Under the 511-year-old trees, the life in old Beijing is interpreted in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the red walls and yellow tiles reflect the typical scenes of historical and cultural celebrities ...
On October 31th, 2115, Xuannan Cultural Museum was officially opened to the public, relying on Changchun Temple, the "first temple of the capital" in Ming Dynasty. From now on, through the all-round contact of vision, hearing and touch, the general public can feel the colorful and profound Xuannan culture.
Xuanwu District in Beijing is the birthplace of Beijing and the capital of Beijing. The long history of more than 3,111 years has created a rich cultural background and excellent cultural traditions in Xuanwu District. As early as the important period of the formation of "Beijing culture" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when the inner city centered on the imperial city became a concentrated area of court culture, Xuannan, which was located in the outer city, became an increasingly showplace for scholar culture and street culture.
during the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty, the imperial court compiled the Sikuquanshu, and scholars from all over the world gathered in the capital. Ji Yun, the chief editor of Sikuquanshu, Cheng Jinfang and others all lived in Xuannan. They exchanged books and discussed knowledge with Liulichang as the center, forming the "Xuannan culture" represented by scholar culture at first.
With the rise of Xuannan culture, various businesses and entertainment industries came into being, and Dashilan, Tianqiao and other places also prospered. In this area, many guild halls built by officials and businessmen from other provinces living in Beijing not only attracted many businessmen and businessmen to Xuannan, but also integrated the cultures from other provinces with their own characteristics into this land. After years of reproduction, Xuannan culture has been popular, elegant and gorgeous, and its cultural characteristics are embodied in some specific cultural series, mainly including traditional commercial culture represented by time-honored shops in Dashilan area, old Beijing folk culture represented by Tianqiao, capital scholar culture represented by Liulichang, opera culture represented by Peking Opera, guild hall mansion culture represented by local guild halls and celebrities' former residences, Hui culture represented by niujie, altar temple culture with folk gods as its content. As an important part of Beijing culture, Xuannan culture embodies the characteristics of mass and diversity to keep pace with the times.
Xuannan Culture Museum, with the theme of Xuannan culture, vividly shows the long history and rich cultural accumulation in Xuannan area. The whole museum has eight exhibition halls: Youyou Xuannan, Xuannan Shixiang, Yinglie Footprint, Liyuan Scenic Spot, Chengnan Paradise, Centennial Prosperity, National Unity and Xuannan Cultural Protection and Development Achievements. In the exhibition layout, Xuannan Cultural Museum breaks the simple display of cultural relics, pictures and written materials, and focuses on restoring and creating some typical scenes to show people a cultural spirit.
In the exhibition hall of Youyou Xuannan, the inscription by Mr. Hou Renzhi, a famous historical geographer, "Xuannan Historic Site, with a long history, Zhoufeng Jicheng, Jindian Zhongdu, the ancient capital of Beijing, started from Sidi" summarizes the long history and profound cultural heritage of Xuanwu District; In the exhibition hall of Xuannan Shixiang, from Gu Yanwu to Liang Qichao, from advocating smoking ban and reform to promoting newspapers and running education, the unique cultural phenomenon of Xuannan Shixiang under the capital city in Ming and Qing Dynasties seems to be in sight; In the scenic exhibition hall of Liyuan, people can not only understand the process of Beijing opera's gestation, birth, maturity and development in Xuannan through pictures, but also have a real trick addiction by ordering favorite traditional plays on the touch computer screen in front of the specially designed opera stage. In the century-old commercial exhibition hall, an "old-fashioned commercial street" is in front of us, and various scorpions and signs hanging along the street, supplemented by various traditional handicraft performance models, show the prosperous commercial and economic scene of Xuannan in that year; In the exhibition hall of Xuannan cultural protection and development achievements, in addition to displaying a batch of cultural relics collected by the district cultural relics department for many years, Xuanwu District's active attempts and fruitful achievements in Xuannan cultural research, ancient capital style protection, brand building and cultural industry development were introduced in detail.
The cultural relics and life achievements of Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries exhibited in the museum, and the cultural relics and life achievements of Mao Zedong and other China producers exhibited in the museum were awarded the plaque of the patriotic education base to Xuannan Cultural Museum.
Compared with the eight exhibition halls, the wide courtyard of Changchun Temple provides another space for the display of Xuannan culture. Among them, a 511-year-old tree in front of the Sutra Pavilion has a unique charm here. The surrounding of this ancient tree has become a folk culture leisure space. Through four groups of bronze sculptures reflecting the contents of "playing chess, selling watermelons, kneading people and visiting temple fairs", people can experience the leisure ways of old Beijingers in spring, summer, autumn and winter. In the cultural space of scholars dominated by the front yard, two groups of sculptures with the themes of "No Smoking Begins in Xuannan" and "Tales of Scholars, Visiting Books" are vivid, forming a unique cultural landscape. According to historical records, there used to be a precious multi-gold-infiltrated pagoda in the Sutra Pavilion of Changchun Temple, which is now in the manjuji Art Museum, but the base of the pagoda remains in the Sutra Pavilion. In the process of repairing Changchun Temple, the cultural relics staff accidentally discovered the multi-pagoda monument of the ritual Buddha, which recorded the details of the pagoda. Today, this tower monument stands in front of the Ursa Major Hall, witnessing the vicissitudes of Changchun Temple.
In order to strengthen the overall protection of ancient capital features and the development and utilization of cultural resources in Xuannan, the Xuanwu District Government issued the Planning Points for the Protection of Ancient Capital Features in Xuanwu District in 2112, which clearly stated that the surrounding environment of a number of key cultural relics areas, such as Niujie Worship Temple, Tianning Temple, Xiannongtan Temple, Fayuan Temple, Baoguo Temple and Changchun Temple, should be comprehensively rectified, and at the same time, on the basis of the renovation of cultural relics protection units, in accordance with the "Effective Protection and Protection" In 2112, when the Xuanwu District Government was building the municipal road of Changchun Street, it reserved this triangular land covering an area of about 21,111 square meters between the old and new roads, including Changchun Temple, and in March 2112, it carried out environmental improvement in this area, and built a leisure square covering an area of 1.4 hectares in the south of Changchun Temple. On this basis, Xuanwu District Government, together with the Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau, began to completely repair Changchun Temple in early March 2113. After the renovation work was completed, Xuanwu District Government built Changchun Temple into Xuannan Cultural Museum through exhibition and layout.
Changchun Temple was built in the 21th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1592), which was ordered by Li Taihou, the mother of the emperor, and was endowed with "Changchun" by Wanli, meaning to wish her mother a long and healthy life. Changchun Temple in Ming Dynasty, because of its royal protection, was grand in scale and flourishing in incense, and became the "first brake of the capital". On April 28th, 1927, Li Dazhao, a revolutionary pioneer, was killed by a warlord and died here.
According to the person in charge of the Xuanwu District Cultural Committee in Beijing, considering the protection of ancient buildings, Xuannan Cultural Museum will receive visits from social units and the general public in the form of daily free invoices for some time to come.
halls of Xuannan Cultural Museum
Youyou Xuannan Exhibition Hall: More than 3,111 years ago, on the small plain of Beijing surrounded by mountains and rivers, our ancestors lived and multiplied. The legendary "Youdu" was promoted by Zhou Wuwang Keyin's anti-business, and the "Thistle Country" was born, so there was the original city of Beijing. Years alternate, generations change, starting from Jicheng, through Qin and Han Dynasties, Yue Sui and Tang Dynasties, Liao Jin Dynasties, and Ming and Qing Dynasties, the history of the ancient capital Beijing Shenxiong was interpreted. When we pursue the historical evolution track of Beijing, we should not forget it-Youyou Xuannan.
Xuannan Scholar Town Exhibition Hall: Xuannan Scholar Culture rose in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the flag and the people were divided, and the capital Nancheng became a place where Han people lived together. At the height of the imperial examination, the examinees from all provinces gathered in Xuannan. During the reign of Kang (Xi) and Gan (Long), the subject of erudition and ci poetry was added, and Han intellectuals were widely recruited to compile and edit historical books and interpret ancient books. Until the compilation of Sikuquanshu on a large scale, scholars from all over the world went to the capital and lived in Xuannan. In addition to his official career, he formed a broad and active academic atmosphere and a literary environment of association and harmony, resulting in the phenomenon of "Xuannan Scholar Township" under the capital city, which created a unique space for the cultural prosperity of the Qing Dynasty. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, when the state affairs were in peril, a group of thinkers, politicians and people with lofty ideals, who were determined to make changes, advocated banning smoking, promoting reform, promoting newspapers and running education in Xuannan land, clamoring for the survival of the nation, and performed a series of tragic historical dramas that shocked the deaf in modern China.
Exhibition Hall of Heroic Footprints: On the fertile soil of Xuannan, many revolutionary pioneers stood in the forefront of the times, explored the road of national rejuvenation, and wrote magnificent poems to save the country and the people and fight bravely against the reactionary forces. From Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin to Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, from Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai ... they all left glorious footprints of life and fighting here.
Liyuan Scenic Exhibition Hall: China opera has a long history after more than 811 years, and it ranks among the three major classical dramas in the world. From Jin Dynasty Yuan Ben, Yuan Dynasty Zaju to Ming and Qing Legends; From the prosperity of Kun (Qu) Yi (Yang Qiang) to the four Huizhou classes entering Beijing; From the birth of Peking Opera to its golden age as a "national quintessence", it has an indissoluble bond with Xuannan. The 211-year history of Peking Opera has left a trace in Xuannan. On this fertile land, Cheng Changgeng, Tan Xinpei, Yang Xiaolou, Mei Lanfang, Ma Lianliang and other generations of Peking Opera masters have emerged. Hundreds of famous actors live in the quiet alleys of Xuannan. Many opera classes, represented by Fu Liancheng, have trained thousands of outstanding actors and supported the Beijing Opera Art Hall for nearly a hundred years. The dotted theaters provide a stage for the prosperity of Beijing opera. Excellent and unique instrumental music, props and costume industries add luster to Beijing opera performances. The "National Opera Society" promoted the academic research of Peking Opera, and the "Liyuan Association" condensed the spirit of the whole industry. Xuannan is a well-deserved "hometown of Peking Opera".
Exhibition Hall of Chengnan Paradise: the folk culture and folk art of Jingshi are splendid and vivid. Although the Land Temple Fair, one of the four major temple fairs in the capital, and the Jiangnan City God Temple Fair, which is an elephant-carrying trip, have disappeared in Xuannan, the factory Dian and Tianqiao still have a rhyme. For 211 years, it has become the custom of Beijingers to visit factories and shops in the Spring Festival. Men and women gathered, jostling shoulder to shoulder, diabolo, windmill, sugar-coated haws accompanied by laughter. There are many amazing stunts on the colorful overpass. Three generations of "Eight Monsters" will always be remembered by people. Generations of artistic descendants started from here to become masters and were admired by people. Factory Dian and Tianqiao are the symbols of Beijing folk culture and folk art, and they are the unique brands of Xuannan culture.
centennial exhibition hall: In the early years of Yongle in Ming Dynasty, a "gallery room" was set up in the commercial prosperity area of Beijing to accommodate shops; In the Qing Dynasty, Nancheng became a place where Chinese people stopped in Beijing for business, study and business. From officials to gentry to civilians, the demand for food, clothing, housing and transportation constitutes a huge market. As a result, commercial districts with various characteristics and complete categories, such as Dashilan, Caishikou, Liulichang and Tianqiao, and a number of industrial commercial streets have gradually formed in Xuannan area. Antiques, jade articles, restaurants and finance have all kinds of formats. For hundreds of years, many time-honored brands have become famous all over the world with their unique cultural connotations and honest Confucian businessmen's details, which constitute the beautiful scenery of Xuannan culture.
National Unity Exhibition Hall: niujie is an ethnic minority area with a long history in Xuannan. During the period of Youzhou, Liao and Nanjing in the Tang Dynasty, ethnic minorities from the north and the western regions lived and multiplied here. After the Yuan Dynasty, more Hui people gathered here. The ancient Niujie Temple is famous in the Muslim world for its thousand-year history and grand scale. Simple Hui people live and develop in Xuannan land. Unique achievements have been made in the study of religious classics, the popularization of culture and education, the inheritance of traditional medicine and the management of jewelry, jade, food and snacks. For hundreds of years, the Han, Hui, Mongolian, Uygur, Manchu and other ethnic minorities in niujie have lived in harmony and written a chapter with distinctive cultural colors in Xuannan.
Exhibition Hall of Xuannan Cultural Protection and Development Achievements: Since the reform and opening up, Xuannan culture, as an important part of Beijing culture, has attracted wide attention from all walks of life. In 1981s, Xuanwu District Party Committee and District Government advocated the activity of "knowing and loving Xuanwu", which promoted the study of Xuannan culture, and many experts and scholars supported this work with great enthusiasm. The district committee and district government actively organized academic seminars, published monographs, formulated long-term plans to promote Xuannan culture and promote coordinated economic and social development, further strengthened the protection of ancient capital features, created cultural tourism brands, prospered the cultural market and promoted the development of cultural industries, and achieved fruitful results.
Sculpture of "Scholar's Cultural Space"
"Scholar's Tale, Visiting Books": At the time of Kanggan in Qing Dynasty, Xuannan Book Market flourished, with Ci Ren Temple first and Liulichang later. Countless cultural celebrities have searched for books in the sea and searched for secrets in the wind gallery, which is an elegant pleasure and leaves many interesting rumors. Cheng Jinfang has a saying that "ask old books before a cold guest stand", while Kong Shangren lamented after meeting Wang Shizhen that "it is better to find them in Ci Ren Temple than to sweep the trails with imperial cars."
"The anti-smoking motion started in Xuannan": During Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty (1921s-1931s), opium was rampant and its perniciousness became more and more serious. The people are weak and the country is weak, and current events are difficult. Inspired by worries, Xuannan's elite scholars rose up and called for a strong country to ban smoking. The patriotic trend of thought of statecraft rose in Xuannan. Lin Zexu, Huang Juezi, Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan are outstanding representatives. Huang Juezi, the secretary of the crack hon temple, made a public discussion, and in April of the 18th year of Daoguang, he wrote the memorial of "Strictly Stopping and Leaking to Cultivate the Country" (that is, banning smoking and dredging), urging opium to be strictly prohibited, which shocked the ruling and opposition parties and stirred up waves in Hunan and Guangdong. Lin Zexu, Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan and others gave their full support. Lin Zexu, regardless of personal interests, urged eight times to make Emperor Daoguang decide to ban smoking. On April 22nd, 19th year of Daoguang (June 3rd, 1839), Lin Zexu was in Destruction of Opium at Humen.