I: which is the strength of basic education between China and the United States-primary education, secondary education/studyabroad/international/secondaryedu/31855.shtml

Comparison of educational development level between China and the United States

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II: When it comes to tourism, people often think of it. In fact, domestic tourism is also an extremely important part of tourism. From the combination of theory and practice, it is of great significance to deeply understand the position, function and development conditions of domestic tourism.

1. the position and role of domestic tourism in the national economy

domestic tourism is an important consumption form of social citizens, and its development is a symbol of the improvement of the living standards of a country. China's domestic tourism has developed to a certain scale and influence today, but on the whole, it is still in a state of spontaneous disorder. In order to change this situation and make domestic tourism develop as soon as possible, we must first improve our understanding of the position and role of domestic tourism in the national economy.

first, the development of domestic tourism has the function of withdrawing money, promoting market prosperity and ensuring the stable development of the national economy.

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the living standards of Chinese people have improved rapidly, and the purchasing power of residents has been greatly enhanced. At the end of 1981, the purchasing power of scrape up was only 81.4 billion yuan, which increased to 251 billion yuan in 1985 and 713.4 billion yuan in 1991. In ten years, the average annual growth rate is 25%. Such a huge purchasing power of scrape up not only reflects the increase of income of urban and rural residents and the improvement of people's living standards, but also is a hidden danger to stabilize the market and society. How to guide the purchasing power of scrape up residents is an important issue to ensure the stable development of the national economy. At present, securities investment and consumption of high-grade durable consumer goods have become important ways to guide residents' purchasing power in scrape up, but they cannot completely solve the problem of currency withdrawal of residents' purchasing power in scrape up. In recent years, residents' securities investment has developed greatly. However, because the development of the investment market is still in the initial stage, the scale of attracting the purchasing power of residents in scrape up to invest is still limited, and the high-end durable consumer goods in the consumer goods market have played a great role in absorbing the purchasing power of residents in scrape up. But in recent years, it has become saturated. Under the circumstances that it is difficult for securities investment and high-grade durable consumer goods to completely alleviate the pressure of residents' purchasing power in scrape up, developing domestic tourism, absorbing a large amount of consumption funds and withdrawing money has become another important way to guide residents' purchasing power in scrape up. According to the statistics of the World Tourism Organization, in 1991, the world's domestic tourism revenue reached 2.4 trillion US dollars, and the international tourism revenue totaled 2.65 trillion US dollars, which kept pace with important industries such as energy and automobile manufacturing, and became one of the three largest industries in the world economy. In recent years, China's domestic tourism industry has also developed quite rapidly and its economic benefits have been continuously improved. During the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, there were 1.39 billion domestic tourists, with an average annual income of 271 million, with an annual income of 75.3 billion yuan and an average annual income of 15.16 billion yuan. In 2119-92, the number of domestic tourists reached 331 million, and the returned currency reached 25 billion yuan. Practice has proved that properly guiding people's tourism consumption and developing domestic tourism are indeed an effective way to withdraw money, reduce market pressure and promote national economic development.

second, developing domestic tourism can provide more employment opportunities. Tourism is a highly comprehensive service industry. To meet the various needs of tourists, it is necessary to develop corresponding industries that provide services directly and indirectly. According to estimates, for every direct employment in tourism, the number of indirect employment in society can increase by more than five. Therefore, developing tourism to promote the development of the tertiary industry can provide a large number of jobs for people.

Third, developing domestic tourism can also promote the development of other industries and improve the national economic structure.

the development of tourism must be based on the production and development of certain material resources, at the same time, it can promote the development of economic sectors and play a role in improving the national economy. This is because the development of tourism can stimulate the consumption of tourists, thus forming and expanding a new consumer market. To meet the expanding consumption due to the development of tourism, it is necessary to increase production and expand services. The consumption stimulated by tourism is a high level of consumption, and the requirements for consumer goods and services are relatively high, both in quality and quantity. In terms of upgrading, the cycle of some tourist consumer goods is shorter, which puts higher demands on the production and service departments. Therefore, this new form of tourism consumption has become a new driving force to promote the development of production, and it is possible for other departments and industries to open up new production channels. At the same time, the development of tourism will also promote the exchange of various economic information and provide conditions for the emergence of new industries. These functions of domestic tourism can promote the adjustment and improvement of the national economic structure.

fourthly, developing domestic tourism can also revitalize and prosper local economy.

China is vast in territory and abundant in natural resources, and is rich in tourism resources. All localities can proceed from local reality, develop domestic tourism according to local conditions and promote the development of local economy. Especially in some areas with low economic level and rich tourism resources, it is a better way to prosper the local economy by developing domestic tourism. Nanzheng County in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, was once a poverty-stricken county that had been subsidized by the state for a long time. However, in recent years, the total industrial and agricultural output value has jumped to the top in Hanzhong, becoming one of the counties with fiscal revenue exceeding 51 million yuan. One of the reasons for this great change is that in recent years, Nanzheng County has newly opened a South Lake scenic spot and vigorously developed tourism. The village farmhouses near Huangguoshu Waterfall in Guizhou used to be low and simple stone houses, and many villagers lived on government relief. In recent years, with the increase of tourists, all kinds of tourist service facilities have been built. Farmers who used to be out of business have now started business, and some have made a fortune. In 1988, the town's savings reached 4.18 million yuan, making it a famous town with ten thousand households. Tourism not only promotes the economy of backward areas, but also promotes the economy of developed areas obviously. For example, some major cities in Europe and America, the take-off of the four little dragons in Asia, etc., tourism has played an important role. In 1991, Shanghai put forward "three ones" requirements for travel agencies engaged in domestic tourism, that is, to attract every stranded guest to stay in Shanghai for one more night, to upgrade the tourism grade by one notch and to shop for one hundred yuan more. Through work, domestic tourists stayed in Shanghai for 213 days in the first half of 1992. Most of them have stayed in two-star hotels, and a few have stayed in three-star hotels, with the average shopper in Shanghai reaching 911 yuan. If one tenth of the migrant population in Shanghai can reach this level through work, it will be tens of billions of consumption, which will give a great impetus to Shanghai's commerce and textile industry.

Fifth, the development of domestic tourism can also accumulate funds for national construction and play a positive role in improving the economic benefits of the whole society.

vigorously developing domestic tourism and encouraging people to spend more on tourism will realize more profits for the country and society, thus accumulating funds for national economic construction. At the same time, because tourism has a special industrial function, the multiplier effect produced by developing tourism is more obvious in improving the economic benefits of the whole society. According to the scale of 311 million domestic tourists a year in China, according to the investigation and calculation of tourists visiting Beijing in 1991, the domestic tourism income can reach 181.8 billion yuan, which is about 1.45% of China's gross national product of 1741 billion yuan in 191. According to the current consumption level in China, the direct income per 1 yuan can generate a total economic benefit of 3.13 yuan. Then the direct economic income of 181.8 billion yuan will produce a total economic benefit of 5518.5. It can be seen that it is indeed an important measure with a positive effect to improve social and economic benefits by developing domestic tourism.

Sixth, developing domestic tourism is conducive to national cultural exchanges, emancipating the mind, renewing ideas, promoting the construction of spiritual civilization and improving the quality of life.

firstly, developing domestic tourism is an important way to meet people's growing material and cultural needs. With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the desire to travel is getting stronger and stronger, and the number of people traveling abroad is increasing day by day. Developing domestic tourism has become an indispensable way to meet the growing material and cultural needs of the people. Secondly, the development of domestic tourism plays an important role in stimulating people's patriotic enthusiasm, improving people's health and improving the quality of life. Tourists visiting the splendid mountains and rivers and places of interest in the motherland have a positive effect on broadening their horizons, cultivating their sentiments, expanding information exchange and enhancing their physical and mental health. Especially in patriotism education among teenagers, domestic tourism plays a more obvious role. In the past, activities such as "summer camp" study week were carried out, which included ideological education and imparting knowledge in tourism, so that young people learned knowledge that books could not learn, and stimulated their enthusiasm for rejuvenating China. These forms can be used for reference in developing domestic tourism. Thirdly, the development of internal tourism can also promote the renewal of ideas and concepts, thus improving people's quality. The tourist flow formed by the development of domestic tourism is the carrier of information flow and concept flow. The dissemination of these information, ideas, thinking and lifestyles can play a role in breaking the local closed and conservative ideas and triggering the renewal of thinking concepts. An important reason for China's social and economic backwardness is that closed and ignorant ideas hinder social progress. By developing domestic tourism, strengthening ideological and cultural exchanges between people and renewing ideas, its significance is far more profound than the economic benefits obtained by developing tourism. As for the role of domestic tourism in the construction of spiritual civilization, it has been more and more recognized by people. Arthur Holod, former president of the World Tourism Organization, said: "We must make every effort to maintain tourism at the highest cultural level and spiritual level. We must organize tourism to make it not only a good business, but also a good opportunity to create a more civilized and peaceful world." This is indeed an insight that applies to both international tourism and domestic tourism. To sum up, domestic tourism is an industry with special functions. It plays a very important role in promoting the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization. Therefore, the development of domestic tourism should attract full attention from all walks of life, especially the tourism industry.

second, the relationship between domestic tourism and international tourism

to develop domestic tourism, we should not only improve our understanding of its position and role in the national economy, but also correctly understand and handle the relationship between domestic tourism and international tourism.

Human tourism behavior consists of domestic tourism and international tourism. The relationship between them can be expressed in two sentences: domestic tourism is the foundation and forerunner of international tourism; International tourism is the extension and development of domestic tourism. The development of tourism is inseparable from domestic tourism. Here, as long as we focus on analyzing the relationship between domestic tourism and the whole tourism industry, its relationship with international tourism is relatively clear.

first of all, domestic tourism is the forerunner of tourism. Generally speaking, a country's tourism industry first developed from domestic tourism. People's travel behavior, from the direction and scope of travel, first started from short-distance travel, that is, domestic travel. When the domestic or local economy develops to a certain level, it begins to turn to international tourism and long-distance tourism. Based on the needs of social and economic development, China has chosen the road of giving priority to the development of international tourism in order to stimulate the economy to absorb foreign currency. However, the leading role of domestic tourism still cannot be denied. Secondly, domestic tourism is the basis and subject of the whole tourism industry. According to the statistics of the World Tourism Organization in recent years, domestic tourists account for more than 91% of the world's tourists, and their income accounts for nearly 91% of the world's tourism income. The ratio of overseas tourists to domestic tourists in the United States is 1: 111 every year; In the mid-1981s, the number of domestic tourists in Britain also accounted for 86% of the total number of domestic tourists in that year. According to the statistics of China National Tourism Administration, in 1991, 21 million people came to China, earning 11.9 billion yuan in foreign exchange, while in the same period, according to incomplete statistics, the number of domestic tourists reached 281 million, and the currency returned was 17 billion yuan. In 1992, the number of inbound tourists to China rose to 381,511, and the foreign exchange income was 3.94 billion US dollars. In the same period, the number of domestic tourists reached 331 million, and the currency returned was 25.2 billion yuan. Therefore, whether it is to investigate the supply and demand of tourism, the hardware and software of tourism service facilities, or to compare the proportion of tourists and income, it fully proves that domestic tourism is the foundation and leading of the whole tourism industry. Thirdly, domestic tourism is an important means to adjust the tourism market and improve the utilization rate of tourism facilities. The international tourism market often fluctuates due to political, economic or seasonal reasons. Domestic tourism can make up when the international tourism market fluctuates, adjust the utilization rate of tourism facilities, and solve the problems of idle and saturated transportation. Paying attention to the adjustment means of domestic tourism can prevent the imbalance between the development of the international and domestic markets, so as to avoid the situation that the tourism economy relies solely on the international market without room for manoeuvre. Then, to develop domestic tourism, we can also appropriately control the number of people going abroad and narrow the deficit in tourism revenue and expenditure. In the past, the tourism deficit in the United States was quite prominent. In recent years, the government has vigorously carried out activities to love new york and used the 211th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China to attract domestic tourists. For the same purpose, Switzerland has put forward the slogan "It is more convenient and appropriate to spend a holiday at home".

according to the above analysis, domestic tourism cannot be neglected in the development of tourism, and the relationship between them should be properly handled to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the whole tourism industry.

iii. conditions for developing domestic tourism

in the middle and late 1981s, China's tourism industry thought that domestic tourism had not yet formed scale and conditions, and it was not appropriate to vigorously advocate and develop it. Nearly ten years have passed, and the conditions for developing domestic tourism in China have changed greatly. First of all, the development of economy and the improvement of national income have laid an economic foundation for the development of domestic tourism.

According to the world-recognized empirical data, when the per capita gross national product reaches 311 dollars, residents have the motivation to travel in China; When it reaches $1,111, I want to travel near China; When it reaches $3,111, I want to travel abroad. At present, China's per capita GNP is about US$ 341. Although it only crosses the boundary of domestic tourism motivation, the improvement of people's living standards is more significant in Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other coastal areas with developed commodity economy due to the great differences in economic development levels. The demand for domestic tourism in these areas is bound to be stronger than that in other areas. At the same time, judging from the national savings balance, by the end of 1991, the savings balance of urban and rural residents had reached more than 911 billion yuan, which has already possessed the basic economic conditions for generating domestic tourism motives. These conditions prove that the conditions for developing domestic tourism are basically met objectively. Secondly, China's rich

tourism resources are an important condition for developing domestic tourism. Thirdly, the implementation of paid holidays and the 44-hour working week system in China provides the conditions for the development of domestic tourism. One of the important tea items that produce tourism behavior is that people should have enough leisure time. Due to the implementation of paid in developed countries