1, the simplest structure of the following organisms is ()
A, bacteria B, plants C, animals D, hepatitis virus
2. The structure that can decompose intracellular organic matter and release energy is ()
A, cell membrane B, nucleus C, mitochondria D, chloroplast
3. The attitude we should not have in the face of drugs is ()
A, resolutely refuse, never contaminated. B. report people who take drugs around them.
C, fresh, curious to try D, actively participate in anti-drug publicity activities.
Some living animals still keep almost the same shape as one million years ago. What is the best explanation for this phenomenon? ( )
These animals are always changing. B, the living environment of these animals has not changed much.
C, these animals use sexual reproduction to reproduce D, these animals have evolved into simple creatures.
5. Take medicine at home by yourself. What must be considered for safety? ( )
① The manufacturer and date, expiration date and approval number of the drug ② Is the drug recommended by advertisement?
③ Functional dose, adverse reactions, contraindications, etc. Is this medicine a prescription drug or an over-the-counter drug?
a、①②③ B、①②④ C、②③④ D、①③④
6, the correct relationship between chromosomes and genes is ()
A, many genes are arranged on chromosomes. B, many chromosomes are arranged on genes.
C. gene is another name for chromosome. D. chromosomes are called genes when they are in the nucleus.
During the holiday, Xiaoming found many spots on the rocks in his hometown in the countryside. These spots are big and small, just like the patterns of rocks. He is not sure what these spots are. Are they creatures? Can you find a way to help him judge? ( )
First, they are not creatures, because they can't move. B, biology, because it can grow and reproduce.
C, it is not a living thing, because it is like dirt. D, it's a living thing, because nothing grows on a stone.
8. Which of the following is not a measure to improve plant photosynthesis and increase crop yield? ( )
A. increase lighting time and use related lighting facilities. B. increase the content of carbon dioxide in farmland and transport carbon dioxide to farmland.
C. Reasonable irrigation to ensure the water needed for plant growth. D. plant as close as possible to make plants make full use of sunlight.
9. Sailors who used to sail were prone to scurvy because it was not easy to get fresh fruits and vegetables on a long voyage, and fresh fruits and vegetables were rich in ().
A, vitamin A B, vitamin B C, vitamin C D, vitamin D.
10, when the human body inhales, the respiratory muscles contract and the chest moves upward and outward. If the human body inhales as much as possible, the diaphragm will contract, making the diaphragm top fall, and the result is ().
A, lung air pressure decreases, and external gas enters the lungs; B, the air pressure in the lung rises, and external air enters the lung.
C, the air pressure in the lung is reduced, and the outside air is discharged from the lung; D, the air pressure in the lungs rises, and the outside air is discharged from the lungs.
1 1, the following statement about systemic circulation is correct ()
A, it is the circulation way to transport blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
B, oxygen and nutrients are delivered to all parts of the body through systemic circulation.
C, blood after systemic circulation, from venous blood to arterial blood.
D, is the circulation way to send blood back to the heart.
12. The following statement that the small intestine is the main place for digestion and absorption is incorrect ().
A, the small intestine is long, and there are folds and villi on the inner wall of the small intestine.
C, the digestive juice of small intestine is rich D, and the small intestine peristalsis is fast.
13, in the structure of the eyeball, there are photosensitive cells ().
A, cornea B, sclera C, retina D, iris
14. When the electric eel catches its prey, it will discharge at a very high frequency. When similar electric eels hear the news, their "language" for exchanging information is ().
A, action b, current c, sound d, smell
15, most fish can lay tens of thousands to millions of eggs in turn, but the mortality rate of fry is very high, so the number of mature fish is very small. The phenomenon that these fish lay high eggs is ()
A, adaptability B, relativity of adaptability
C, the result of long-term genetic variation D, the result restricted by abiotic factors
16, scientists speculate that the origin of life managed four chemical evolution processes, in which the place where small molecular organic substances (such as amino acids) were formed and the place where primitive life was born were () respectively.
A, primitive ocean and primitive atmosphere b, primitive atmosphere and primitive ocean
C, all in the primitive ocean D, all in the primitive atmosphere.
17. The tall stem of pea is the dominant gene (represented by D) and the short stem is the recessive gene (represented by D). Short stems may appear in the following parent combinations ().
A, Dd and Dd B, Dd and Dd C, Dd and DD, DD and DD.
18, Lingling saw a wild goose while traveling. After consulting the information, she found the classified position of this wild goose. Can you help Lingling determine which of the following is correct? ( )
A, anatidae, anatidae, anatidae b, anatidae, anatidae, anatidae, anatidae, anatidae.
C. anatidae, anatidae, anatidae d, anatidae, anatidae, anatidae.
19, if you want a sour apple tree to bear sweet apples, which of the following is wrong ()
A, taking sour apples as rootstock B and sweet apples as scions
C. The phloem of scion and rootstock must match. Take sour apples as scions.
20. The following statement about adolescence is incorrect ().
A, entering adolescence, the function of human nervous system and heart is obviously enhanced.
B, after entering adolescence, the sex organs of both boys and girls develop rapidly.
C. Adolescence is the golden period of physical and intellectual development in a person's life.
D, puberty female menstruation, should not let the opposite sex know.
Second, the skill questions (1 point per grid, ***30 points)
2 1, the biggest ecosystem on earth is that it is the home of all living things on earth. The number and proportion of various organisms in the ecosystem have always remained in a relatively stable state, that is, the ecosystem has a certain self-regulation ability, but this ability is.
22. In the experiment of simulating the formation of animal protective color, colored cloth is used for simulation. Finally, it was found that after predation, the remaining small pieces of paper were the same color as new ones.
23, biological reproductive mode and, in evolution, the more advanced reproductive mode is.
24. According to scientific research, earthworms live in a dark and humid environment. Therefore, in the process of scientific inquiry, if it is assumed that "humidity has an impact on earthworm life", then the variable should be.
25. A classmate read a book for a long time, and wanted to adjust the fatigue of his eyes, so he looked far away, and the result was unclear and blurred. You think: this is because he read books at close range for a long time, which makes the ciliary suspensory ligament tired and the curvature can't be adjusted, which makes him image on the retina, so people with myopia need to wear correction.
26. In the rainy season, many articles are prone to mildew and long hair, but this is not easy to happen in winter. Do you think the main reason is that the suitable living conditions of mold are related to harmony?
27. Darwin believed that the cause of biological evolution is the result, and the organism is constantly evolving in the process of constantly adapting to the environment.
28. When studying the origin of human beings, the methods used are: This method is used when studying the formation process of protective color.
29. When some students observed onion epidermal cells with a microscope, they first observed them with a low-power lens and then observed them with a high-power lens, and found that the field of vision changed and the number of cells that could be seen decreased.
30. When exploring "the change of steamed bread in mouth", three treatments were carried out: ① Put steamed bread crumbs and saliva into the test tube 1, and fully stir; (2) Put the steamed bread crumbs and clean water into the No.2 test tube and fully stir; ③ Put the steamed bread slices and saliva into the No.3 test tube without stirring. And put it in warm water at about 37℃ for 5- 10 minute. Excuse me: the test tube that does not change blue after dropping iodine solution is the role of No test tube.
3 1. In the experiment of "observing the blood flow in the caudal fin of small fish", it is necessary to observe with a magnifying glass, and it is observed that some blood vessels are the thinnest and some are capillaries.
32. Different methods can be used to explore different problems. For example, when we discuss "the role of fins in swimming" and "the role of animals in people's lives", we adopt the method of summation respectively.
33. In the experiment of the influence of alcohol on the heart rate of Daphnia, the higher the concentration of alcohol used, the higher the heart rate of Daphnia. When the concentration reaches 20%, Daphnia will die, indicating that alcohol is a substance that affects the heart rate.
34. In the experiment of observing earthworms, you found that there were some protrusions on the abdomen of earthworms. When you look at it with a magnifying glass, you find that it is bristles, and the bristles on the abdomen of earthworms can.
35. Geneticists call the red fruit and yellow fruit of tomatoes and the white hair and black hair of rabbits, both of which are made of.
Four, short answer questions (30 points)
36. Case study: Xiaogang, 17 years old, went to the hospital one day. His main complaints are: feeling weak, loss of appetite, emaciation, coughing, spitting, and sometimes congested sputum, which is ineffective after taking vitamins; (3) MUBI often breaks out in cold sweat at night and sometimes feels chest pain. After being examined by a doctor; ④ Blood pressure:16/10.7 kPa; ⑤ Axillary temperature: 37.8℃; ⑥ Blood test: 5 million red blood cells /mm3, 0,000 white blood cells 1mm3 and 250,000 platelets/mm3.
(1) From the above situation, Xiao Gang may suffer greatly. (expressed in numbers)
(2) The commonly used confirmation methods in hospitals are.
(3) The disease is an infectious disease. The pathogen is, the original parasitic site is, mainly through transmission.
(4) According to the symptoms, the doctor took the following measures: ① Penicillin and kimono therapy. ② Eat nutritious food and control activities. ③ Vaccinate family members, neighbors and friends with BCG. ④ Patients were treated in isolation. Students are not allowed to visit the hospital. ⑥ Disinfect his home and electrical appliances.
The above items belong to controlling the source of infection;
Cutting off the route of transmission is;
What protects the susceptible population is.
March 37, 2005, Yum! KFC's brands issued a public statement in Shanghai, announcing that Sudan Red (No.1) was found in the inspection of KFC's roasted wings in New Orleans and the seasonings in New Orleans on June 5438+05, and all KFC restaurants in China immediately stopped selling these two products and destroyed all the seasonings. Sudan red is not a food additive. It is a chemical stain, and its chemical composition is a compound called naphthalene, which is also an artificial chemical preparation. Sudan red is an azo chemical dye, which is mainly used to add color to solvents, waxes and gasoline, and to add luster to shoes and floors.
Studies have shown that "Sudan Red 1" is carcinogenic, which will lead to carcinogenesis in rats, and it also shows the characteristics of possible carcinogenicity in the study of human hepatocytes. Because this kind of dye, regarded as food pigment, will only slowly affect the health of consumers and will not cause cancer soon, so it has strong concealment. "Sudan Red 1" is degraded by human body to form a moderately toxic carcinogen "aniline". Excessive "aniline" is inhaled into the human body, which may lead to tissue hypoxia, poor breathing, damage to the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and even lead to infertility. Animal experiments show that "Sudan Red 1" can cause some cancers in mice, but it is not a serious carcinogen, so there is no need to panic. Sudan red is mainly used (found at present): Chili sauce, Chili oil, spicy radish, pickles and fermented bean curd.
According to the above information, please answer:
(1) What is "Sudan Red 1"? Why does it attract the attention of the whole society?
(2) After reading the materials, how much do you know about food safety? What inspiration did you get from it (about food safety)?
(3) What measures do you think should be taken to control the food problems caused by such substances?
38. According to related reports, most people in a village in yingde city, Guangdong Province will not live beyond 40 years old. After being informed, the Geological Survey Institute of this province carried out the investigation of karst groundwater resources and ecological environment geology in northern Guangdong. It was found that due to the low terrain, sewage seeped into the ground and polluted the groundwater resources, which made the manganese content in the groundwater as high as 0.65 mg/l and nitrite content as high as 0. 15 mg/l, which exceeded the national sanitary standard for drinking water by 6.5 times and 30 times respectively. Due to the long-term recycling of polluted water, the health and life of local people have been seriously affected. It can be seen that human activities will affect the environment, and changes in the environment will affect human survival and development. Please answer according to the local ecological environment, actual production or living conditions:
(1) Give an example of human activities destroying the ecological environment.
(2) Put forward an inquiry question for this example.
(3) Make assumptions with existing knowledge.
(4) Tell the method to explore the problem.
(5) Put forward suggestions to solve the problem.
Reference Answers of Simulated Test Questions in 8th grade Biology Examination
First, multiple choice questions
DCCBD ABDCA BDCBA CBBDD
Second, the problem of skills.
2 1, finite biosphere
22, biological living environment cloth
23, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, sexual reproduction
24, the size of the soil moisture
25. Anterior concave lens
26, humidity and temperature
27. Natural selection
28, reasoning and demonstration simulation experiment
29. Less darkness
30, 1 control
3 1, low red blood cell single pass
32, simulation experiment investigation
33, slow inhibition
34. Finger contact with earthworms assists movement.
35. Relative trait genes
Third, short answer questions
36.( 1) Tuberculosis ① ② ③ ⑤
(2) Chest fluoroscopy
(3) droplets and air in the respiratory mucosa of mycobacterium tuberculosis
(4) ①④ ⑥ ③⑤
37.( 1) "Sudan red 1" is a chemical stain; "Sudan Red 1" is degraded by human body to form a moderately toxic carcinogen "aniline". Excessive "aniline" is inhaled into the human body, which may lead to tissue hypoxia, poor breathing, damage to the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and even lead to infertility.
(2) With regard to food safety, it is necessary not only for individuals to pay attention to food hygiene, but also for all sectors of society to work together.
Revelation: Do not eat food sold on the street without hygiene license; Eat less and don't eat pickled food; Don't drink or eat drinks and food containing preservatives, dyes, etc. ; Wait a minute.
(3) The relevant state departments should intensify inspection and punishment; Strictly control the circulation of related substances; People should enhance their awareness of food safety; Wait a minute.
(1) Forests and vegetation were cut down and destroyed by local people.
(2) Will vegetation decrease aggravate soil erosion?
(3) Vegetation reduction will aggravate soil erosion.
(4) Adopting the method of simulation experiment.
(5) planting trees; Returning farmland to forest and grassland; Vigorously publicize and enhance people's awareness of protecting vegetation; Wait a minute.
First, multiple-choice questions (this question contains 25 small questions, ***50 points. )
1. The following statements about the geographical location and advantages of China are incorrect.
A China is located in the east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.
B: China is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the east, with abundant rainfall in the east, which is beneficial to agricultural production.
C. China is mainly located in the tropics.
D China's territory spans nearly 50 degrees from north to south, and the climate difference between north and south is great, which provides favorable conditions for China to develop its agricultural economy.
2. Land and inland areas adjacent to China.
A. Russia, Mongolia, Pakistan B. Kazakhstan, India, Myanmar
C. Mongolia, Afghanistan and Laos d North Korea, Nepal and Laos
3. In the following groups, the two adjacent provincial administrative regions are
A. Heilongjiang Province and Liaoning Province B. Yunnan Province and Guangdong Province
C. Gansu Province and Chongqing D. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Shaanxi Province
The following statement about the ethnic distribution in China is correct.
A. All ethnic groups live together in a large area and live in a small area. B. Ethnic groups live together in a large area and live in a small area.
C. Han nationality is mainly distributed in the east and south. D. ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the west and north.
5. The main terrain types distributed on the third level are
A. Hills and plains B. Hills and basins
C. Mountains and plateaus D. Plains and plateaus
6. The following statements about China's land area, borders and neighboring countries are correct.
A. The land area of China is 960 square kilometers. B. The coastline of Chinese mainland is more than 20,000 kilometers long.
C China's land border is over18,000 kilometers long. D there are 14 countries adjacent to China.
7. Most crops, animals and plants in the world can find areas suitable for growth in China because of our country.
A. the monsoon climate is remarkable. B.it's usually very hot in summer.
C. The climate is complex and diverse D. The rain and heat are in the same period
8. The following areas are located in warm temperate zone, semi-humid zone and temperate monsoon climate zone.
A. Plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River B. Northeast Plain
C. Tarim Basin D. North China Plain
9. Most inland rivers in China are distributed in
A. Southeast coastal area B. East monsoon area
C.d. Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in western non-monsoon areas
10. The following two provincial administrative regions refer to
A. Henan b Hunan c Gansu d Shanxi province
1 1. The following statement about the China monsoon is correct.
A. The summer monsoon affecting China includes both the southwest monsoon from the Pacific Ocean and the southeast monsoon from the Indian Ocean.
B The southeast monsoon mainly affects the eastern part of China, and the southwest monsoon mainly affects the western part of China.
C. the area obviously affected by the monsoon is called the monsoon area.
D. the precipitation in monsoon area is more than that in non-monsoon area.
12. What is the lowest average temperature in winter in the following cities?
A. Beijing b Harbin c Shanghai d Guangzhou
13. Which provinces and regions pass through the Tropic of Cancer are arranged correctly from west to east?
① Guangdong ② Guangxi ③ Yunnan ④ Taiwan Province Province.
A.①②③④ B.③①②④ C.③②①④ D.④①②③？
14. The basic characteristics of population distribution in China are
A. the south has a large population, while the north has a small population. B. the population in the north is large and the population in the south is small.
C. the population in the west is large, but the population in the east is small. D. the population in the east is large and the population in the west is small.
15. Where are the ethnic minorities in China?
A. northeast, southeast, northwest B. southwest, northwest, northeast?
C. southwest, northwest and southeast D. northeast, southwest and southeast?
16. What is the correct statement about the topographical features of our country?
A. the terrain is diverse and the mountains are vast. B. It is high in the west and low in the east, showing a ladder-like distribution.
C. the mountainous plateau is low around and high in the middle. D. the west is high and the east is low, and the mountains are distributed in a network.
17. The areas where the Yangtze River and the Yellow River meet are
A. Sichuan Basin B. North China Plain C. Hengduan Mountain D. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
18. The Qinling-Huaihe line in China is
A. The dividing line between tropics and subtropics B. The dividing line between warm temperate zone and middle temperate zone
C. dividing line between humid and semi-humid areas D. dividing line between semi-humid and semi-arid areas
19.2006 Typhoon caused huge losses in some areas of China. The following statement about typhoon is correct.
A. it mostly happens in late autumn and early spring.
Except Tibet and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, most areas of China were affected by typhoons.
C. Typhoons are disastrous weather, bringing strong winds, cooling and frost.
D. Typhoons bring a lot of precipitation, which can alleviate the summer drought.
20. It is correct that the following plateaus are connected with their respective topographical features.
A. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau-snowy peaks. B. Inner Mongolia Plateau-rugged ground?
C. Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau-flat terrain D. Loess Plateau-flat and open?
2 1. "Fifty-six nationalities, fifty-six flowers, fifty-six brothers and sisters are a family ..." This song sings the voices of people of all ethnic groups. Please judge which province (region) in China has the largest minority population?
A. Guangxi B. Tibet C. Xinjiang D. Inner Mongolia?
22. The provincial administrative regions adjacent to the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea are
A. Liaoning, Hebei B. Hebei, Shandong C. Liaoning, Shandong D. Shandong and Jiangsu
23. The northeast-southwest mountain range is located on the second and third boundary lines of China's topography, which is the boundary line between the North China Plain and the Loess Plateau.
A. Daxinganling B. Taihang Mountain C. Kunlun Mountain D. Tianshan Mountain?
24. China's national policy on population issues is
A. Controlling population B. Improving population quality
C. Family planning D. Late marriage, late childbearing and excellent parenting methods
25. The main reasons for the rapid population growth in China in recent years are
A great changes have taken place in the natural conditions where people live.
B. economic and cultural development, medical and health conditions have improved significantly.
C. increasing commercial and trade activities
D. the demand for social labor has increased significantly.
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answer
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answer
Second, look at the picture and answer the question (this question contains 7 small questions, ***50 points. )
1. Read Sketch of China and complete the following questions.
(1) Fill in the name of the geographical thing represented by the serial number in the drawing: (10)
Mountains: ①
②
③
Rivers: ④
Topographic area: ⑤ Basin.
Province: ⑥ Province
Administrative Center: ⑦ City
(2) Fill in the names of geographical things represented by the letters in the picture:
A (country), B (country), C sea.
2. Read the topographic profile of China along 36 degrees north latitude and complete the following questions: (4 points)
(1) Affected by topography, most rivers in China enter the sea in the direction of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, connecting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) The terrain with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters in China is a _ _ _ _ _ ladder; Terrain is given priority to with basin and plateau, is the first _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ level; Shandong is located on the first _ _ _ _ _ step.
3. Read the pictures below and complete the following questions. (9 points)
(1) Line A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Line B is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) Line C is 1 month _ _ _ _ _ isotherm, which is generally consistent with precipitation lines such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mm The cultivated land to the north of the line is mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. Read the picture below and complete the following questions. (4 points)
(1) The picture shows the monsoon of _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The reason for judgment is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) This season, the main feature of the climate in our city is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) In this season, the main meteorological disasters in China are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
5. Read the "Schematic Diagram of the Yellow River System" and answer the following questions. (7 points)
(1) The names of main tributaries of the Yellow River in the map are ① and ②.
(2) The Yellow River is longer than the Pearl River, but its water volume is only one seventh of that of the Pearl River. The reason for this is the following：
(3) The decrease of the Yellow River flowing through Ningxia Plain and Hetao Plain is due to:
(4) The reasons why the lower reaches of the Yellow River become an aboveground river are: (2 points)
(5) The Yellow River has the largest sediment concentration in the world, and 90% of the sediment concentration of the whole river comes from its reach.
6. Read the schematic diagram of the Yangtze River system and complete the following questions. (9 points)
(1) Write the name of the geographical thing represented by the serial number:
City: ①. The largest water conservancy project under construction in the world: ②.
(2) The Yangtze River originates from the A Plateau Mountains and flows into the B Sea. The letters A and B are filled in the corresponding positions on the map.
(3) The Yangtze River is rich in hydropower resources, with convenient shipping below Yibin, and is known as the "Water City".
7. Read the division map of dry and wet areas in China and answer (7 points).
(1) The serial number ① in the figure represents the millimeter precipitation line, which roughly divides China into east and west parts. Among them, agriculture, forestry and fisheries are mainly distributed in the eastern region, while agriculture is the main industry in the western region.
(2) The Millimeter Isoprecipitation Line divides the eastern part of China into two parts: the south and the north.
answer
First, multiple-choice questions (this question contains 25 small questions, ***50 points. )
CCDAA DCDCC DBCDD BDCDA ACBCB
Second, look at the picture and answer the question (this question contains small questions, ***50 points. )
1.( 1) Tianshan Qilian Mountains Qinling Yellow River Sichuan Xizang Autonomous Region Fuzhou (2) Russia North Korea Bohai Sea
2.( 1) The water at the junction of east and west flows inland from west to east.
(2) One, two, three
3.( 1) There are few monsoon regions and non-monsoon regions.
(2) cascade plains and hills (3) dry fields at 0℃ and 800℃
4.( 1) Short winter (2) Cold and dry (3) Cold wave, heavy snow, etc.
5.( 1) Huangshui Weihe River
(2)(3)(4) Omit
(5) Midstream
6.( 1) Three Gorges in Wuhan
② Tanggula Shandong and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (sketch)
(3) the upstream golden waterway
7.( 1)400 Planting, Forestry and Animal Husbandry
(2)800