others: Huayang, Fengjie, Ya 'an, Yibin, Luxian, Ziliujing, and Arrow Furnace.

From this, the era of "Chengdu and Chongqing" began to emerge in Sichuan, and it has been today.