1) Coal: the culprit. The first is power generation. With the improvement of people's living standard and production demand in China, the consumption of electric energy is increasing. Most of the electricity we use is obtained by burning coal. Secondly, steel-making, cement plants, urban heating and other high-energy industries also rely on coal. 2) Urban construction: China should strictly control the total building area. Another very important factor is our urban planning model. A city with tens of millions of people living in it and high population density is hard to imagine without smog. 3) Automobile exhaust. Traffic problems such as congestion 4) construction site, mutton skewers in snack street, etc.
Why is the smog in Beijing so serious?
As we all know, the environment can purify itself. When polluted, under the action of physics, chemistry and biology, the environment can gradually eliminate pollutants and achieve the purpose of natural purification. For example, after pollutants are discharged into water, they can often be restored to the state before being polluted through their own physical, chemical and biological superposition. However, if the pollution exceeds the self-purification limit of the water body, the water body will be polluted and the clean water will become dirty water. Another example is the atmosphere. Physical and chemical actions such as dilution, diffusion and oxidation of the atmosphere can make the pollutants entering the atmosphere gradually disappear. This is the self-purification ability of the atmosphere. However, if pollutants accumulate to a certain amount and reach the limit of environmental self-purification, clean air will become smog air.
Rome was not built in a day. The smog in Beijing didn't suddenly appear. Before 20 1 1, the annual smog was only distributed in individual periods and did not last long. Since then, the smog has become increasingly fierce and out of control, forming the status quo of Beijing's non-wind or haze. Nowadays, smog appears repeatedly in Beijing. On the surface, it is influenced by the external factor of unfavorable climatic conditions, but the deep-seated reason is the concentrated appearance of environmental problems accumulated in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. High energy consumption, high emissions, heavy pollution, overcapacity, unreasonable layout, excessive energy consumption, continuous strengthening of the energy structure dominated by coal, rapid increase in the number of urban motor vehicles, substantial increase in pollution emissions, construction sites everywhere, insufficient pollution control, and the total amount of major air pollution emissions far exceeds the environmental capacity. It is precisely because of the fragile environment in Beijing and its surrounding areas that it cannot support the sewage discharge of a large number of enterprises. In winter, burning coal to keep warm and setting off fireworks at the Lantern Festival have become another step. When the last straw that crushed the camel fell, nature began to punish us. The number of haze days has increased year by year, and the degree of haze has deteriorated year by year. If we don't change the mode of economic development, adjust the industrial structure, change the backward production and lifestyle, reduce smog and improve air quality as soon as possible, it will be difficult to achieve the goal.
Nature has the ability to purify itself and discharge pollutants, but this ability is limited. When the pollutant discharge does not exceed the purification capacity of nature, there will be no smog. Only when it exceeds a certain limit and nature can't digest so many pollutants will it warn human beings in the form of smog. This is also the law that quantitative change causes qualitative change. It is more scientific and appropriate to explain the causes of smog with "accumulation theory", which is conducive to coming up with feasible and targeted solutions. In life, if we only pay attention to the pollution sources in the smog formation factors, we will only introduce various restrictions such as restrictions on production and production. If we realize that smog is formed because pollutant emissions exceed the purification capacity of nature,
What caused the smog in Beijing?
Mainly because the air does not flow, the tiny particles in the air gather.
Floating in the air. The ground is dusty and the air humidity is low. People and vehicles on the ground stir up dust.
Automobile exhaust is the main pollutant emission. In recent years, there are more and more cars in cities, and automobile exhaust emissions are a factor of smog. Secondary pollution produced by factories. CO2 and other pollutants emitted by heating in winter!
But the reason is not important, what is important is how to reduce the harm to yourself.
I used ZRA, and after driving for half an hour, the nasal congestion became more and more unobstructed!
Why is the smog in Beijing so serious?
1) Coal: the culprit. The first is power generation. With the improvement of people's living standard and production demand in China, the consumption of electric energy is increasing. Most of the electricity we use is obtained by burning coal. Secondly, steel-making, cement plants, urban heating and other high-energy industries also rely on coal. 2) Urban construction: China should strictly control the total building area. Another very important factor is our urban planning model. A city with tens of millions of people living in it and high population density is hard to imagine without smog. 3) Automobile exhaust. Traffic problems such as congestion 4) construction site, mutton skewers in snack street, etc.
Experts' analysis of the causes of persistent smog in Beijing
"zonal circulation", "static stability" and "high humidity"-experts' analysis of the causes of persistent smog in Beijing
Qiao Lin, director of Beijing Meteorological Observatory and director of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Environmental Meteorological Center, said that unfavorable meteorological external factors such as zonal circulation, quietness and high humidity "gathered together" and contributed to the persistence of fog and haze.
Firstly, the circulation situation promotes the maintenance and development of fog and haze. The persistent fog and haze weather in Beijing is closely related to the background of large-scale circulation. 20 16, 16 to 2 17, 20 16, 12, 30 to 20 17, zonal circulation is dominant in the middle and high latitudes of China.
Second, static conditions are conducive to the maintenance and enhancement of fog and haze. From February 30th, 20 16 to June 4th, 20 17, Beijing was in the "high pressure rear", the atmosphere remained static, the middle layer recovered obviously, and the ground temperature was high during the day, which was beneficial to the vertical diffusion of pollutants. At night, the ground radiation obviously cools down, forming an "inversion temperature", which is very unfavorable to the vertical diffusion of pollutants and the visibility becomes worse. During the day on the 5th, due to the influence of easterly winds at the lower level, light snow or sporadic light snow appeared in most parts of Beijing, but the effect of fog and haze removal was limited.
Third, high humidity is beneficial to the hygroscopic growth of particulate matter. From 20 1 7,65438+10,1in the morning, the humidity in the lower atmosphere is close to saturation, and foggy weather appears in the plain, with strong fog in some areas, and the minimum visibility is less than 200 meters. Following last year's 65438+February 20th, the "rime" weather appeared again in Fangshan, Daxing and Tongzhou.
In addition, Qiao Lin pointed out that Beijing's special terrain is objectively conducive to the maintenance of fog and haze. Beijing is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the weak cold air in the west and north is not easy to enter the plain area. The intensity of cold air weakens after passing through the mountains, while the foreign pollutants in the south of Beijing can drive straight in. Fog and haze in Beijing are the most serious in the south and slightly lighter in the north. Affected by the piedmont terrain convergence line of Taihang Mountain, the piedmont areas in southern Beijing and central and southern Hebei formed a heavily polluted area.
Yang Jie, a senior engineer at the Beijing Meteorological Observatory, said that the smog weather in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei will last from the 5th to the 7th. Affected by cold air during the day on the 8th, the smog weather in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei will weaken and dissipate from north to south.
The above information comes from Yang Guang. com。
People with smog in Beijing found out the reason and implemented it.
Although the red warning issued by * * * has long been lifted, the pace of smog has not stopped. The outdoor pm2.5 in Beijing has exceeded 500 for a week, and there is no sign of fading. This crazy windless life is really hard. After sleeping, my mouth is dry, my throat is itchy, my lungs are obviously uncomfortable, and my child coughs from time to time. Only this one, not to mention the quality of life in this city. According to London's experience, it is unrealistic to control smog by wind. For everyone's health, give some simple and practical suggestions.
First, the implementation of urban cleaning projects.
Because of the small annual rainfall, Beijing is a particularly dirty city, with dust everywhere. The newly washed car is covered with dust in less than half a day. After less than two hours of outdoor activities, my whole face and nostrils are dirty. 99% of sandstorms in Beijing come from local areas, and they are recycled. Therefore, it is suggested that Beijing implement the urban cleaning project:
One is to cover all the land. We should plant more trees and shrubs and less grass. A short fence should be set between shrubs and hardened ground. Where shrubs are not planted, including the roots of big trees, floor tiles, asphalt or cement should be laid.
The second is to clean up the dirt and dust on the ground in time. Even on windy days or when cars pass by, you can hardly feel the dust in the air.
The third is to realize all closed shipments of garbage. It is necessary to call on or force citizens to form the habit of putting garbage into bags and not to throw garbage everywhere. Garbage collection should use trash cans or bins, and the whole process of garbage removal should be closed.
The second is to implement rapid urban traffic engineering.
A large number of jobs in Beijing are within the Second Ring Road or the Third Ring Road, while a large number of houses are located outside the Fifth Ring Road. Between the Second Ring Road and the Fifth Ring Road, there are only 3.625 traffic lights in expressway. One is Jingkai Expressway, the other is Lianhuachi East Road-Lianhuachi West Road-Shi Lian East Road, the other is Badaling Expressway (there are no traffic lights when leaving the city, but there are traffic lights when entering the city), the other is Airport Expressway (there are no traffic lights when leaving the city, so you can't get on the expressway when entering the city), and there is also 0.625 Tonghuihe North Road-Jingtong Expressway (there are no traffic lights when leaving the city, so you can't get on a big city like Jingtong in Beijing). This is also the main reason why there are not many cars in Beijing, but there are often traffic jams. Therefore, it is suggested to implement the urban traffic acceleration project:
One is to connect expressway and the Second Ring Road. Extend Jingcheng Expressway to Dongzhimen North Bridge of North Second Ring Road, Airport Expressway to Dongsishitiao Bridge of East Second Ring Road, Jingtong Expressway to Jianguomen of East Second Ring Road, Jingha Expressway to Zuo 'anmen of Southeast Second Ring Road, Jingjintang Expressway to Zuo 'anmen of Southeast Second Ring Road, Dexin Road to Yuting Bridge of South Second Ring Road, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway to Guang 'anmen Bridge of West Second Ring Road and Fushi Road to Fuchengmen of West Second Ring Road.
The second is to implement the rapid transformation of urban road network. The sections from Andingmen of Anli Road to lishuiqiao, Chaoyangmen of Chaoyang North Road to Dengjiayao Bridge, Guangqumen of Refractive Road to Dajiaoting Bridge, Zuoanmen of Santaishan Road to Boxing Road, Caihuying Bridge of Lize Road to Lize Bridge, Zizhuyuan to Zizhu Bridge of Xingshikou Road to Xingshikou Bridge will be rapidly reconstructed in both directions.
The third is to quickly transform the main roads in the Second Ring Road. East-west Guang 'anmen Bridge-Guangqumen Bridge, Xibianmen Bridge-Dongbianmen Bridge, Guanyuan Bridge-Dongsishitiao Bridge, North-South Street Bridge-Beijing Railway Station, Yonghegong Bridge-Yuting Bridge, Jishuitan Bridge-Kaiyang Bridge, Jishuitan Bridge-You 'anmen Bridge are rapidly transformed in both directions.
The fourth is the rapid transformation of other regions. Focus on the rapid transformation of some sections and intersections with high congestion.
The above-mentioned rapid conversion can be complete interchange or rapid conversion of some lanes; Can be elevated or shallow excavation; All vehicles can pass quickly, or vehicles with limited height and weight can pass quickly.
The third is to implement the rail transit optimization project.
Some people say that the subway in Beijing was neither built by man nor by man. The main reason is that the subway station in Beijing is too far away from residential areas, so it is really inconvenient for ordinary people to commute by subway.
Take subway 13 line as an example. Probably in order to save the construction cost, the subway 13 line is built along the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and the Jingcheng Expressway, and its stations are far away not only from residential areas, but also from bustling commercial outlets. As a result, the travel time of ordinary people has been increased, and at the same time, a large number of motorcycles and low-speed cars have been bred, making the whole Beijing look like a big village (maybe Beijing is a big village), and it is smoky. Imagine if the subway ......
How serious is the smog in Beijing and why is it studied in China?
A few days ago, when the smog was the worst, the whole sky was yellow, and the visibility was very low. As long as it didn't blow in winter in Beijing, it was foggy all winter.
Why is the weather in Beijing always foggy?
Hello, the contribution of motor vehicles accounts for 20-30% of the road dust and exhaust gas brought by automobiles.
The contribution of industry is 30-40%.
30-40% contribution from dry cleaning and oil fume.
However, according to the author's years of experience, the mixing of steam and flue gas brought by desulfurization facilities of heating boilers in winter also contributes a lot, which is the main driver of smog weather in Beijing.
Why is the smog in Beijing so heavy? What is the reason?
The composition of smog is very complicated. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and inhalable particles are the main components of smog. The first two are gaseous pollutants, and the last particulate matter is the chief culprit that aggravates smog weather pollution. They combine with fog and instantly turn the sky gray. In addition, there are more than 20 kinds of fine particles and toxic substances harmful to human body, including acid, alkali, salt, amine and phenol, as well as dust, pollen, mites, influenza virus, tuberculosis and pneumococcus. Its content is dozens of times that of ordinary atmospheric water droplets.
Haze has the greatest impact on the human respiratory system, and the diseases caused are mainly concentrated in respiratory diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, nasal inflammation and other diseases. However, because the composition of smog is so complex and diverse, the content is different in different regions and at different times, so it is difficult to say that smog itself is carcinogenic, but some of the substances are carcinogens. For example, the Comprehensive Scientific Assessment Report of Particulate Matter in the Air issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency in 2009 pointed out that there are enough scientific research results to prove that fine particulate matter in the air can adsorb a large number of carcinogens and genotoxic mutagenic substances, which bring negative effects that cannot be ignored to human health, including increased mortality, aggravation of chronic diseases, deterioration of respiratory and heart diseases, changes in lung function and structure, influences on reproductive capacity, and changes in human immune structure.
Why is the smog in Beijing so serious now?
As we all know, the environment can purify itself. When polluted, under the action of physics, chemistry and biology, the environment can gradually eliminate pollutants and achieve the purpose of natural purification. For example, after pollutants are discharged into water, they can often be restored to the state before being polluted through their own physical, chemical and biological superposition. However, if the pollution exceeds the self-purification limit of the water body, the water body will be polluted and the clean water will become dirty water. Another example is the atmosphere. Physical and chemical actions such as dilution, diffusion and oxidation of the atmosphere can make the pollutants entering the atmosphere gradually disappear. This is the self-purification ability of the atmosphere. However, if pollutants accumulate to a certain amount and reach the limit of environmental self-purification, clean air will become smog air.
Rome was not built in a day. The smog in Beijing didn't suddenly appear. Before 20 1 1, the annual smog was only distributed in individual periods and did not last long. Since then, the smog has become increasingly fierce and out of control, forming the status quo of Beijing's non-wind or haze. Nowadays, smog appears repeatedly in Beijing. On the surface, it is influenced by the external factor of unfavorable climatic conditions, but the deep-seated reason is the concentrated appearance of environmental problems accumulated in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. High energy consumption, high emissions, heavy pollution, overcapacity, unreasonable layout, excessive energy consumption, continuous strengthening of the energy structure dominated by coal, rapid increase in the number of urban motor vehicles, substantial increase in pollution emissions, construction sites everywhere, insufficient pollution control, and the total amount of major air pollution emissions far exceeds the environmental capacity. It is precisely because of the fragile environment in Beijing and its surrounding areas that it cannot support the sewage discharge of a large number of enterprises. In winter, burning coal to keep warm and setting off fireworks at the Lantern Festival have become another step. When the last straw that crushed the camel fell, nature began to punish us. The number of haze days has increased year by year, and the degree of haze has deteriorated year by year. If we don't change the mode of economic development, adjust the industrial structure, change the backward production and lifestyle, reduce smog and improve air quality as soon as possible, it will be difficult to achieve the goal.
Nature has the ability to purify itself and discharge pollutants, but this ability is limited. When the pollutant discharge does not exceed the purification capacity of nature, there will be no smog. Only when it exceeds a certain limit and nature can't digest so many pollutants will it warn human beings in the form of smog. This is also the law that quantitative change causes qualitative change. It is more scientific and appropriate to explain the causes of smog with "accumulation theory", which is conducive to coming up with feasible and targeted solutions. In life, if we only pay attention to the pollution sources in the smog formation factors, we will only introduce various restrictions such as restrictions on production and production. If we realize that smog is formed because pollutant emissions exceed the purification capacity of nature.