Author's Introduction:Ms. Shui Xia (1954-), female, librarian of Huaiyin Normal College, has published several papers.
Research on Innovation of Network Information Resource Management in Colleges and Universities
Servant Xia
(Huaiyin Normal College, Huai'an 223300)
[Abstract] This paper puts forward the concepts of information resource flow and information resource exchange based on the introduction of information resource and network information resource, and then puts forward the concepts of information resource flow and information resource exchange on the basis of the main problems of network information resource management in the
Network Information Resource Management
. Then, on the basis of
Major Problems of Network Information Resource Management,
Innovation of Network Information Resource Management in Colleges and Universities is elaborated from multiple levels.
[Keywords] college management; network information resource; information resource flow
[Abstract] Based on the introduction of information resource and network information resource, this paper pro-
posed the concepts of information resource stream and information resource exchange. Afterthat, based on the existence
of main questions of network information resource management, this article carried on the innovation elaboration to the
universities network information resource management from multi-level.
[Key words] universities management; network information resource; information resource stream
[Key words] university management; network information resource; information resource stream
[Key words] G203 [Document identifier] A [Article number] 1008-0821 (2007) 03-0052-03
The arrival of the information age has pushed the competition to a new climax, and the reform of higher education and the expansion of colleges and universities have required that the managers of the modern colleges and universities not only have professional knowledge, but also the knowledge and skills to manage the network information resource.
Knowledge, but also must master the relevant and corresponding cross-disciplinary basic knowledge, in order to
improve the management level. As a high-quality manager of an institution of higher education, you need to have
a keen sense of discernment, bold creativity, and coordinated control. After more than a hundred
years of development, the process of information management has gone through the traditional management period, technology
technical management period, the information resource management period, and now gradually to the "network information
information resource management" stage of evolution. This evolution and development of information management work
mode and service model is bound to cause great changes, resulting in new social needs,
and network information resource management is the product of this new demand.
1 Network Information Resource Flow
1-1 Information Resource (IR) and Network Information Resource (NIR)
Before exploring the flow of Network Information Resource, we should firstly clarify the understanding of the concept of Information
Resource (IR). At present, there are many
different interpretations about the meaning of information resources, but there are two main kinds of summarization: one is a narrow understanding,
thinking that the information resources are the literature resources or data resources, or a collection of various mediums
media and forms of information, including text, audio and video, print, electronic
information, databases, etc., which are all limited to the information itself. And the broad understanding,
that information resources is the information activities in a variety of elements of the general term, which contains both bad
inferior information itself, but also contains information related to personnel, equipment, technology and capital
gold and other resources.
With the acceleration of the Internet development process, the network of information resources has become a
great trend, compared with the traditional fine resources, network information resources in the number,
structure, distribution and dissemination of the scope of the carrier form, the connotation of the means of transmission, etc.
Face are showing new features. These new features give network information resources
(NIR) a new connotation. Network information resource refers to the collection of information that exists and spreads on the Internet in various ways
. At present, NIR is mainly based on Internet information
resources, but also includes other information resources that are not connected to the Internet.
Compared with traditional documentary information resources, network information resources have obvious differences
The same, as a product of the knowledge economy era, network information resources, also known as virtual information
Information resources, which is recorded in digital form, multimedia form of expression,
Stored in the network of computers, magnetic media, optical media and various types of communication media,
And through the network information resources, the Internet information resources.
And through the computer network communication mode to transmit the collection of information content.
The main
The main performance of the electronic data as the main form of bearing, both text
This information, image information, but also video, audio and other multimedia forms.
In addition, the network information resources in terms of scale, distribution, or update speed
degree of traditional literature and information resources can not be compared, so
How to network information in accordance with the characteristics of the network information and information needs of network users on the network information
Information resources for the effective management of the organization is the process of construction of network information resources
Very urgent. p>
The important issue is very urgent.
1-2 Information Resource Flow
The information resource flow is a collection of information resources in orderly movement. Like a river system
, the formation of information resource flow must have at least three elements: source, channel and destination
. The source of information resource flow is to have the ability to produce information resources
people or institutions; circulation channels are generally divided into formal channels and informal channels, these two
they complement each other, *** with the composition of the channel of information exchange, as shown in Figure 1.
Destination is the need for information resources that is the user. With the river system is not
the same is, the source and destination of information resource flow can often be interchangeable, the
source of this time can be the destination, the source of this place in the other place may be the destination
place, a person or an organization can also act as both the destination and the source of the
head at the same time. Therefore, the operation and control of the flow of information resources is much more complex and difficult than the operation and control of a river
.
Generally speaking, any normal person with the ability to think can be the source of the
information resource flow, and at the same time is bound to be the destination of the flow of information resources.
In practice, the source of information resource flow is mostly those who are good at discovering, creating and accumulating information resources, such as scientists, teachers, writers, journalists,
lawyers, managers, engineers, decision-makers, etc. The general public is more likely to be the source of information resource flow, and at the same time the destination of information resource flow. The general public is more often
as the destination of the information resource flow, they receive the information resource, and turn it
into material, energy, or their own ability and quality. In the process of flow of information resources
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for the purpose of permanent, repeated and effective utilization,
people also often "intercept" and "save" information resources through artificial facilities. "Savings" information resources
flow, so that the formation of a similar "reservoir or artificial lake" of libraries, archives
museums, intelligence centers, information centers and other forms of information resource centers. Information resources
source center can change the flow of information resources flow direction and time, in the user needs
when the need to provide its information resources, thereby increasing the utilization rate of information resources;
And can be similar to the power generation method for the development of information resources, in order to change the
structure and function of the information resources to improve the taste of information resources, the realization of the information resources
This is the first time that the information resource center has been established.
Information
Resources of value-added.
1-3 Information Resource Exchange
Information resource exchange is a kind of purposeful social activity, and it is the process of organizing, regulating, guiding and controlling the flow of information resources in order to realize the enjoyment of resources***.
Information resource exchange is a kind of social activity, and it is the process of organizing, regulating, guiding and controlling the flow of information resources in order to realize the enjoyment of resources***. From the perspective of elemental analysis, the emergence and existence of information resource exchange
needs to have the elements of communicator, communication object, communication content (information resources), communication
medium of flow and controllers, etc. These elements can be integrated in a certain way. These elements based on a certain way can be integrated
as a specific information system, such as publishing houses, radio, television, newspapers,
libraries, archives, intelligence information centers, etc., although their specific exchanges
content, methods and tasks are different, but the essence of their information resources
flow management and control activities.
2 The main problems of network information resource management in colleges and universities
2-1 Inadequate classification and organization of network information resources
Since the Internet is a network based on the GDPP/IP protocol connecting computer networks
network, there is no unified management machine
structure of the whole Internet, any government, enterprise, or individual can manage the information resources and control the flow of information. Any government, enterprises, individuals can be on the network in any way to send
distribution of information, so even if the same organization to organize the management of network information
information resources, its information description language, expression is also a big difference, which
increased the network information resources organization and management of the difficulty. At present, the organization and management of network information resources
there are many problems, the most important of which are the following two
aspects. First, the classification and organization system of network information resources is not perfect. Classification
classification method is in line with people's habit of retrieving information by class, although the traditional classification of literature
this classification idea is widely used in network information organization, but at present there are only a few websites, such as CERNET, super star digital library using traditional classification
classification tools to organize the network information, most of the portals are using self-edited
classification tools. Classification
system for information organization, the website's classification directory is based on the theme of network information
as the main basis for clustering, is a combination of classification and subject method, the classification of its class
is not a strict hierarchical enumeration of the class, the arrangement of the class is not limited to the content of the class
between the link and logical relationship, the design of these classification systems mainly from the
network information.
The characteristics of network information and the actual needs of network users, for the majority of network
users to use the network information to provide a certain degree of convenience, but the design of these classification systems
set in the selection of classification standards, the number of first-level categories, the number of categories set up, the classification system
open the level of the classification system, the arrangement of the categories of the system, and so on, each in its own, self-contained system, standardization
and standardization of the classification system, and so on. p>
The degree of standardization and standardization is not high, to the user to understand and use the resources of different sites
difficulty, not conducive to the online information resources *** build **** enjoy.
2-2 Search engine search quality is not high
Use of search engines to organize information resources, the user's biggest shortcoming
The trap is to check the accuracy of the rate is very low. This is mainly due to the lack of artificial
intervention in the information citation process, resulting in poor accuracy, coupled with the retrieval software is not
intelligent degree is not
high, resulting in a large search error. People use search engines for information retrieval
Search, although a search output may be a lot of results, but often contains
many repetitive, false information, that is, retrieval noise. Moreover, different
search engines have different search item selection, search interface, different syntactic requirements
and the handling of symbols and identifiers, so the construction of the search strategy of the input
style will also have a direct impact on the search structure. Many search engines do not cover all
network information resources, and there is also the problem of low search rate for users. In addition,
many of the information stored in various databases, search engines do not have access to.
This
These are greatly affected by the search engine search rate.
3 Theoretical core of network information resource management in colleges and universities
The core concept of college management is to serve learning and teaching, which is also the starting point and destination of college
management. Therefore, in the formulation of the concept of university management, we must
take the information technology era as the background, to the learning and teaching as a point of view, we should focus on
on the openness of the learning space and time, learning mode of diversification, teaching methods of modern
ization. In the 1990s, Professor Lu Taihong proposed: IRM (information resources
technical management of the English acronym), which is a collection of three basic information management model
minimization. Economic management of information resources and humanistic management of information resources, which
correspond to different contexts, namely, information technology, information economy and information culture.
3-1 Humanistic Perspective
People try to combine
administrative means, legal means and the power of spiritual civilization through the mutual coordination of policies, laws and regulations, ethics and morals, to realize the standardized and orderly management of high-speed information network resources, and to form an organic system and a healthy network culture to ensure the orderly operation of high-speed information networks. information network to ensure the orderly operation. The comprehensive application of these
means has changed the single mode of relying solely on
technology formed since the 1960s, solved the problems that many technical means are unable to solve,
helps customer service network rapidly expanding and disorderly expansion of the drawbacks triggered by the creation of a
harmonious, balanced and orderly information environment, and make the technology to play a greater role in the
This is the first time that a high-speed information network is used in the world.
Corresponding to the humanistic management mode of the information network culture, its direction makes
network environment information policy and information law, etc., in the network information resources
management practice, these three modes complement each other, organic combination.
3-2 Technical Perspective
In addition to using the principles of information science to study and solve the stability of the large system
, the network structure of the orderly and high-speed transmission of a variety of issues, the main
It is the use of the theoretical method of intelligence to study the characteristics of the information network information system,
information media and the way of use. That is, corresponding to the network technology technology management model,
the content of its research is the new network information systems, new information media and network information
information environment of information resources distribution, collection, organization, storage, retrieval, transmission
and services.
3-3 Economics Perspective
Economic information is an objective reflection of the state and change of human economic activities.
It has some special characteristics: quantitative analysis model is difficult to establish; life cycle
short period, does not have the gratuitous **** enjoyment; high degree of purpose and order; in
specified range will be terminated and so on. Information network is a huge socio-economic system
System, this system will be the computer, communication network, information resource network, information producers
providers (providers), information consumers (users) into an organic whole,
which has fundamentally changed the mode of production, distribution, circulation and utilization of human information,
caused the whole information industry revolution.
The information industry revolution has been caused by its fundamental change in the mode of production, distribution, circulation and utilization of human information. High-speed information network-based information activities
have the same characteristics as economic activities, processes and media, there are supply and demand
relationships, input-output relationships and cost-effectiveness and other aspects of the problem, it is necessary to
according to the laws of the economy, follow the laws of the economy, the use of economic leverage, the network of information
activities of the economy, so that the network
activity of economic management. Information resources to achieve optimal allocation, get
maximum utilization, play the best benefits.
Corresponding to the network information resources
economic management model, its research direction is the network information resources service industry caused by
economic issues, the research content is the Internet industry structure and management, the network environment
rational allocation of resources, the operation and management of the network market and so on.
4 Innovative Research on Information Resource Management in Higher Education Networks
4-1 Manager's Perspective
How to utilize limited funds and information resources to maximize the satisfaction of users'
information needs, how to mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of the information resource managers to improve the effectiveness of the information resource management system, and how to improve and refine the information resource management system. How to improve and perfect information
technology in order to adapt to new work needs, how to promote and maintain the information resource management
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■The information resource management system is a good and healthy system. The orderly operation and virtuous cycle of the management system belongs to the category of management function.
Network information resource management is a process controlled and operated by information resource managers (in colleges and universities, generally
meaning teachers in the library information service department, school information center, etc.).
The process of information resource management is a process that is controlled and operated by information resource managers (in colleges and universities, generally
meaning teachers in the library information service department, school information center, etc.). How to meet the user's information needs, to what extent to meet the
user's information needs and an information resource management system to achieve what
operation status, to a large extent, depends on the information resource management personnel
overall structure, quality and ability. An information resource manager is best not only
understand information resources and their exchange process, but also understand the user's information needs and master
all kinds of applicable information technology. Information resource management personnel is the main body of information resource management
they have thoughts, feelings, pursuits and inertia. A specific
body of the information resource management system must be flexible in the use of management theory, psychological
theory, sociological theory and other related theories and empirical knowledge, in order to maximize
mobilizing their enthusiasm and creativity, in order to provide
higher information services for information users.
4-2 Information Resource Perspective
In the modern information environment, the dominant position of information technology is becoming more and more obvious,
the main task of information resource managers will no longer be engaged in the collection of specific information
sources, organization, storage, retrieval, development and dissemination of the work, but will be the main
to engage in the study of information resource management, and try to research results. And try to transform the research results into information technology, and then the automated system composed of these information technologies instead of people
to complete these specific tasks. In the network information resources management activities, data
database technology has a very wide range of applications, it is the realization of resources **** enjoyment,
Save money, to provide the system's ability to reflect the quality of work and level of service
Important means and technology to ensure. There are more than 10,000 large-scale databases in the world,
the total number of records is tens of billions, and these databases provide all kinds of scientific and technological information, financial information,
commercial information, cultural information, etc. to the organizations, organizations,
schools, corporations, as well as to the individuals through the well-developed network.
From the current situation, China's serviceable information resources appear to be relatively
scarce, China now has readable information resources or very little. Although compared with the developed
countries, China's database construction is not quite satisfactory, but China
the development and construction of network information resources have considerable achievements, especially
the development and construction of network information resources in the university system has reached a considerable level.
such as: Southwest Information Center of the State Science and Technology Commission, "Super Star Digital Library", Chongqing Wei-Pu information company published "Chinese scientific and technological journals database", Wanfang Data Group
company launched "Wanfang database", "Chinese scientific and technological journals database", "Chinese scientific and technological journals database", "Chinese scientific and technological journals database", "Chinese scientific and technological journals database", "Wanfang database". "Wanfang Database" and so on, especially China Academic Journals Electronic
Magazine Society developed the "China Academic Journals CD-ROM Database" and so on is China
the network information resources development and construction work to a new stage.
4-3
4-3 Constructing a System Perspective
The establishment of EMIS ("Education Management Information System")
involves not only technical issues of information technology, but also a
management system, including people and management tools. The establishment of EMIS should
generally
consider two issues: one is the establishment of the guiding ideology of education management information technology; the other
one is the overall module design of education information technology system. According to the information technology and system features and functions that support education management
, it can be generally divided into the following
modules: information and communication support module; coordination support module; filtering support
module; decision-making support module; monitoring and safeguard support module; intelligent information processing
management module. Combining these basic modules with the guiding ideology of school management,
with the corresponding technical support, EMIS for the management of higher education innovation to play a greater
effect.
Network information resource management is a product of information resource exchange process and management fit
, is a closed-loop
system formed around the generation and fulfillment of users' information needs, i.e., the network information resource management system, which is a very
important sub-system of EMIS in colleges and universities, which is composed of information resources, information users, information technology,
management of information, information technology, and information technology, and information technology, and so on.
Management information, funding and information resource managers and other elements of the whole.
Its operation depends on planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling and other management functions
Capability of realization. Knowledge economy is based on information technology, the same college network
network information resource management construction and development is also inseparable from the network information resource management system
structure of the establishment of this is the implementation of network information resource management in colleges and universities as a prerequisite for the construction of network information resource exchange network
also. Colleges and universities should strengthen the network
information resource management system construction, the establishment of network technology as the support of information resources
resource management system can provide a platform for the exchange of information resources for colleges and universities, for the knowledge ***
enjoyment to provide a friendly interface. Campus network and digital
distributed in different physical locations, is an important infrastructure for the construction of the digital campus, can be open to both inside and outside the
campus, but also the campus of the proprietary components of the system into the system. In order to
promote the process of network information resource management in colleges and universities, it is necessary to build a broadband,
high-speed, reliable, secure, wired and wireless combination of multimedia network platforms throughout all corners of the campus
, as a bridge to communicate with various departments within the organization, and provide teachers and students with convenient and effective means of access to information.
At the same time, it is a multimedia network platform that serves as a bridge between various departments within the organization and provides teachers and students with convenient and effective access to information.
At the same time, we should do a good job of the interface function, realize the effective connection with the external website, in order to make full use of international and domestic information resources, realize the effective flow of resources inside and outside the school
Communicate, make the information resources flow up, build a digital campus, and establish an incremental income
Benefit network.
The system takes the analysis of users' information needs as the starting point, and finally meets users' information needs through source analysis,
information collection and conversion, information organization, information storage, information retrieval,
information resource development and delivery.
The process is shown in Figure 2. Compared with the pure information resource exchange process, network
information resource management has a clearer purpose, more closely organized and
more intense service characteristics.
Figure 2 Network information resource management system
References
[1]Zhang Xiaoxia. What kind of education management does China really need[J]. Education
Introduction, 2002, (10).
[2]Zhong Shouzhen,Li Yuelin. Exploring the Meaning of Information Resources[J]. Chinese Library Journal, 2000, (1).
[3]Zhu Xianyun. The requirements of innovative education on the quality of teachers[J]. Education
Exploration, 2002, (1).
[4]Chen Gezhi. Information Management [M]. Chengdu: Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Publishing
Society, 2005.
[5]Lin Li,Liu Yuanfang. Knowledge Management: A New Paradigm for Management Reform of Higher Education Institutions in the Century[J]. Technology and Management, 2003, (2).
[6]Sha Yongzhong. Development trend of information resource management[J]. Intelligence Information Work
Work, 2002, (1).
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Respondent: Liang Shuang Everywhere - Manager Grade 4 12-10 13:21
Hello! The paper you need we can provide for you, please add 345089562 (QQ) contact.
Respondent: Anonymous 12-10 16:39
Life and work at all levels has brought a profound impact. Review of the process of China's government information technology can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) desktop word processing tools as a typical personal office tool software stage, computer applications to improve personal work efficiency. (2) based on relational database technology, characterized by the application of C / S architecture stage, this stage of the basic realization of the departmental level of data processing, document processing and other automation. (3) based on the Internet / Intranet technology standards in line with the platform application stage, this stage, not only in the technology has made great progress, and the scope of application has been expanded from within the department, between the department to the industry / system within, and even across the inter-ministerial cross-system.
In terms of Internet application, government departments have successively set up their own Web servers and Web sites, and some of them have realized some simple online business. However, due to the technical differences and lack of experience of the relevant units in the construction of information technology, e-government has not been realized in the true sense, on the contrary, many government sites in the planning and construction, management and maintenance, as well as security are still stuck at a low level, government departments at all levels are still to be set up and perfected from the production of the page, approval and updating, process management, application development, security assurance, and the integration of back-end application systems (such as OA and business systems), the government departments are still to establish and improve their own Web servers and Web sites, and some simple online business. Such as OA and business systems) integration and customer mutual support of a set of effective management model, operational methods and technology platform.
E-government applications and general office automation systems are closely related, but also in the application focus, the user community and the use of technology and other aspects of the differences, in general, the former in the scope of the user contains the latter, e-government is more broadly government office automation or understanding of the "society-oriented government office automation ". Reprinted from the document China doctxt.net
Principles of implementation:
Practicality principle; advanced and maturity principle; reliability principle; openness and security principle; standardization principle; scalability principle; maintainability, manageability principle; savings principle
Steps of implementation
First of all, the construction of the organization within the communication platform (e.g., e-mail system, electronic forum, etc.), and establish online information exchange and preliminary online collaborative work among staff.
Second, in the organization's internal staff computer application level can be generally improved, the basic establishment of online collaborative work after the awareness of the office network to consider some of the day-to-day workflow such as approval of official documents, commonly used applications, meeting management, file management, information collection, approval and query, as well as the day-to-day business of various departments. At this stage, the basic realization of the organization's internal office automation.
Third, the establishment of public websites on the Internet, information collection, release, exchange of official documents between departments and even simple e-trade, etc., the scope of office automation to further expand to cross-industry, cross-ministry. At this time, the basic realization of e-government.
In the above process, the network information system security and stability from beginning to end is very important. Whether or not to establish a strong network information security prevention system, to a certain extent, determines the success or failure of the construction of government departments information technology.
Part I Construction of Internal Office Automation System
Functional Requirements:
Generally speaking, the office automation system of the government departments should take the official document processing and the management of the affairs of the organs (especially the office of the leaders) as the core, and at the same time, provide the important functions such as the information communication and the service, so the typical office automation application includes the management of the official documents, the management of the supervision, the collection and release of the government information, the internal requisition report and the publication of the government affairs. Therefore, the typical office automation applications include official document management, supervision management, government information collection and release, internal request report management, file management, meeting management, management of leadership activities, policies and regulations library, internal forums, etc. In addition, in view of the growing importance of the Internet in the daily office, the office automation system should be left with the Internet to smooth the interface.
Document China doctxt.net
One of the basic needs of the office automation system to provide e-mail functionality
On an office automation system usually contains a number of application subsystems, such as sending, receiving, information services, file management, event scheduling, meeting management, etc., you can e-mail mailbox as a unified interface for all these office application subsystems. Subsystems of the unified interface, each user through their own e-mail inbox will be able to understand the work that needs to be dealt with, without having to regularly check back and forth between the different application systems, office automation application systems to e-mail as a unified entrance to the design of the idea, you can greatly improve the user-friendliness of the system and ease of use, reducing the workload of training.
Two, dealing with a large number of composite document-type data information
Office automation information handled by the carrier is mostly in the form of documents, reports, letters, faxes, etc., so the office automation system is a typical document processing system. These are different from traditional data types of information, is "unstructured data", "composite document data" or "object data".
It is generally believed that relational database systems (such as Oracle, DB/2, SQL Server, Foxpro, etc.) is suitable for traditional data types (structured information) representation and storage, but the processing of composite document data is not able to fully express the information and storage efficiency is the highest. Therefore, the concept of "document database" or "object storage" was introduced into the database field, and its goal is to express and store and manage "composite document data" with high efficiency in response to the emerging needs. The goal is to efficiently express and store and manage "composite document data" in response to emerging needs. Of course, the traditional data storage and processing is often indispensable for office automation systems. Document China doctxt.net
Office automation system due to its requirements for the processing of composite document data must be established as the core document database, while selectively combining relational databases.
Three, including a large number of workflow applications
The so-called workflow is a group of people in order to complete a business all the work carried out with the work transfer (interaction) process. Most applications of office automation applications such as document approval, various types of applications. Each work in the form of a process, by the initiator (such as the document drafter) to initiate the process, after the department as well as other departments to deal with (such as signing, countersigning), and ultimately reach the end of the process (such as issuing documents, filing into the library).
Workflow can be interconnected, cross or cyclic, such as the end of a workflow may be the starting point of another workflow, such as the higher department of the end of the document processing process triggered by the lower department of the receipt of the document processing process. Workflows can also break unit boundaries, occurring between the organ and the organ's related units.
There are three modes of realizing workflow automation to a considerable extent. That is: mail-based, *** enjoyment database-based, based on a combination of mail and *** enjoyment database mode (i.e., "groupware mode").
From the point of view of information technology, groupware mode combines the "push", "pull" technology, giving full play to the advantages of different technologies, to overcome their shortcomings, is the ideal office automation process processing mode, but also make the office automation personnel have a complete information technology tools. The complete information technology tools.
Four, support for collaborative work and mobile office
Document China doctxt.net
In the daily office, the office staff need to spend a lot of time for discussion and exchange of views, in order to make some kind of decision. This is the so-called "collaborative work", which is a way of communicating and cooperating with each other in a group. With the development of network technology, asynchronous collaboration, such as e-mail, Internet forums, and synchronous collaboration, such as real-time network meetings are gradually becoming in addition to face-to-face meetings outside the new way of working, they break the time, geographical constraints, so that people can participate in collaborative work at any time and any place, greatly improving work efficiency.
The so-called "mobile office" is to provide office personnel in the office outside the office means, he can remotely dial or log on to the network of the place of travel, through the telephone line or wide-area network, at any time you can access to the office automation system; in order to improve the efficiency of the work and reduce costs, the office personnel can also choose to "Offline" work mode, that is, the need to deal with the information downloaded to the local portable machine, and then cut off the connection, "offline" processing of information (for example, he can be on the go to review official documents, draft e-mail, etc.), work is completed before connecting again to send the results of their work and download again to send the results of their own work and download again. He can then disconnect and work "offline" (e.g., he can review documents, draft e-mails, etc., while traveling), and only when he is finished does he reconnect to send out the results of his work and to download new pending information. Office automation systems as web applications should provide users with collaborative work support and mobile office support.