(1) Positive progress has been made in environmental protection. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to environmental protection and adopted a series of major policies and measures. All regions and departments have continuously strengthened environmental protection. With the rapid growth of the national economy and the remarkable improvement of people's consumption level, the environmental quality of the whole country is basically stable, the environmental quality of some cities and regions has improved, the total discharge of most major pollutants has been controlled, the emission intensity of industrial products has decreased, and environmental governance in key river basins and regions has been continuously promoted. Ecological protection and governance have been strengthened, the nuclear and radiation supervision system has been further improved, the environmental awareness and public participation of the whole society have been significantly improved, and China has earnestly fulfilled international environmental conventions and established a good international image.
(2) The environmental situation is still very grim. Although China has made positive progress in environmental protection, the grim environmental situation has not changed. The discharge of major pollutants exceeds the environmental carrying capacity, and the river sections flowing through the city are generally polluted. In many cities, air pollution is serious, acid rain pollution is aggravated, and the harm of persistent organic pollutants begins to appear. With the expansion of soil pollution area and the intensification of pollution in coastal waters, there are hidden dangers in nuclear and radiation environmental safety. Ecological damage is serious, soil erosion is extensive, rocky desertification and grassland degradation are intensified, biodiversity is reduced, and ecosystem function is degraded. The environmental problems that have appeared in stages in the process of industrialization in developed countries for hundreds of years have been concentrated in China for more than 20 years, showing the characteristics of structure, complexity and compressibility. Environmental pollution and ecological destruction have caused huge economic losses, endangered people's health, and affected social stability and environmental security. In the next 15 years, China's population will continue to increase, the total economic output will quadruple, the consumption of resources and energy will continue to increase, and the pressure on environmental protection will become greater and greater.
(3) environmental protection laws, regulations and tasks do not meet the requirements. At present, some places pay more attention to GDP growth than environmental protection. The legal system of environmental protection is not perfect, environmental legislation has not fully adapted to the needs of the situation, and the phenomenon of non-compliance with laws and lax enforcement is more prominent. The environmental protection mechanism is imperfect, the investment is insufficient, there are many historical debts, the pollution control process is slow, and the marketization degree is low. The environmental management system has not been completely straightened out, and the efficiency of environmental management needs to be improved. The supervision ability is weak, the national environmental monitoring, information, science and technology, education and comprehensive evaluation ability are insufficient, and the environmental awareness and public participation level of some leading cadres need to be strengthened.
(4) Put environmental protection in a more important strategic position. Strengthening environmental protection is an important measure to implement Scientific Outlook on Development, an inherent requirement for building a well-off society in an all-round way, a practical action to persist in governing for the people and improve the ability to govern, and a powerful guarantee for building a harmonious socialist society. Strengthening environmental protection is conducive to promoting economic restructuring and the transformation of growth mode, and achieving faster and better development; It is conducive to promoting the development of environmental protection and related industries, cultivating new economic growth points and increasing employment; It is conducive to improving the environmental awareness and moral quality of the whole society and promoting the construction of socialist spiritual civilization; Conducive to ensuring people's health, improving the quality of life and prolonging life; It is conducive to safeguarding the long-term interests of the Chinese nation and leaving a good space for survival and development for future generations. Therefore, we must use Scientific Outlook on Development to guide environmental protection and make up our minds to solve environmental problems.
Second, use Scientific Outlook on Development to lead the environmental protection work.
(5) guiding ideology. Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we should conscientiously implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, adhere to the basic national policy of environmental protection, and solve environmental problems in development according to the requirements of fully implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious socialist society. Actively promote the adjustment of economic structure and the fundamental transformation of economic growth mode, effectively change the situation of "pollution first, treatment while destruction", rely on scientific and technological progress, develop circular economy, advocate ecological civilization, strengthen environmental rule of law, improve the supervision system, establish a long-term mechanism, build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and strive to let people drink clean water, breathe clean air, eat safe food, and produce and live in a good environment.
(6) Basic principles.
-Coordinated development and mutual benefit. Correctly handle the relationship between environmental protection and economic development and social progress, protect in development and develop in protection, adhere to economical development, safe development and clean development, and realize sustainable scientific development.
-Strengthening the rule of law and comprehensive management. Adhere to administration according to law, constantly improve environmental laws and regulations, and strictly enforce environmental law; Adhere to the principle of comprehensive decision-making, scientific planning and prevention-oriented in environmental protection and development, prevent pollution and ecological damage from the source, and comprehensively use legal, economic, technical and necessary administrative means to solve environmental problems.
-don't owe new accounts, pay more old ones. Strictly control the total discharge of pollutants; All new construction, expansion and reconstruction projects must meet the requirements of environmental protection, so as to increase production without increasing pollution and strive to increase production and reduce pollution; Actively solve environmental problems left over from history.
-relying on science and technology and innovating mechanisms. Vigorously develop environmental science and technology and promote the solution of environmental problems with technological innovation; Establish a diversified investment mechanism of government, enterprises and society and a market-oriented operation mechanism of some pollution control facilities, improve the environmental protection system, and improve a unified, coordinated and efficient environmental supervision system.
-classified guidance, highlighting key points. Adjust measures to local conditions, plan by regions, coordinate urban and rural development, solve environmental problems that restrict economic development and are strongly reflected by the masses by stages, and improve the environmental quality of key river basins, regions, sea areas and cities.
(7) Environmental objectives. By 20 10, the environmental quality of key areas and cities has been improved, and the deterioration trend of ecological environment has been basically curbed. The total discharge of major pollutants has been effectively controlled, and the emission intensity of pollutants in key industries has dropped significantly. The air quality of key cities, urban centralized drinking water sources and rural drinking water quality, national surface water quality and coastal seawater quality have improved, the grassland degradation trend has been controlled, the area of soil erosion control and ecological restoration has increased, the mine environment has improved significantly, the trend of groundwater overexploitation and pollution has slowed down, the ecological functions of key ecological function protection areas and nature reserves have basically stabilized, and the environmental quality of villages and towns has improved to ensure the nuclear and radiation environment.
By 2020, the environmental quality and ecological conditions will be significantly improved.
Third, economic and social development must be coordinated with environmental protection.
(eight) to promote the coordinated development of regional economy and environment. According to resource endowment, environmental capacity, ecological status, population, national development planning and industrial policies, all regions should define the functional orientation and development direction of different regions, and organically combine regional economic planning with environmental protection objectives. In areas with limited environmental capacity, insufficient supply of natural resources and relatively developed economy, we should optimize development, adhere to environmental priority, vigorously develop high and new technologies, optimize industrial structure, speed up industrial and product upgrading, take the lead in reducing the total discharge of pollutants, and achieve increased production and pollution reduction. Focus on developing areas where the environment still has a certain capacity, rich resources and great development potential, speed up infrastructure construction, make scientific and rational use of environmental carrying capacity, promote industrialization and urbanization, strictly control the total discharge of pollutants, and increase production without increasing pollution. Areas with fragile ecological environment and important ecological function protection areas should be restricted from development. On the premise of giving priority to protection, we should rationally choose the development direction, develop industries with distinctive advantages, ensure the restoration and conservation of ecological functions, and gradually restore ecological balance. Development in nature reserves and areas with special protection value is prohibited, protected according to law, and any development activities that do not meet the requirements are prohibited. Do a good job in ecological function zoning, determine the leading functions of different regions, and form a unique development pattern. All kinds of development and construction planning must carry out environmental impact assessment in accordance with state regulations. Decisions that have a significant impact on the environment should be demonstrated.
(9) Vigorously develop circular economy. All regions and departments should take the development of circular economy as an important guiding principle for the preparation of various development plans, formulate and implement circular economy promotion plans, accelerate the formulation of policies, relevant standards and evaluation systems to promote the development of circular economy, and strengthen the construction of technological development and innovation systems. According to the principle of "reduction, reuse and recycling" and the requirements of ecological environment, products and industrial zones are designed and transformed to promote the development of circular economy. In the production process, it is necessary to strictly access the emission intensity, encourage energy conservation and consumption reduction, implement cleaner production, and implement auditing according to law; In the process of waste generation, it is necessary to strengthen pollution prevention and whole process control, extend producer responsibility, reasonably extend industrial chain, and strengthen the recycling of various wastes; In the consumption link, we should vigorously advocate environmentally friendly consumption methods, implement environmental labeling, environmental certification and government green procurement systems, and improve the recycling system of renewable resources. Vigorously promote building energy conservation and develop green buildings. Promote sewage recycling, garbage disposal and resource recovery, and build a water-saving city. Promote the establishment of ecological provinces (cities, counties), environmental protection model cities, environment-friendly enterprises, green communities and green schools.
(10) Actively develop the environmental protection industry. We should speed up the localization, standardization and modernization of the environmental protection industry. Strengthen policy support and market supervision, break local and industry protection, promote fair competition, and encourage social capital to participate in the development of environmental protection industry in accordance with the laws of market economy. Focus on the development of important environmental protection technical equipment and basic equipment with independent intellectual property rights, and strive to master the core and key technologies of environmental protection through introduction, digestion and absorption on the basis of independent research and development. Vigorously improve the independent innovation ability of environmental protection equipment manufacturing enterprises and promote the independent manufacturing of major environmental protection technologies and equipment. Cultivate a number of advantageous environmental protection enterprises with well-known brands, strong core technical capabilities, high market share and many employment opportunities. Accelerate the development of environmental protection service industry, promote the marketization of environmental consultation, and give full play to the role of intermediary organizations such as industry associations.
Fourth, effectively solve outstanding environmental problems.
(eleven) to focus on drinking water safety and key river basin management, strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution. It is necessary to scientifically delimit and adjust drinking water source protection areas, effectively strengthen the protection of drinking water sources, build urban backup water sources, and solve the problem of drinking water safety in rural areas. Resolutely ban direct sewage outlets in water source protection areas, strictly prevent aquaculture from polluting water sources, prohibit toxic and harmful substances from entering drinking water source protection areas, strengthen water pollution accident prevention and emergency treatment, and ensure people's drinking water safety. Huaihe River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, Songhua River, Three Gorges Reservoir and its upper reaches, Xiaolangdi Reservoir and its upper reaches of the Yellow River, the water source of South-to-North Water Transfer Project and its areas along the route, Taihu Lake, Dianchi Lake and Chaohu Lake are the key points of water pollution control in the basin. Focus on the Bohai Sea and other key sea areas and estuaries as the focus of marine environmental protection. It is strictly forbidden to directly discharge industrial sewage exceeding the standard into rivers, lakes and seas.
(twelve) to strengthen pollution prevention and control, strengthen urban environmental protection. We should strengthen the construction of urban infrastructure. By 20 10, the national urban sewage treatment rate will be no less than 70%, and the harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage will be no less than 60%. Efforts will be made to solve the pollution of particulate matter, noise and catering industry, and encourage the development of energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles. Conduct soil risk assessment and remediation on the original site after the relocation of polluting enterprises. Urban construction should pay attention to natural and ecological conditions, preserve natural heritage such as natural forests, rivers and lakes, beaches and wetlands as much as possible, protect natural landforms and wildlife, and strive to maintain urban ecological balance.
(thirteen) to reduce the total amount of sulfur dioxide emissions as the focus, and promote the prevention and control of air pollution. Accelerate the pace of raw coal washing and reduce the sulfur content of commercial coal. Strengthen the control of sulfur dioxide in coal-fired power plants. In addition to the pit-mouth power plant burning ultra-low sulfur coal, new (expanded) coal-fired power plants must simultaneously build desulfurization facilities or take other measures to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. Large and medium-sized cities and their suburbs strictly control new (expanded) coal-fired power plants other than cogeneration, and prohibit new (expanded) energy-consuming enterprises such as steel and smelting. Coal-fired power plants that have been put into operation before the end of 2004 with excessive sulfur dioxide emissions should install desulfurization facilities before the end of 20 10; According to the environmental conditions, determine the desulfurization targets in different regions, and formulate and implement plans for the prevention and control of acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution. Power plants that have been put into operation for more than 20 years or have an installed capacity of less than 65438+ 10,000 kilowatts should be rebuilt or shut down within a time limit. Formulate the control plan of nitrogen oxides in coal-fired power plants and carry out pilot demonstrations. Strengthen smoke control. Take energy-saving measures to improve energy utilization efficiency; Vigorously develop new energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy and biomass energy, actively develop nuclear power, develop hydropower in an orderly manner, increase the proportion of clean energy, and reduce air pollutant emissions.
(fourteen) to focus on the prevention and control of soil pollution, strengthen rural environmental protection. Combined with the construction of new socialist countryside, the environmental protection action plan of rural well-off society will be implemented. Carry out a national soil pollution survey and comprehensive management of over-standard cultivated land, and the cultivated land that is seriously polluted and difficult to repair should be adjusted according to law; Rational use of pesticides and fertilizers to prevent agricultural film from polluting cultivated land; Actively develop water-saving agriculture and ecological agriculture, and intensify pollution control in large-scale aquaculture. Promote the work of improving water and toilets in rural areas, make good use of resources such as crop straws, actively develop rural biogas, properly handle domestic garbage and sewage, solve the problem of "dirty, chaotic and poor" rural environment, and create towns and civilized ecological villages with beautiful environment. To develop county economy, we should choose characteristic industries suitable for local resource advantages and environmental capacity to prevent pollution from transferring to rural areas.
(fifteen) to promote the harmony between man and nature as the focus, strengthen ecological protection. Adhere to both ecological protection and governance, and focus on controlling unreasonable resource development activities. Give priority to the protection of natural vegetation, adhere to local conditions and attach importance to natural restoration; Continue to implement ecological control projects such as natural forest protection, natural grassland vegetation restoration, returning farmland to forests, grazing and grassland, returning farmland to lakes, desertification control, soil and water conservation and rocky desertification control; Strictly control land degradation and grassland desertification. Economic and social development should adapt to water resources conditions, make overall plans for living, production and ecological water use, and build a water-saving society; Develop a disaster-avoidance economy that meets the requirements of disaster prevention; Ecological water use should be fully considered in water resources development and utilization activities. Strengthen the construction and management of ecological function reserves and nature reserves. Strengthen environmental supervision of mineral resources and tourism development. Do a good job in the protection of typical marine and coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, coastal wetlands, coral reefs and islands.
(sixteen) focus on the supervision of nuclear facilities and radioactive sources to ensure the safety of nuclear and radiation environment. Comprehensively strengthen nuclear safety and radiation environment management, and the state exercises unified supervision over environmental protection of nuclear facilities. Nuclear safety, environmental safety and waste disposal should be fully considered in the planning and construction of nuclear power development; Strengthen the safety supervision of nuclear facilities under construction and in service, speed up the decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste; Strengthen environmental supervision and management of electromagnetic radiation and associated radioactive mineral resources development; Improve the safety supervision system of radioactive sources.
(seventeen) focus on the implementation of national environmental protection projects, and promote the solution of the current outstanding environmental problems. National key environmental protection projects are important measures to solve environmental problems. Starting from the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", national key environmental protection projects should be incorporated into the national economic and social development plan and related special plans, and carefully organized and implemented. National key environmental protection projects include: hazardous waste disposal project, urban sewage treatment project, garbage harmless treatment project, coal-fired power plant desulfurization project, important ecological function protection zone and nature reserve construction project, rural well-off environmental protection action project, nuclear and radiation environmental safety project, and environmental management capacity building project.
Five, establish and improve the long-term mechanism of environmental protection
(eighteen) improve the environmental regulations and standards system. Pay close attention to the drafting of laws and regulations on soil pollution, chemical pollution, ecological protection, genetic resources, biological safety, ozone layer protection, nuclear safety, circular economy, environmental damage compensation and environmental monitoring, and cooperate with the revision of the Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC). Through careful evaluation of environmental legislation and local law enforcement, improve environmental laws and regulations, make provisions to increase penalties for illegal acts, and strive to solve the problem of "low illegal cost and high law-abiding cost". Improve the system of environmental technical specifications and standards, scientifically determine environmental standards, and strive to achieve the convergence of environmental standards and environmental protection objectives.
(nineteen) strict implementation of environmental laws and regulations. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of administration according to law, strengthen environmental law enforcement, and focus on investigating and dealing with illegal acts such as failure to conduct environmental impact assessment, violation of the "three simultaneities" system of environmental protection facilities for construction projects (simultaneous design, simultaneous construction and simultaneous production), abnormal operation of treatment facilities, excessive discharge of pollutants, failure to discharge according to the provisions of the sewage permit, causing major environmental pollution accidents, illegal development and construction in nature reserves, and ecological damage caused by illegal mining. Strengthen the environmental supervision of various industrial development zones, and rectify those that fail to meet the environmental quality requirements within a time limit. Strengthen departmental coordination and improve the joint law enforcement mechanism. Standardize environmental law enforcement, implement law enforcement accountability system, and strengthen administrative supervision over environmental law enforcement activities. Improve the legal aid mechanism for pollution victims and study the establishment of environmental civil and administrative public prosecution systems.
(twenty) improve the environmental management system. According to the regional ecosystem management model, gradually straighten out the division of responsibilities of departments and enhance the coordination and integrity of environmental supervision. Establish and improve the environmental supervision system of national supervision, local supervision and unit responsibility. The state strengthens the guidance, support and supervision of local environmental protection work, improves regional environmental monitoring institutions, coordinates inter-provincial environmental protection, and urges and inspects outstanding environmental problems. The local people's governments are responsible for the environmental quality of their respective administrative areas, supervise the environmental protection work of the people's governments at the next lower level and the environmental behaviors of key units, and establish corresponding environmental protection supervision mechanisms. Legal persons and other organizations are responsible for solving environmental problems related to their jurisdiction. Establish an enterprise environmental supervisor system and implement professional qualification management. Local people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the construction of environmental protection institutions and implement their functions, staffing and funds. Further summarize and explore the supervision mode of municipal environmental protection institutions with districts and improve the local environmental management system. Environmental protection departments at all levels should strictly implement various environmental supervision systems, order units with serious pollution to treat and suspend production for rectification within a time limit, and be responsible for convening experts and representatives of relevant departments to put forward review opinions on the environmental impact assessment of development and construction planning. Improve the transfer procedures of environmental crime cases and cooperate with judicial organs to handle various environmental cases.
(twenty-one) to strengthen the environmental supervision system. It is necessary to implement a total pollutant control system, decompose the total pollutant control indicators to local people's governments at all levels step by step, and implement them to pollutant discharge units. The implementation of pollutant discharge permit system, prohibit unlicensed or excessive discharge. Strictly implement the environmental impact assessment and the "three simultaneities" system, and suspend the examination and approval of new total pollutant discharge and construction projects with great ecological impact in areas that exceed the total pollutant control index, have serious ecological damage or have not yet completed the ecological restoration task; If a construction project fails to go through the EIA approval procedures, that is, it starts construction or production without authorization, it shall be ordered to stop construction or production, and the EIA procedures shall be completed, and the responsibility of the relevant personnel shall be investigated. Fully demonstrate and post-evaluate the ecological management project. It is necessary to improve the compulsory elimination system in combination with the adjustment of economic structure, and formulate and adjust the catalogue of enterprises, processes, equipment and products with serious pollution and backward production capacity in a timely manner according to the national industrial policy. Strengthen the system of deadline governance, and implement deadline governance for pollutant discharge units that fail to meet the standards or exceed the total amount. During the treatment period, it is necessary to limit production and discharge, and no new projects to increase the total discharge of pollutants shall be built; Fails to complete the task of governance, shall be ordered to suspend production for rectification. Improve the environmental monitoring system and strengthen on-site law enforcement inspection. Strictly implement the emergency plan for sudden environmental incidents, local people's governments at all levels shall be fully responsible for the emergency handling of sudden environmental incidents in accordance with relevant regulations, and the State Environmental Protection Administration and relevant departments of the State Council shall give coordination and support according to the situation. The establishment of inter-provincial river water quality assessment system, the provincial people's government shall ensure that the exit water quality meets the assessment objectives. The state strengthens the coordination of inter-provincial environmental law enforcement and pollution disputes. Where pollutants discharged by the upstream provinces cause pollution accidents to the downstream provinces, the people's government at the upstream provincial level shall be liable for compensation, and the responsibilities of relevant units and personnel shall be investigated according to law. Specific compensation measures shall be formulated by the State Environmental Protection Administration jointly with relevant departments.
(twenty-two) improve the investment mechanism of environmental protection. Creating a good ecological environment is an important duty of people's governments at all levels, and people's governments at all levels should include environmental protection investment in the key content of fiscal expenditure at the corresponding level, and increase it year by year. It is necessary to increase investment in pollution prevention, ecological protection, environmental protection pilot demonstration and environmental protection supervision capacity building. At present, the local government focuses on the matching and improvement of sewage pipe network and domestic garbage collection and transportation facilities, and the state continues to arrange investment to support it. People's governments at all levels should strictly implement the national quota standards, ensure the administrative and business expenditures such as environmental protection administration, supervision, monitoring, information and education, and effectively solve the problem of "two lines of revenue and expenditure". It is necessary to guide social funds to participate in urban and rural environmental protection infrastructure and related work, and improve the diversified environmental protection investment and financing mechanism of the government, enterprises and society.
(twenty-three) the implementation of economic policies conducive to environmental protection. Establish and improve policy systems such as price, tax, credit, trade, land and government procurement that are conducive to environmental protection. Government pricing should fully consider the scarcity of resources and environmental costs, and market-regulated prices should also be conducive to the guidance and supervision of environmental protection. The renewable energy power plants and garbage incineration power plants will be subject to the electricity price policy that is conducive to development, and the full purchase policy will be implemented for the on-grid electricity of renewable energy power generation projects. Enterprises that do not meet the national industrial policies and environmental protection standards shall not be allowed to use land, stop credit, refuse to apply for industrial and commercial registration or be banned according to law. Tax incentives shall be given to environmental protection donations from domestic non-profit social organizations and state organs according to law. It is necessary to improve the ecological compensation policy and establish an ecological compensation mechanism as soon as possible. The central and local financial transfer payments should consider ecological compensation factors, and the state and local governments can carry out ecological compensation pilot projects respectively. Establish a benefit sharing mechanism for genetic resources.
(twenty-four) the use of market mechanisms to promote pollution control. Fully implement the charging system for urban sewage and domestic garbage treatment, and the charging standard should reach the level of guaranteed profit. Where the fees are not in place, the local finance should subsidize the operating expenses. Encourage social capital to participate in the construction and operation of infrastructure such as sewage and garbage disposal. Accelerate the transformation of urban sewage and garbage treatment units into enterprises, adopt open bidding, select investors and business units, implement franchising and strengthen supervision. Support policies such as land use, electricity consumption and equipment depreciation shall be implemented for the construction and operation of pollution control facilities, and tax incentives shall be given. Producers shall be responsible for or entrust others to recycle and treat waste products according to law, and bear the expenses. Implement the integrated model of design, construction and operation of pollution control projects, and encourage pollutant discharge units to entrust specialized companies to undertake pollution control or facility operation. Conditional regions and units can implement emissions trading such as sulfur dioxide.
(twenty-five) to promote environmental science and technology progress. Strengthen the construction of environmental protection science and technology basic platform, and give priority to major environmental protection scientific research projects in the national science and technology plan. Carry out research on environmental protection strategies, standards, environment and health, encourage prevention and control of pollution such as water, atmosphere, soil, noise, solid waste and agricultural non-point sources, as well as research on ecological protection, resource recycling, drinking water safety and nuclear safety, organize research on key and difficult technologies such as advanced sewage treatment, desulfurization and denitrification of coal-fired power plants, clean coal and automobile exhaust purification, and accelerate the application of high and new technologies in the field of environmental protection. Actively carry out technology demonstration and achievement popularization to improve the ability of independent innovation.
(twenty-six) to strengthen environmental protection team and capacity building. Improve the environmental monitoring, monitoring and emergency response system. Standardize the management of environmental protection personnel, strengthen training, improve quality, and build an environmental protection team with good ideas, correct style, fine business and good management skills. People's governments at all levels should appoint leading cadres with high political awareness and strong professional quality to enrich the environmental protection department. The appointment and removal of the person in charge of the environmental protection department at a lower level shall seek the opinions of the environmental protection department at a higher level in advance. In accordance with the overall thinking and relevant requirements of the reform of institutions, study and solve the problem of bringing environmental law enforcement personnel into the sequence of civil servants. It is necessary to improve the environmental monitoring network, build the "golden ring project", realize "digital environmental protection", speed up the construction of environmental and nuclear safety information systems, and implement the information resource sharing mechanism. Establish an emergency monitoring system for environmental accidents and an early warning system for major environmental emergencies.
(twenty-seven) improve the social supervision mechanism. Implement the environmental quality announcement system, regularly announce the relevant environmental protection indicators of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), release environmental information such as urban air quality, urban noise, drinking water source quality, river basin water quality, coastal water quality and ecological status evaluation, and timely release pollution accident information to create conditions for public participation. Announce cities with substandard environmental quality and implement an early warning mechanism for investment environmental risks. Give play to the role of social organizations, encourage reporting and exposure of various environmental violations, and promote environmental public interest litigation. Enterprises should disclose environmental information. For development planning and construction projects involving public environmental rights and interests, public opinions will be heard through hearings, demonstration meetings or publicity, and social supervision will be strengthened.
(twenty-eight) expand international environmental cooperation and exchanges. We should actively introduce foreign capital, advanced environmental protection technology and management experience to improve China's environmental protection technology, equipment and management level. Actively publicize the achievements and measures of China's environmental protection work, participate in international conventions such as climate change, biodiversity protection, desertification control, wetland protection, ozone layer protection, persistent organic pollutants control, nuclear safety and trade and environment negotiations, fulfill corresponding international obligations, and safeguard the national environment and development rights and interests. Efforts should be made to control greenhouse gas emissions and accelerate the elimination of ozone-depleting substances. In order to improve the environmental standards of foreign trade products and establish an environmental risk assessment mechanism and a monitoring system for harmful substances in imported goods, it is necessary to introduce renewable resources and species resources reasonably, and prevent pollution transfer, illegal import of wastes, invasion of harmful alien species and loss of genetic resources.
Six, strengthen the leadership of environmental protection work
(twenty-nine) the implementation of environmental protection leadership responsibility system. Local people's governments at all levels should unify their thinking in Scientific Outlook on Development, fully understand that protecting the environment means protecting the productive forces, improving the environment means developing the productive forces, enhancing the awareness of environmental hardship and the sense of responsibility for doing a good job in environmental protection, grasping the difficult problems that restrict environmental protection and the key problems that affect people's health, and grasping them to the end to achieve results. The principal leaders of local people's governments and the principal responsible persons of relevant departments are the first responsible persons for environmental protection in their respective administrative areas and systems. The government and departments should have a leader in charge of environmental protection work to ensure that understanding, responsibility, measures and investment are in place. Local people's governments should regularly listen to reports, study and deploy environmental protection work, formulate and organize the implementation of environmental protection plans, check the implementation, solve problems in time, and ensure the realization of environmental goals. People's governments at all levels shall report or inform the people's congresses at the corresponding levels and the CPPCC about environmental protection work and accept supervision.
(thirty) scientific evaluation of development and environmental protection achievements. Study the accounting method of green national economy, and gradually bring the resource consumption, environmental loss and environmental benefit in the process of development into the economic development evaluation system. Environmental protection should be included in the assessment of leading bodies and leading cadres, and the assessment should be regarded as one of the basis for the selection, appointment, reward and punishment of cadres. Adhere to and improve the environmental target responsibility system of local people's governments at all levels, implement annual target management for the main tasks and indicators of environmental protection, conduct regular assessments, and publish the assessment results. The activity of evaluating excellence first should be rejected by one vote for environmental protection. Units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to environmental protection shall be commended and rewarded. Establish a system of accountability and effectively solve the problem that local protectionism interferes with environmental law enforcement. Leading cadres and public officials who have caused major environmental accidents and seriously interfered with normal environmental law enforcement due to decision-making mistakes should be held accountable.
(thirty-one) in-depth publicity and education on environmental protection. Protecting the environment is the cause of the whole nation, and environmental publicity and education is an important way to realize the people's willingness to protect the environment. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda of the basic national policy of environmental protection and environmental legal system, carry forward environmental culture, advocate ecological civilization, promote social equity with environmental compensation, promote social harmony with ecological balance, and enrich spiritual civilization with environmental culture. The news media should vigorously publicize Scientific Outlook on Development's inherent requirements for environmental protection, take environmental public welfare propaganda as an important task, report the policies and measures of the party and the state on environmental protection in time, publicize the new progress and experience of environmental protection work, and strive to create a public opinion atmosphere for resource conservation and environmental protection. Cadre training institutions at all levels should strengthen environmental training for leading cadres and responsible persons of key enterprises. Strengthen the training of environmental protection talents, strengthen environmental education for young people, carry out popular science activities on environmental protection for the whole people, and raise the awareness of environmental protection for the whole people.
(32) Improve the coordination mechanism of environmental protection. Establish a comprehensive decision-making mechanism for environmental protection, improve the coordination mechanism for environmental protection under the unified supervision and management of environmental protection departments and the division of responsibilities of relevant departments, and give full play to the role of the national inter-ministerial joint meeting on environmental protection. The State Council environmental protection administrative department is the main body of environmental protection law enforcement. It is necessary to improve the national environmental monitoring network in conjunction with relevant departments and standardize the release of environmental information. Pay close attention to the preparation of national ecological function zoning and report it to the State Council for approval and implementation. Economic integration and relevant competent departments should formulate fiscal, taxation, finance, price, trade and science and technology policies that are conducive to environmental protection. Construction, land, water conservancy, agriculture, forestry, marine and other relevant departments shall do a good job in environmental protection and resource management in their respective fields according to law. Publicity and education departments should actively carry out environmental publicity and education and popularize environmental protection knowledge. Give full play to the PLA's important role in environmental protection.
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