At this moment, on the shores of Thousand Island Lake with blue sky, clear water, green hills and greenery, colleagues from both sides of the Taiwan Strait have gathered together to discuss the century-long and world-wide topics of tourism and environment, calling for the arrival of a green century, which is a timely and grand move that conforms to people's hearts and trends.
Tourism is a service industry based on specific resources. Like any industry, it also consumes certain resources. However, compared with the secondary industries such as industry and mining, compared with traditional agriculture such as cutting down trees for land reclamation, destroying grass for ploughing, grazing, fishing and hunting, the consumption of resources and the damage to the environment are much smaller. The author once saw a warning in the world's first national park on the other side of the ocean in a remote mountain tourist destination in western Hubei: "Don't leave anything but footprints, and don't take anything away except photos". The "commodity" that tourists spend money to "buy" when they leave home is a kind of appreciation, experience and experience, instead of "buying back" a flower, a tree, a mountain, a water, a scene and a thing there.
many sampling surveys of Chinese and foreign tourists have come to the same conclusion: the first factor in choosing a destination is excellent environmental quality. Environment has become the first primer of tourism and the first factor of tourism productivity. In this sense, tourism and environmental protection have a natural coupling. Tourism should and can become a pioneer industry of social sustainable development.
However, any development must pay a certain price. Whether at home or abroad, developed or developing countries, it is also an indisputable fact that the disorderly and excessive tourism development has caused more or less, explicit or implicit damage or destruction to the natural and human environment. Tourism is a smokeless industry, but it is not a pollution-free industry.
Mr. Francisco Frangui Alley, Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization (WTO), at the opening ceremony of the World Tourism Promotion Conference in Berlin in March 2116, looked forward to the prospect of world tourism development in the next 21 years with mixed feelings: "Between 1995 and 2121, the flow of European tourists will double, while the world will triple. It is not difficult to imagine the potential and positive and negative effects brought about by such amazing development. On the one hand, it creates employment opportunities and a large number of activities, but on the other hand, the cultural, social and environmental impact can not be ignored. This prospect requires us to think deeply. What kind of economy and social security do we hope to build for ourselves and future generations through the development of tourism? " His own answer is: "We hope to build a tourism industry that is sustainable, balanced, responsible and caring for the environment. At the same time, it is conducive to trade liberalization and technological innovation, and is conducive to human exchanges."
weighing the pros and cons, developing tourism undoubtedly has more advantages than disadvantages, especially in areas with fragile ecological environment and precious tourism resources. Compared with developing other industries, developing tourism has more advantages than disadvantages. Whether we can seek advantages and avoid disadvantages depends on whether we can carry out scientific tourism development, consumption, management and management according to ecological laws and tourism laws, properly handle the relationship between tourism development and environmental protection, maximize its advantages, reduce its disadvantages to a minimum, and realize the unity of economic benefits, social benefits and ecological environmental benefits.
establishing a system of green tourism development, management, publicity and management, adhering to scientific tourism development management, reducing extensive development, preventing low-level development and putting an end to destructive development are the keys to realizing the unity of development and protection, and achieving the harmonious and sustainable development of tourism with economy, culture and environment.
green development
with sustainable development as the fundamental guiding principle, scientific planning and design are carried out for tourism development, and resource development and environmental protection are organically combined to realize orderly and reasonable development and construction.
the construction of scenic spots, restaurants, transportation facilities and other service facilities must be assessed for environmental impact, and greening and ecological conservation plans must be made, and various environmental protection measures must be implemented.
The volume, density, material, style and color of various service entities such as hotels, restaurants and reception centers should be coordinated with the local geographical environment, cultural background and functional purposes. Buildings in natural scenic tourist areas are generally "small, not big, low, not high, not dense, not hidden, not obvious, not foreign."
The construction of ropeways, cable cars, slideways and other artificial facilities that may damage the landscape and environment in key landscape areas such as nature reserves and scenic spots should be repeatedly demonstrated, and the pros and cons should be weighed carefully.
in nature reserves, scenic spots, historical and cultural cities, ethnic and cultural reserves, traditional villages and historical and cultural blocks, in the core areas, sensitive areas or essential sections, "traveling in the area and living outside the area" will be implemented. In the core tourist routes and sections where the environment and resources are vulnerable to loss, it is necessary to control the flow of tourists and take fixed-line, fixed-time and quantitative tours.
In areas sensitive to the natural ecological environment and fragile, it is necessary to take turns to rest and conserve the ecology.
measure the social environment capacity (or carrying capacity), ecological environment capacity and reception facilities capacity of various tourist destinations, and determine the boundary between the maximum capacity and the optimal capacity, so as to minimize the consumption of resources and environment by tourism activities and ensure the synchronous improvement of tourism quality and environmental quality.
green products
guided by the psychological, physiological, conceptual and aesthetic needs of all kinds of tourists at home and abroad, mainly urban residents of all groups, and based on local characteristic ecological resources, we seek the best connection between supply and demand and launch marketable eco-tourism products.
vigorously develop forest tourism, bird-watching tourism, agricultural tourism, grassland tourism, marine tourism, river and lake tourism, skiing, rafting, mountain climbing, adventure and desert tourism, and build natural tourism products, green tourism products and eco-tourism products such as botanical gardens, zoos, marine parks, nature reserves and geological parks, so as to guide tourists to nature, feel nature and experience nature widely and smoothly.
green management
all kinds of tourism enterprises, especially hotels and restaurants, promote water-saving and electricity-saving technologies, reduce waste, set up smoke-free rooms, restaurants and conference rooms, and implement green management.
All kinds of tourist destinations should be decorated in a green way, without polluting paints, equipment and furniture, and with less plastic tableware and bags. Try to use natural energy, ecological energy (biogas), clean energy and fluorine-free refrigeration. Provide tourists with ecological food, green food, pollution-free and pollution-free food.
Develop green tourist commodities, and do not produce or sell tourist foods, articles and souvenirs made of protected animals and plants.
carry out healthy, progressive and distinctive local, ethnic and local cultural, entertainment, sports and competitive activities.
develop green transportation, advocate pollution-free means of transportation, such as battery cars (boats), animal-drawn cars and rickshaws (boats), and control the exhaust emissions of automobiles and yachts. Build environmentally-friendly parking lots and green parking lots, and use pollution-free ecological materials, such as slates, pebbles and sand, to pave roads in natural scenic spots.
advocate clean toilets, water-saving toilets, set up environmentally-friendly toilets, and promote ecological and biogas toilets.
in tourism enterprises, the ISO14111 environmental management system certification is widely popularized, so as to realize the integration of environmental management with international standards.
Green consumption
Vigorously advocate civilized tourism, environmental protection tourism, rational tourism, intellectual tourism, responsible tourism, low-impact tourism, hard tourism, self-help tourism, backpacking tourism, and steep-step tourism, and advocate tourists to pay attention to hygiene, recycle garbage, protect animals and plants, do not buy, eat or hurt animals and plants, respect the folk customs and religious beliefs of tourist destinations, and be a tourist destination.
green publicity
carry out extensive and lasting publicity and education activities on the sustainable development of tourism, strengthen popular science work on ecological environmental protection, and improve the environmental awareness, ecological awareness and green tourism awareness of tourism managers, operators, tourists and residents of tourist destinations.
tourist publicity and education centers should be established in various tourist destinations, mainly natural ecological tourist destinations and cultural tourist destinations, and classrooms should be built to publicize and popularize cultural and scientific knowledge to tourists.
Carefully write informative, scientific, popular and interesting tour guide words, so that tourists can be educated and enlightened unconsciously.
Set up scientific explanatory monuments (signs) in scenic spots, forest parks, nature reserves, historical relics protection units, historical and cultural blocks, former residences of celebrities, famous historical sites, etc.
through books, newspapers, radio, television, websites and other publicity and information media, widely and deeply publicize environmental protection knowledge and raise the environmental awareness of the whole people.
in regions and famous tourist cities where tourism is an important or pillar industry, tourism knowledge and environmental protection knowledge are listed as the contents of primary and secondary school teaching, so as to enhance the tourism awareness and ecological environmental awareness of the whole people.
green training
generally carry out ecological education and green training for tourism development designers, managers, managers, service personnel, logistics personnel and tour guides, so that they have not only tourism professional knowledge and skills, but also ecological and environmental protection expertise.
to train managers, the first thing is to train managers and cadres at all levels in charge of tourism.
"Ecological blindness" must not be allowed to take charge of tourism, develop tourism and manage tourism.
Tourism colleges and training institutions should make tourism environment and ecological protection a compulsory course.
green management
formulate green tourism product quality standards, green tourism service standards and green tourism management standards that meet the requirements of sustainable tourism development, such as green hotel standards and green restaurant standards, so as to institutionalize, standardize and standardize the development, operation, consumption and management of green tourism.
strengthen the construction of environmental protection institutions at all levels, improve the province's environmental monitoring network, and all tourist areas (spots) should have full-time or part-time personnel responsible for tourism resources and environmental protection.
the tourism authorities shall commend, reward and give preferential treatment to the green enterprises and green scenic spots.
By using market mechanism and economic means, the behaviors of tour operators and tourists are influenced by taxation (such as tourism resource tax), environmental compensation (environmental protection fee), fines and compensation, so as to achieve the purpose of tourism resources and environmental protection.
correctly handle the relationship between the number of tourists and the quality of tourism, the relationship between the number of tourists and the per capita consumption, the relationship between the maximization of tourism revenue and the minimization of tourism resources consumption, the relationship between short-term growth and sustainable development, the relationship between extensive and intensive tourism economic development, extension and connotation, quantity and quality, speed and efficiency, and explore new ways of sustainable tourism.
scientific and technological support
make full use of modern scientific and technological achievements in the development of tourism resources and environmental protection, and adopt physical means, chemical means, biological means, engineering means and computer means to promote tourism resources and environmental protection; Strengthen the basic and applied research of tourism ecological environment protection, popularize advanced technology of environmental protection, and increase scientific and technological investment in the sustainable development of tourism.
international cooperation
international exchanges and cooperation in various forms, fields and levels are carried out in education, training, planning, projects and financing for the sustainable development of tourism. Establish extensive contacts with international nature and cultural protection organizations such as UNESCO, UNDP, Global Environment Facility, World Conservation Organization, International Union for Conservation of Nature, World Labor Commission, World Wide Fund for Nature, World Conservation Union National Parks and Protected Areas Committee, East Asia Nature Conservation Research, Monitoring and Training Center, strengthen cooperation, establish an international cooperation mechanism for sustainable development, and establish China's green tourism system with reference to international experience. In tourism enterprises, ISO14111 environmental management system certification should be popularized to realize the integration of environmental management with international standards. "It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down.". Judging from the long history, China's tourism industry has just started, and the road ahead is very long. Establishing a green tourism system and taking the road of sustainable development has not really broken the subject. I would like to teach my colleagues in the tourism and environmental protection fields on both sides of the Taiwan Strait with a single opinion.