Complete works of sentence structure necessary for English writing
There are affirmative sentences and negative sentences in declarative sentences. It can be divided into the following five types:
Subject+transitive verb+object+object complement, for example, I find it impossible. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
(2) subject+transitive verb+object, for example, I guessed a good English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.
(3) subject+transitive verb+indirect object+direct object, for example, please tell me a story before I go to bed. In this way, the sentences that can add double objects are buy, say, give, ask, pass on and teach.
④ Subject+intransitive verb. I arrived at six last night.
Subject+copula+predication, for example, Tom is an American boy. The grass turns green in spring.
Is there be in the common sentence patterns in junior high school? Sentence patterns indicate the existence of something, such as a map on the wall, and the form of its be verb should be consistent with the noun near it. It should be noted that after the auxiliary verb is added to this sentence pattern, the be verb should also be retained and cannot be replaced by there, for example, there will be a meeting tomorrow.
In sentence structure, we should pay attention to the consistency of subject and predicate, that is, the subject of the sentence should echo the predicate verb. Please note the following points:
When connecting two subjects with and, it should generally be regarded as plural, but if a person holds two jobs, he should use a singular predicate verb form, for example, a singer and dancer is coming to our party. A singer and dancer is an actor who can sing and dance well. Singers and dancers translate into: singers and dancers.
② Some noun predicate verbs ending in s should be singular, such as: The news is good (news is an uncountable noun).
③ When there are quantifiers, the number of quantifiers should be calculated; This pair of glasses is very good. My glasses are broken.
(4) Some nouns that are singular but plural, such as people coming this way, police. If you want to say police, you should say police. Two policemen are two policemen. Another example is a policewoman and two policewomen.
(5) All indefinite pronouns each, there, inside, one, the either, nothing, anyone, any one, someone, someone? A conjunction that should be used as a singular word in a complex sentence, such as: someone is waiting for you to express a joint relationship: and not only? But also, neither? Not really. My sister and my parents are going to the movies. The coordinate conjunctions indicating the turning point are: but and however, for example, she is a good student, but she failed in the final exam. Another example: I think the news is strange, but it is true. The conjunctions indicating the choice relationship are: or? Or, for example, Hurryup, or you are going to be late for school, the coordinate conjunctions indicating causality are: for, so for example, they studied hard, so they all passed the exam.
object clause
Transitive verbs can be followed by a noun as an object, such as: I know that person, and then a sentence can also be used as an object, such as: I know he is a good man. At this time, the conjunction of the object clause has that, (that only plays a connecting role in the clause and does not play the role of a grammatical component in the sentence. It is neither a subject nor an object, so it is often omitted in spoken English. I am sure that she has passed the exam.
If, here they only play a connecting role in the object clause, not a grammatical role, such as whether to speak or not. When there is an or not structure in the clause, you should use what, for example, I asked him if he had lunch.
What it is used as a conjunction in an object clause and can also be used as a subject or an object component, such as: I don't understand what you are talking about (what is the object of said). Another example: I asked him what made him sick (what is the subject in the object clause).
Who, like what, besides being a conjunction, can also be a component of a sentence, such as: I know who she is looking for?
Whose book is it? I wonder whose book this is.
It's like: Do you know which book is mine?
There are also four commonly used adverbs.
How to use it widely, such as how much, how much, how long, how fast and how old? . How much does it cost?
When it is only an adverbial of connection time, for example, please tell me when the meeting will start.
It connects the adverbial places, such as: Where are you from?
Why do you want to use adverbial clauses to connect? For example, the teacher asked Tom why he didn't come to school.
The common test sites in the exam are: the echo of the tense of the object clause and the tense of the main clause. If the predicate verb of the main clause is present tense or future tense, the tense of the object clause can be any required tense, such as: I know he didn't come. I know he didn't come. I know he will come tomorrow. I know he will come tomorrow. I know he has gone to London. I know he has gone to London.
If the predicate verb in the main sentence is the past tense, the object clause should also use one of the past tenses. For example: simple past tense, past continuous tense, past future tense, past perfect tense. You can't use the present tense except to express the objective truth in the universe. I wonder when he will come. The teacher told me that the earth moves around the sun.
Adverbial clause of time
Its conjunctions are: after, before, when, as, only, till, while, since, by, among which the following points are difficult to grasp.
(1) Until (until) until, in a sentence that uses until as an adverbial of time, you should be very careful in choosing the main verb. If the verb is persistent, we should use affirmative sentences, such as: I studied hard until 12 last night. If the verb is to cut off instantly, you should use a negative sentence, for example, he didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
② Time adverbial clauses guided by since, for, by and before. The adverbial of time guided by since is the start time of the action, such as: I started learning English from 1990. The adverbial of time guided by by by is usually the end time of the action. For example, by the end of the last $ TERM, I had learned 25 English songs, and before was mainly used in the perfect tense, while ago was mainly used in the simple past tense. For example, I left my hometown two years ago.
③ Use the simple present tense or simple past tense to express the future in adverbial clauses. They may be the main clause in the general future tense and the subordinate clause in the general present tense, for example, if it rains, they will not go to the park on Sunday, or they may be the main clause in the general past tense and the subordinate clause in the general past continuous tense, for example, he said that if it rains the next day, he will not go to the park.
(4) The common test sites in the exam are: students are required to distinguish whether it is an adverbial clause of condition and time or an object clause, because what tense should be used in the object clause, such as: I want to know whether he will come here tomorrow, and the relationship between the adverbial clause of condition and the main clause of the object clause, such as: I want to know whether he will come here tomorrow.
reason adverbial
(1) because, should be translated as "because". It expresses the strongest causal relationship, for example, he failed the exam because he didn't study hard.
Since you were ill yesterday, I left some notes on your desk.
As should be translated as "because", for example, because it is too hot, we'd better go swimming, because the causal relationship with As is much weaker than because. The for expression has the weakest causality. He studies hard because he wants to go to college.
adverbial clause
Peer comparison as? This book is as good as that one. Two points should be noted:
① as？ As should use the original level instead of the comparative level.
Use adjectives or adverbs, such as: Mary writes as carefully as Tom, and its negative sentence is not as (so)? They don't work As hard as we do, and different grades are compared by comparison scores, for example, he is younger than me.
It should be noted that when expressing the concept of "increasingly", there are two sentence patterns:
Compare+and+,for example, the days are getting longer and the little girl is getting more and more beautiful.
(2) definite article the+ comparative +the+ comparative, such as: the harder you study, the more you can learn adverbials, and you should pay attention to the difference between as (conjunction) and like (preposition). As a conjunction followed by a clause, please do as I do, but the following sentences are often omitted. If you do as I do, like is a preposition followed by an object. If you do as I do, please do.
Adverbial clause of result and purpose
Mainly like this? And so on.
(1) So? Used before singular countable nouns, such as: She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her.
You can only use such words before uncountable nouns or plural countable nouns. For example, it's a nice day, and we want to have a picnic. Another example is that they are such excellent players that they should win the game.
Only so can be used before more, more, less and less, for example, I have too little money to afford it.
⑤ So? When there is only an adjective between the two, you can't use this, for example, it's too good, I want to buy it.
6. So
The above are some basic English sentence patterns, which are helpful for your English composition. I hope your English can be improved.