The horizontal line of marking the island on the ceiling: according to the horizontal line of the floor elevation, vertically measure it to the ceiling design elevation (the relative elevation of standard room is 2.96m, and the relative elevation of toilet is 26m), and the horizontal line of the ceiling elevation is bounced along the wall and column.
Installation; Main keel messenger wire: play the ceiling elevation horizontal line and keel grading position line (the distance is not more than 688mm).
Installation of soil keel:
1. Install the main keel, and insert the assembled hanger main keel into the corresponding M hanger according to the step line position.
Hang the bolt and tighten the nut.
2, the main keel joint installation connection, stay to adjust the elevation, arching straight.
3. Install additional soil keels at the entrance of the cave, and set connection fasteners according to the corresponding node structure of the atlas.
4. Nail the edge keel and fix it with nails: spacing1000 mm..
5. Install the secondary keel: according to the secondary keel step line (generally 400nm apart), clamp the secondary keel.
6. Installation of gypsum board: Before installing gypsum board, all kinds of pipes in the ceiling must be inspected and accepted.
Gypsum board can only be installed after passing the pressure test.
7. Self-tapping screw nailing method of gypsum board: under the light steel framework that has been installed and accepted, according to the regulations of gypsum board.
Frame, seam, block elastic line, install a row of gypsum board from the middle of the ceiling along the direction of long keel,
As a benchmark, and then extend to both sides, branch installation. The spacing of self-tapping screws for fixing gypsum board is 150 ~ 470 dishes.
Material classification of suspended ceiling
The decoration materials of suspended ceilings are the main basis for distinguishing the names of suspended ceilings, mainly including: light steel keel gypsum board ceiling, gypsum board ceiling, plywood ceiling, special-shaped aluminum gusset ceiling, square painted aluminum gusset ceiling, stained glass ceiling, aluminum honeycomb perforated sound-absorbing board ceiling, etc. If the ceiling adopts aluminum gusset plate, we usually call it "aluminum gusset plate ceiling".
Light steel keel plasterboard hung ceiling
Gypsum board is made of gypsum ash as the main raw material, with additives and fibers. It has the properties of light weight, heat insulation, sound absorption, incombustibility and sawability. Gypsum board and light steel keel (pressed by galvanized steel sheet) are combined into light steel keel gypsum board. There are many types of light steel keel gypsum board ceiling, including paper gypsum board, decorative gypsum board, fiber gypsum board and hollow gypsum board strip. There are many specifications on the market. At present, as a partition wall, the light steel keel gypsum board ceiling is rarely used for ceiling modeling.
Gypsum board ceiling
Mostly used in commercial space, generally 600x600(mm, the unit length is not specified in the project, and its unit is mm), which can be divided into open bone and dark bone. Keels are usually made of aluminum or iron.
Plywood ceiling
At present, decoration is commonly used. Plywood (also called plywood) is made by cooking and softening logs, cutting them into large pieces along the annual rings, drying, sorting, gluing, assembling blanks, hot pressing and sawing. It has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, good elasticity and toughness, and resistance to impact and vibration. Easy processing and finishing, heat preservation and the like. Smallpox usually uses a 5 cm splint. 3 mm is too thin and easy to arch, 9 mm is too thick. It is popular because it can easily create various shapes of smallpox, including arcs, circles and squares. But there is one disadvantage: fear of termites. The remedy is to spray termite control drugs. Plywood ceiling may fall off after painting for a period of time. The method is to brush varnish (varnish) before decoration, and then do another process after drying. The disadvantage of another splint is that the joints will crack. The method is to fill the joints with putty when decorating.
Aluminum honeycomb perforated sound-absorbing board ceiling
Its structure is a perforated panel and a perforated back panel, which are directly bonded with the aluminum honeycomb core by high-quality glue to form an aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure, and a layer of sound-absorbing cloth is stuck between the honeycomb core, the panel and the back panel. Because the honeycomb core in the honeycomb aluminum plate is divided into many closed cells, the air flow is prevented, the sound wave is hindered, the sound absorption coefficient is improved (above 0.9), and the strength of the plate itself is improved, so that the size of the veneer can be made larger, and the design freedom is further increased. According to room acoustics design, different perforation rates can be designed, and the sound absorption coefficient of composite structure can be controlled within a certain range, which can not only achieve the design effect, but also control the cost reasonably. By controlling the perforation aperture and spacing, the perforation rate is changed according to the customer's use requirements. The maximum perforation rate is less than 30%, and the aperture is generally ∮2.0, ∮2.5, ∮3.0 and other specifications. The perforation requirements of the backboard are the same as those of the panel, and the sound-absorbing cloth is made of high-quality sound-absorbing materials such as non-woven fabrics. Suitable for subways, theaters, radio stations, TV stations, textile mills, factories with excessive noise, gymnasiums and other large public buildings.
Features:
1. Large surface and high flatness.
2. The board has high strength and light weight.
3. Good sound absorption effect, fire prevention and waterproof.
4. The installation is simple, and each board can be disassembled and replaced separately.
5. In terms of size, shape, surface treatment, color, etc., it can be customized according to customers' needs to meet their individual needs.
Special-shaped strip aluminum gusset ceiling
This material is no longer used in home decoration, mainly because it is not resistant to dirt and is easy to deform.
Square painted aluminum gusset ceiling
Use in kitchen, bathroom and other places that are easy to get dirty. It is the mainstream product at present.
Painted glass ceiling
A variety of patterns, internal lighting. For local use only.
Metal grid ceiling
The most commonly used aisle or hall in commercial space feels very modern. [Edit this paragraph] Ceiling selection skills The most commonly used ceiling at the top of aluminum gusset plate is composed of decorative plates, keels, hanging wires and other materials, which can be replaced frequently as needed, and is a very convenient household item. According to the different decorative materials, the ceiling can be divided into gypsum board ceiling, metal plate ceiling, glass ceiling and PVC board ceiling. Gypsum board is relatively cheap, followed by PVC board, and metal plate is the most durable but expensive. At present, the aluminum gusset ceiling in the metal plate is mainly used for home decoration.
But pure aluminum is soft, so the aluminum gusset plate on the market is actually the ceiling made of aluminum alloy, including aluminum-magnesium alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy. Al-Mn alloy pinch plate has higher hardness, and Al-Mg alloy increases hardness and brightness. Good texture and strong decorative effect. High-quality Al-Mn alloy pinch plate is commonly known as stainless aluminum because of its good corrosion resistance.
Special note: there are some inferior substrates in the market, which are made of waste aluminum, recycled aluminum or mixed aluminum. Products are easily deformed and oxidized, and some even contain recycled aluminum containing harmful substances such as chromium, lead and mercury. This kind of aluminum gusset plate has low price, high hardness and a certain thickness, which is very deceptive.
Generally, the width of aluminum gusset plates on the market is between 10- 15cm, the thickness is 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm and 0.8 mm, and the price is between 130 yuan/m2 and more than 200 yuan/m2.
In small markets, salespeople often say, "The thicker the gusset plate, the better. Look at how thick our gusset plate is ... "In fact, the thicker the aluminum gusset plate, the better. Cui Jian, manager of Yuanzhou Mining Research Department, explained that the thickness is the guarantee of the hardness of pinch plate. If the hardness is not enough, the pinch plate will be deformed. However, 0.6 mm or 0.7 mm thick gusset plate in home decoration is completely sufficient. Those aluminum-mixed boards are useless because of poor material.
Choose materials for your eyes and hands.
Because consumers basically can't see the test report of ceiling materials, they can only choose the ceiling through their own opinions. Cui Jian suggested that consumers should choose good materials by themselves.
"When purchasing aluminum gusset ceiling, we should look at aluminum, membrane and back cover, and test the quality of aluminum gusset from these three aspects." She said that the material of aluminum should be checked first. As it is difficult for ordinary consumers to see clearly the material of aluminum, consumers are advised to look at the hardness of the pinch plate themselves and then check whether the paint surface is smooth, burr-free and color-different.
Secondly, it depends on the film. Consumers can pull the edge of the buckle plate. If the film appears, it means that the film is not tightly attached to the pinch plate. Look at the back cover again (the back of the pinch plate), which is the part that many consumers ignore. Generally, the back cover should be treated with anti-corrosion and picked by hand. If the back cover can be taken off, it means that its material is not good; Moreover, general regular manufacturers will paint the manufacturer's logo and production date on the back. Through the existence of these words, consumers can also identify the quality of products. If there are both, it means that it is the mechanized production of regular manufacturers, which is different from small workshops and the quality is relatively guaranteed.
Finally, experts suggest choosing brand products. "Brand products are relatively standardized and guaranteed in quality and service." Choose a good product, but also carefully observe and knead it yourself. [Edit this paragraph] The form classification of suspended ceiling occupies a very important position in the decoration of the whole room. Proper decoration on the top of the room can not only beautify the indoor environment, but also create a colorful artistic image of indoor space. The principles of material saving, firmness, safety, beauty and practicality should be followed when choosing ceiling decoration materials and design schemes.
Plane type
Planar ceiling refers to the ceiling decoration of various rooms with no shape and hierarchy on the surface, flat, simple, neat and generous top surface, and less materials than other ceiling forms. Generally, it is made by splicing various decorative boards, and it can also be painted, sprayed, pasted with wallpaper and wall cloth. (Brushing latex paint is recommended for plasterboard splicing, which is convenient for handling joint cracks. ) Jointing with wooden boards should strictly handle the interface, which must be treated with glue or epoxy resin.
Bump (usually called modeling top)
Concave-convex ceiling refers to a kind of ceiling with concave-convex structure on the surface. This kind of ceiling is complex and changeable in shape, with a strong sense of hierarchy, and is suitable for the top decoration of halls, hallways, restaurants and so on. It is usually used with lamps (chandeliers, ceiling lamps, downlights, spotlights, etc.). ).
Suspended type
Hanging type is a kind of suspended ceiling for hanging various plates, metals, glass, etc. In the structural layer. This kind of smallpox is full of dynamic changes, giving people a refreshing aesthetic feeling, and is often used for ceiling decoration in hotels, concert halls, exhibition halls, film and television halls, etc. Often through a variety of lighting to produce a unique shape, full of artistic interest in light and shadow.
well pattern
Well-shaped ceiling is a kind of ceiling form that uses well-shaped beams to guide modeling or shape the top surface. Decorate with lamps and single-layer or multi-layer decorative lines to enrich the ceiling shape or reasonably divide the room.
Glass type
The glass top surface is a form of using transparent, translucent or painted glass as the indoor top surface, which is mainly used for lighting, viewing and beautifying the environment, and can be made into dome, flat roof, folding roof and other forms. It gives people a magical feeling of being bright and fresh indoors and seeing the sky. [Edit this paragraph] Design requirements for suspended ceiling ① It is used to shield structural members and various equipment, pipelines and devices.
② For the ceiling of a room with acoustic requirements, the surface shape and material should be considered according to the acoustic quality requirements.
(3) Ceiling is an important part of interior decoration and should be considered in combination with interior design. All kinds of lamps and air conditioning outlets installed on the ceiling should become an organic whole of ceiling decoration.
(4) It is convenient to maintain all kinds of equipment and pipes hidden in the ceiling.
⑤ The suspended ceiling should be convenient for industrial construction and try to avoid wet operation. [Edit this paragraph] Precautions for suspended ceiling should be determined according to the height and form of suspended ceiling.
The height of the house is very important. If the floor height is very low, even less than 2.5 meters, it is not suitable for large-scale suspended ceiling, but it can be hung in a small area. For example, a circle of secondary suspended ceiling with a width of more than ten centimeters and a height of 10~ 18 cm is hung around the house, which contains upward lighting, while the middle part keeps its original height, and the suspended ceiling can be painted with light blue paint, which will make the top surface look as high as the sky and appear rich. Or make a local ceiling in the hidden part of the room, and the same effect can be achieved. For rooms with higher floors, you can freely choose the ceiling style and shape, which can be arc-shaped, round, square and irregular, or can be divided into two or even multi-layer ceiling shapes, and you can use a large area ceiling to reduce the height.
Do the concealed work first.
Whether the lighting power supply, air conditioner and audio-visual wires need to be hidden in the ceiling, the lighting mode and the installation position of lamps should be clear, otherwise, you can only take open wires in the future, which will affect the appearance.
Ceiling in kitchen and bathroom
It must be easy to clean and must be moisture-proof and corrosion-resistant. Usually, gusset plates are used as integrated ceilings.
Safety should be guaranteed.
The ceiling must be firm, otherwise it will hurt people or damage things. [Edit this paragraph] If the choice of ceiling is divided by whether or not to choose a ceiling, family decoration can be divided into "ceiling school" and "anti-ceiling school", and there is a lot of knowledge about whether a room has a ceiling.
Unnecessary upper limit
At present, the indoor height of most houses is about 2.75 meters, and the height of some high-rise buildings is even only 2.6 meters. Ceiling reduces indoor space, but it is generally believed that it is not good to decorate a home without ceiling. Of course, some ceilings in home decoration are really well done. By decorating the ceiling, it not only covers up the congenital defects left by the building, but also decorates the ceiling into artistic patterns.
The top surface of some buildings was originally flat, and there were no primary and secondary beams protruding. However, when decorating, there was a big fight. It was necessary to lower the surrounding area by one or two levels, make up the degraded areas with fluorescent strips, make up the surrounding areas with energy-saving light bulbs, and even install color fluorescent tubes. This makes the whole room look very commercial. In fact, when decorating the top surface, bright lines such as diagonal lines or straight lines can play a decorative role, and it is not necessary to use the ceiling method to deal with it. Excessive decoration will also cause visual psychological burden.
Misunderstanding of suspended ceiling
Myth 1: Only the ceiling is good enough. In fact, because the current commercial housing is not as high as before, it is usually only 2.6-2.8 meters. Installing a ceiling in such a relatively narrow space will make people feel nervous and depressed visually, which will lead to some physiological reactions, such as dizziness and nausea.
Myth 2: The uneven shape will highlight the personality of the owner. When installing the ceiling, some people will design uneven shapes or use materials such as glass and mirrors, which will bring difficulties to the usual cleaning, make the ceiling a place to hide evil people and shelter evil people, and thus pollute the indoor air environment. This is especially true in the northern region where sandstorms and dust storms are more serious.
Myth 3: Color light sources can create a good atmosphere. Many families will install some colorful light bulbs on the ceiling. In fact, these strange feelings are not suitable for ordinary families, and abuse can easily make the room appear impetuous and destroy the warm and harmonious mood.
What is suitable for suspended ceiling
So, under what circumstances is the ceiling suitable? The main point is to make the original beams and pipes of the building invisible, and the other point is to make the space height tend to be consistent.
There are inappropriate primary and secondary beams at the top of the living room, so we should find ways to design, dissolve and decorate them. Sometimes the owner changes the balcony into a part of the hall, and there will be a beam between the hall and the balcony ceiling. The simple way is to hang the flat top at the bottom of the beam, which makes people feel the hidden beam and looks smooth, and can also solve the problem of hiding the curtain box.
There is usually a beam between the living room and the dining room. The dining room is generally smaller than the living room, and the dining room can consider ceiling decoration. If the dining room is a separate room, it doesn't have to have a ceiling.
In the bathroom and kitchen, under normal circumstances, it should be suspended Because these places generally have pipelines, and the spatial plane is very small. Attention should be paid to the selection of materials, which should be pollution-free and fiber-free. Bright light sources should be used behind the ceiling in these places to produce a clean and bright feeling. [Edit this paragraph] Ceiling construction technology 1. Try to use light steel keel when you can use wooden keel or light steel keel. This is because the expansion and contraction of wood is relatively large, which easily leads to structural deformation [1].
2. Attention should be paid to expansion joints in design and construction. Expansion joints should be left at each joint, and inverted at a 45-degree angle to avoid stress accumulation.
3. The installation of light steel keel or wooden keel should be smooth and the spacing should be standardized.
4. Self-tapping nails should be evenly distributed to ensure that each self-tapping nail is close to the force, otherwise it is easy to form side lock reaction, which will make the structure lose stability and produce deformation joints.
Improper environment is another cause of deformation and cracking of ceiling. Humidity is the most important environmental factor affecting the cracking and deformation of gypsum board and plywood. In the process of construction, there is moisture from all directions, which makes the board absorb the surrounding moisture and gradually dries and shrinks during long-term use, resulting in cracking and deformation of the board joints. Therefore, the air humidity should be reduced as much as possible in the construction, and good ventilation should be maintained, and the construction should not be started until the water content of concrete reaches the standard. Minimize wet work. When surface treatment is carried out, appropriate sealing measures can be taken on the surface of the plate, such as rolling varnish once to reduce the hygroscopicity of the plate.
Cracking of ceiling is the most common quality problem in the process of home improvement. Having said that, it is still impossible to completely avoid the problem of cracked ceiling. If there is a crack in the ceiling of your home decoration, please don't panic and notify the decoration company for warranty. Generally, after the four-season cycle test, the structure will tend to be stable and there will be no cracks in the ceiling. [Edit this paragraph] There are many specifications for purchasing aluminum gusset plates for aluminum ceiling, including panel width, thickness, hem height, etc. The choice should be based on the characteristics of the family bathroom. Aluminum gusset plate can be divided into two types: perforated surface and flat surface. Perforation on the surface can ventilate and absorb sound, and the gusset plate is covered with a membrane pad, so moisture can be absorbed by the membrane through perforation, which is most suitable for kitchen and bathroom with more water. 600mm×600mm microporous square plates, C 150, C 100 laths and 300×300 and 300×600 aluminum gusset plates are widely used in the market.
The quality of aluminum gusset plate lies not in its thickness, but in the quality of aluminum. There are generally 0.8 mm or even thicker aluminum gusset plates in engineering. Why? Because some engineering gusset plates are very long, in order to prevent deformation, thicker and harder gusset plates should be used. On the contrary, there are few aluminum gusset plates in home decoration, all of which are more than 4 meters, and there are no heavy objects on the aluminum gusset plate ceiling. Therefore, it can be said that it is enough to decorate the aluminum gusset plate. Then, why did you go to Building Materials City? Many salesmen told you that they were 0.8 mm, and some friends said that someone introduced him to 0.88 mm; That's often because their boards are not good, so they can only fool people with thickness-it's really tiring to destroy people.
Tell you clearly, 0.6 mm is enough. Take a famous imported brand aluminum gusset plate in the market as an example. Its price is above 300 yuan per square meter, but what is its thickness? 0.5 mm, worse than 0.6 mm! Why, the quality of the plate is not the thickness, but the substrate. In fact, if the aluminum gusset plates you consult are famous brands, most of them are mid-range 0.6 mm
About why some brands are not good at 0.8 mm, and some brands use aluminum from cans. Because of the quality problem of aluminum itself, they want to make the aluminum gusset plate very thin, but it is impossible. Because aluminum is not good, the plates can't be made evenly thin, so they can only be made thick.
Therefore, to identify the aluminum gusset plate, we should not only pay attention to the smoothness of the surface, but also observe whether the thickness of the plate is uniform, and pinch the plate by hand to feel whether the elasticity and toughness are good.